FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN

KOMPUTER

DENC3363
COMPUTER ENGINEERING

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT TASK

WEBSERVER AND FILE SERVER SETUP WITH SENSOR INTERCONNECTION

MEMBERS:
No Name Matric No.
.
1 SYED ALIF ASYRAAF BIN S.KHAIRUL ANWAR D022010006
2 MUHD AINUL HAFIZ BIN SEMAON D022010112
3 STACARLSONLAUS PEHUS D022010132
 PO5 (LAB ASSESSMENT)

CODE/COURSE :DENC3363 COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SESSION/SEMESTER :2/2
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT TASK
LAB GROUP NO. : 10 DATE :

NO. STUDENT NAME MATRIX NO.

1 SYED ALIF ASYRAAF BIN S.KHAIRUL ANWAR D022010006
2 MUHD AINUL HAFIZ BIN SEMAON D022010112
3 STACARLSONLAUS PEHUS D022010132
4

CRITERIA 1- NOVICE 2 - APPRENTICE 3 - PROFICIENT 4 - EXEMPLARY MARKS

Major mistakes while using

1. Ability to use modern Minor mistakes while using Able to handle modern tools Able to handle modern tools
modern tools but understand
tools modern tools. adequately. perfectly without supervision.
basic function.

2. Ability to conduct All procedures are followed

Few procedures are Most procedures are All procedures are followed
experiment according correctly within allocated time.
followed. followed. correctly in a shorter time.
to procedures

All findings are correctly

3. Ability to record Major mistakes while Minor mistakes while All findings are correctly
recorded and presented in a
findings recording findings recording findings recorded.
proper format.

TOTAL MARKS

DEN - Revised: October 2020

B. THEORY
In investigating the interconnections of a sensor with a web server setup and a file server,
there are a lot of definitions that can be given on the following objects stated above. Through
thorough research and development of the web server and file server with the sensors, we can
conclude the research with proper research from various sources of the uses of the web server with
the interconnection with a sensor, which in this case a pH sensor to record the potential hydrogen
levels of various liquid substance. Therefore, there are some definitions or theory that can be
identified in the process of this assignment.
The theories that can be identified from the research are about pH and the sensor that can
detect pH levels. According to a website, it is stated that pH is a quantitative unit of measure that
describes the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a liquid based substance. The common measurement
scale of pH ranges from 0 to 14. The formal definition that can be given of pH is the negative
logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. In practice, it is the hydrogen ion activity that is
measured, rather than the viscosity of the substance. The activity is a measure of “effective
concentration”.
Moreover, pH is a potentiometric measurement where an electrical signal is converted to a
pH reading. The signal produced and measured is a potential difference between the sensing and
reference electrodes. The theoretical potential value of pH at 7 is 0mV and the slope of the line is
approximately 59mV. This gives us in theory, where the pH sensor will change its output by 59mV
for every change in pH unit.
Besides the theory of pH, are the sensors that have been innovated and invented to measure
elements such as gases and other elements that ease humans to read values and determine findings
with the help of it. In this case, pH also have their specific sensors on order to determine the acidity
and alkalinity of a substance and ensure the safety and quality of a product and the processes that
occur within a wastewater or manufacturing plant. There are 4 specific pH sensors, which are
combination pH sensors, laboratory pH sensors, process pH sensors, and differential pH sensors. For
a Combination pH sensor, it uses a reference electrode and a measuring electrode where the
reference electrode provides a stable signal, while the measuring electrode is designed to detect the
changes occurred of the pH value of a substance. As for differential pH sensors, it is comprised of
three distinct electrodes, which is a metal ground electrode for the third one and the sensors are
unique where it can prevent reference fouling. For laboratory sensors, it can be made with
combination sensors that are contained within plastic bodies and 12mm glass. These sensors are
designed for smaller and lighter applications such as pool monitoring and environmental sampling.
Last but not least, is the process pH sensors where it is also made from combination sensors but built
in large and sturdy bodies that focuses on continuous pH monitoring.
In addition, in order to prove the connections between sensors and the webservers, there are a
few research to be done where we need to know what are webservers and file servers. In definition,
webservers are basically computers that runs websites. It is a computer that distributes web pages as
they requisitioned. The basic function of webservers are to store, process and deliver web pages to
the users. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used for this intercommunication (HTTP). The majority
of the material on these web sites is static, such as HTML documents, photos, style sheets, and tests.
A web server supports the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
protocols for emailing and file transfer and storage, in addition to HTTP. A web server's primary
function is to display website content. Intranet Server refers to a web server that is not accessible to
the public and is only used internally. When someone accesses a website by typing the URL or web
address into the address bar of a web browser such as Chrome, the browser sends a request to the
Internet to view the relevant web page for that address. This URL is converted to an IP Address (for
example, 192.168.1.109), which then links to a Web Server by a Domain Name Server (DNS).
Continuing with the server theory, there is also a file server, in definition, a file server is a
computer network's central server that serves file systems, or at least portions of file systems, to
connected clients. As a result, file servers provide users with a central storage location for files stored
on internal data media that is available to all authorised clients. The server administrator establishes
stringent guidelines for which users have which access privileges: For example, the admin can
control which files can be read and opened by a specific user or user group, as well as whether data
can be added, altered, or deleted, using the file system's configuration or file authorizations. Users
can access files over the local network as well as remotely when file servers are connected to the
internet and configured appropriately. This allows users to view and save files on the file server
while on the move. On a file server, any modern operating system, such as Windows, Linux, or
macOS, can be used, albeit the network devices must be compatible with the operating system.
However, file servers aren't just for storing and managing files. They're also frequently used as a
backup server and a repository for programmes that need to be accessible to numerous network
members.
Furthermore, other than exploring the pH definition, sensors and servers, this assignment also
focuses on proving the interconnection of the sensors with a web server and file server. Where the
system's entire design is built mostly on IoT, a relatively new notion in the development world.
Hardware and software are the two main components. The hardware includes pH sensor for
measuring real-time values, a microcontroller device for converting analogue values to digital values,
a Wi-Fi module connects the hardware and software. In terms of software, we created a programme
using the embedded C programming language.
At the first phase of construction, the system of the webserver and interconnection between
components and sensors are connected on it. To view the output, the webserver created has access to
the IP address to view the results loaded. When the system is turned on, dc current is sent to the kit
and the microcontroller device, and the Wi-Fi is turned on. Water parameters are examined one by
one, and the results are displayed on the webserver access to the IP address provided by the Wi-Fi
module.
The software that came with the hotspot displays the exact value of measurements on the
webserver . As a result, when the kit is placed near a specific body of water and Wi-Fi is available,
we may view its real-time value on our electronic devices anytime and anywhere we are.
C. METHODOLOGY
In this project, we are using pH sensor as our main sensor. Students are instructed by the lecturer to
setup a sensor and interconnects it into a web server. After that, students have to show how the server
is tested functionally and test all the interconnections. As what most engineers know, pH sensor is a
device to help measure the acidity or alkalinity of the water with a value between 0-15. When the pH
value dips down below seven, the water starts to become more acidic. Any number above seven
equates to more alkaline. Each type of pH sensor works differently to measure the quality of water.
In order to start this project, building a project called Water Quality Monitoring System is
necessary because it happens to be using the same sensor as our assignment which are pH Sensor.
However, completing the project without the webserver code is enough for starters. This will allow
us to complete the task one-by-one without actually having to deal with a lot of problem at the same
time. In the coding for the pH sensor to work, Only two types of library required which are
ESP8266Wifi and ESP8266WebServer. ESP8266Wifi are used to make sure the ESP8266 is
available online while ESP8266WebServer library are used to make sure the ESP8266 are able to
interconnect with webserver online. For the circuit diagram, Vin of pH sensor needs to be connected
into 3.3V pin in the NodeMCU ESP8266. Ground need to be connected into Ground pin and finally
A0 pin need to be connected in A0 pin in the NodeMCU ESP8266. The reason pin A0 is chosen are
because in the coding, an “analogPin = A0;” are used. This shows that the A0 pin needs to be use in
order for the sensor to be working simultaneously with the NodeMCU ESP8266. Next is just finish
all the coding for pH sensor and you are done for your project.
Next, we need to extend the project by adding an interconnecting WebServer by using
function of SendHTML. For starters, use coding of ESP8266WebServer server() in order to choose
your desired server. Next is to make sure your NodeMCU is connected to Wi-Fi. If the Wi-Fi is not
connected, always give it an error, and if it is working, just let it proceed into the next code line. Next
is to use server.on and server.begin code. This code is for the function of server to start to allow the
NodeMCU ESP8266 connect into online server. After finish setup the server, can just proceed into
using the function of SendHTML. The function of SendHTML is to allow us to coding in html
language by using Arduino IDE. Everything can be done in only one app. However, using the
original html index is also doable, however, the method to upload the data is a bit different.
Furthermore, in order to check the results, upload the coding into NodeMCU ESP8266. After
that, go to Tools and click ESP8266 Sketch Data Upload. If there is no option of Sketch Data
Upload, go to Google and download the zip file online. Next step is to make sure the Sketch Data
and Upload is done without any error. If there is no error, turn on Serial Monitor and see the results.
The results should come as it testing the Wi-Fi. If the Wi-Fi is successfully connected in NodeMCU,
the Serial Monitor will show the results of its IP Address. Next is , the Serial Monitor will Autoscroll
and show the results of the pH Value. If you want to check the results online, just simply use the IP
Address results on your own web browser. It will display the results of the pH Value online. If the
results of pH Value is between 0-14, it means the pH value is working and the project is working
successfully.
D. RESULTS
I. THE SETUP STEP/PICTURE

II. CODE FOR THE SETUP

III. FLOW OF THE SETUP/ SERIAL MONITOR
DISCUSSIONS:
In this assignments, student are able to work with different type of sensors such as pH sensor,
ultrasonic sensor and many more. Students also are able to create their own web server and make the
sensor to work simultaneously interconnecting with the Web Server. Student had learned on how to
upload the data from Arduino IDE into the HTML and also file Server. We are able to determine
what is the function of web server, the advantages of IoT, its limitations, usefulness, its cost and
many more.
For its advantages of IoT is that it can improved productivity and reduced human labor. For
example, having an IoT to control everything from far is very convenient for human being as
everything can be done with a simple touch. IoT also can improved the uses of resources and assests.
This is because the automated scheduling and monitoring implemented with the help of
interconnected sensors enable higher efficiency of resource use, such as power management and
water consumption. A simple motion detectors may have significant sums of money in electricity and
water bills, this making both small and large businesses more productive and eco-friendly.
Next is limitations of IoT. IoT is a great tools however it also has its own llimitations. We
have learned that lack of security is one of the limitations in IoT. This is because as an IoT systems
are interconnected and communicate over networks, the system offers a little control despite any
security measures, and it can be lead into various kinds of network attacks such as virus and
malware. IoT also has low level of privacy compared to its opposite which is human interaction. This
can be tested because even without the active participation on the user, the IoT system provides
substantial personal data in maximum detail. Finally the last limitations of IoT is the complexitiy of
it. The designing, developing and maintaining and enabling the large technology to IoT system is
quite complicated. It does takes a lot of skills for you to setup and IoT that is for large technology,
however, it is very doable and also beneficial towards technology and human being.
We also have learned the advantages of web server in IoT. In this assignments, we have
learned that one of the advantages of Web Server is the interactions. This is because a web server
always provides the opportunity to interact with the hosting provider. For instance, if the user needs
to know the mechanism behind the web server, they will be able to communicate and get the
knowledge.
In terms of configurations, the log files present in a web server is made easy to configure.
They can be configured to an order preferred by the user. Configuring web files paves the way for
analyzing operations within an operating system and web traffic. This proves that having a web
server, the operations of it is very flexible and everything can be recorded because it is using an
online server.
Next advantages of Web Server is its sharing resources. This is because whenever there is
new requests, a web server does not allow sharing of resources such as processor, hard drive or the
bandwidth with others since it is not a shared host. Even under the condition of obtaining virtual
internet hosing. This means that the web server is not easily corrupted and any sharing resources
need to be admitted by the admin itself for it to work.
CONCLUSION:

To conclude, in this research students are able to create a webserver with a sensor interconnection
that allows monitoring whenever the IoT device is connected to Wi-Fi. The sensor that is connected
to the microcontroller device that has Wi-Fi access enables monitoring of the pH level of any liquid
substance. The webservers are used to give information on the sensor and monitor the sensors
reference values of the liquid substance that it is measuring in order to ensure the quality of the
substance whether it is safe or not. Moreover, this type of research gives a lot of advantages to
people nowadays to reduce human labor where it can be used to monitor the sensor values remotely
as long as it is connected to Wi-Fi. Furthermore, this system can also improve the quality of safety
where it can reduce risks of human getting into dangerous situations, where the pH sensor can detect
the levels of acidity and alkalinity of the substance. Therefore, this system shows the capability if
using webservers with sensors interconnected to it can increase the productivity of the work where
we can monitor something without going far places and also increase the safety of humans getting
into dangerous activities just to get the latest information or readings on something.
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