MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO. 4
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE

14 Go, Josh Emrick, D. Date Performed: June 22, 2023

ME152L-2/ E03 Date Submitted: June 29, 2023
2018131019

Engr. Teodulo A. Valle

INSTRUCTOR GRADE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objectives 1

Theories and Principles 1

List of Apparatus 3

Procedure 5

Set-up of Apparatus 7

Final Data Sheet 8

Computation 9

Test Data Analysis 11

Questions with Answers/ Problems with Solution 12

Conclusion 14

Recommendation 15

Reference/s 16

Preliminary Data Sheet 17

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Objective:

 To be able to familiarize the basic components of an air-conditioning system.

 To be able to determine the coefficient of performance of the M.E laboratory air-
conditioning unit.

Theory and Principle:

Air conditioning is a complex field that relies on various theories and principles to
provide comfortable indoor environments. One fundamental principle is thermodynamics, which
governs the transfer of heat from one location to another. The laws of thermodynamics, such as
the first and second laws, guide the design and operation of air conditioning systems (Wang et
al., 2018).

Heat transfer plays a crucial role in air conditioning. The three main modes of heat
transfer—conduction, convection, and radiation—facilitate the movement of heat between
different components of the system and between the indoor and outdoor environments.
Understanding these modes of heat transfer helps in optimizing the design and performance of
air conditioning units (Zhang et al., 2020).

The refrigeration cycle is another fundamental principle in air conditioning. This cycle
involves the circulation of refrigerant through various components, including the compressor,
condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. By undergoing phase changes, the refrigerant
absorbs heat from indoor spaces in the evaporator and releases it to the outdoor environment in
the condenser, resulting in cooling (Incropera et al., 2020).

Psychrometrics is an essential theory in air conditioning that deals with the properties of
air and water vapor mixtures. It encompasses parameters such as temperature, humidity, and dew
point, which are crucial for determining the comfort and quality of indoor air. Proper
understanding and application of psychrometric principles aid in achieving optimal indoor
conditions (Kreider et al., 2019).

Energy efficiency is a significant concern in air conditioning. Principles of energy

conservation, system optimization, and control strategies help minimize energy consumption
while providing effective cooling. Proper system sizing, insulation, use of high-efficiency

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components, and advanced control systems contribute to energy-efficient operation (ASHRAE,
2017).

Moreover, air conditioning systems also impact indoor air quality (IAQ). Adequate
ventilation, air filtration, and humidity control are essential for maintaining a healthy and
comfortable indoor environment. Properly designed and operated air conditioning systems help
remove contaminants, control moisture levels, and ensure sufficient fresh air supply (ASHRAE,
2020).

The coefficient of performance (COP) is a fundamental concept in the field of air

conditioning that measures the efficiency of a cooling system. It represents the ratio of the
desired cooling effect (usually measured as the amount of heat removed from the conditioned
space) to the input energy required to achieve that cooling effect. A higher COP indicates a more
efficient system, as it implies that more cooling is achieved per unit of energy consumed. The
COP is influenced by various factors, including the design of the system, the efficiency of the
components (such as the compressor and heat exchangers), and the operating conditions. The
COP can be expressed in terms of cooling capacity and power input, and different variations of
COP exist depending on the specific application or context (ASHRAE, 2017; Wang et al., 2018).

Formulas:

A. Coefficient of Performance (Theoretical)

h 1−h4
CO PTheoretical =
h2−h1

B. Coefficient of Performance (Actual)

h1−h 4 '
CO P Actual =
h2 '−h1

C. Coefficient of Performance (Vapor Compression)

T sat .evap
C O PVC =
T sat. carnot −T sat . Evap

D. Coefficient of Performwance (Carnot)

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 TL
CO PCarnot =
T H L −T L

LIST OF APPARATUS:
 Thermal System T7082

 Environmental Application System T7083

 Hygrometer

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 Stop watch

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PROCEDURE:

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Set-up Apparatus:

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 Figure 1. M.E Laboratory Air-Condition Unit layout

Final Data Sheet:

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 Gauge Number Pressure Enthalpy-Theoretical Temperature Enthalpy-Actual
(Mpa) (KJ-KG) (℃ ) (KJ-KG)
1 0.300 249.59 3.33 250.7070
2 1.240 376.9144 57 282.94
3 1.240 117.66 32 94.39
4 0.300 117.66 -1.11 94.39

Condition COPideal COPactual COPVapor comp COPcarnot

Pressure Pressure & Saturation Temperature
Temperature Temperature
Damper Open 4.59 5.20 5.99 24.89

Condenser 4.43 4.8476 5.72 26.7935

Damper
Adjusted
Evaporator 4.5957 5.5251 5.7672 23.8293
Damper
Adjusted

COMPUTATION

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Theoretical

h1 =h g @ 0.300 MPa

0.28−0.300 246.52−h2 0.9197−s1

= =
0.28−0.32 0 246.52−248.66 0.9197−0.9177

kj
h1 =247.59
kg

kj
s1=0.9187
kg

h2 @1.240 MPa ; s 1=s2

Interpolation at 1.20 Mpa

0.9164−0.9187 275.52−h@ 1.20 kj

= =h@ 1.20=276.2753
0.9164−0.9527 275.52−287.44 kg

Interpolation at 1.40 Mpa

0.9003−0.9187 273.40−h@ 1.40 kj

= [email protected] =279.4707
0.9003−0.9297 273.40−287.44 kg

Interpolation at 1.240 Mpa

1.20−1.240 273.2753−h2 kj
= =h2=276.9144
1.20−1.40 276.2753−279.4707 kg

h f =h3=h 4

1.20−1.240 115.76−h3 kj
= =h3=117.66
1.20−1.40 115.76−125.26 kg

COPTheoretical

h1−h 4 247.59−117.66
CO Ptheoretical = = =4.43
h2−h1 276.9144−247.59

Actual

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 h1 =h g @ 0.300 MPa; 3.33℃

Interpolation at 0.28 Mpa;3.33 ℃

0 ℃−3.33 ℃ 24 7.64−h0.2 8 kj
= =h0.28=2 50.7070
0 ℃−10 ℃ 24 7.64−256.76 kg

Interpolation at 0.32 Mpa;3.33 ℃

2.4 8 ℃−0.300℃ 24 8.66−h 0.3 2 kj

= =h =2 49.4501
2.4 8 ℃−10 ℃ 24 8.66−2 55.65 @ 0 . 3 2 kg

Interpolation at 0.300 Mpa;3.33 ℃

0.28−0.300 250.7070−h2 kj
= =h@ 1.20=2 50.08
0.28−0.32 0 25 0.7070−24 9.4501 kg

h2 @1.240 MPa ; 57 ℃

Interpolation at 1.20 Mpa

50℃−57 ℃ 275.52−h@ 1.20 kj

= [email protected] =2 83.864
50℃−60 ℃ 275.52−28 3.10 kg

Interpolation at 1.40 Mpa

52.43℃−60 ℃ 273.40−h@ 1.40 kj

= =h@ 1.40=279. 2559
52.43℃−60 ℃ 273.40−28 3.10 kg

Interpolation at 1.240 Mpa

1.20−1.240 2 83.864−h2 kj
= =h =2 82.94
1.20−1.40 2 83.864−27 9.2559 2 kg

h f =h3=h 4

kj
h f @1.24 ;32℃ =94.39
kg

COPActual

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 h1−h 4 ' 2 50.7070−94.39
CO P Actual = = =4. 8496
h2 '−h1 282.94−2 50.7070

COPVapor Compression

T sat . evap −1.23 ℃+273 ° k

CO PVC = = =5.72
T sat .carnot −T sat . Evap ( 46.32 ℃+273 ° k )−(−1.23℃ +273 ° k )

COPCarnot

TL 11.6 ℃+273 ° k
CO PCarnot = = =26.7985
T H L −T L ( 22.22℃+ 273° k )−(11.6 ℃+ 273° k )

TEST DATA ANALYSIS:

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 To conduct a thorough analysis of the coefficient of performance (COP) data for air
conditioning, we have been provided with gauge readings, enthalpy values, and additional
information about various conditions and their corresponding COP values. The gauge readings
consist of pressure, theoretical enthalpy, actual enthalpy, and temperature measurements for four
gauge numbers. These readings play a crucial role in the calculation of the COP, which serves as
an indicator of the air conditioning system's efficiency.

In addition to the gauge readings, we have specific conditions that are associated with
their respective COP values. These conditions are categorized as "Damper Open," "Condenser
Damper Adjusted," and "Evaporator Damper Adjusted." For each condition, we are given ideal
COP, actual COP, vapor compression COP, and Carnot COP values.

To determine the COP, various parameters, including pressure, enthalpy, and

temperature, are considered. The theoretical enthalpy represents the expected enthalpy value
based on the given pressure and temperature, providing a theoretical baseline for comparison. On
the other hand, the actual enthalpy represents the measured enthalpy value, obtained from the
gauge readings.

By comparing the actual COP values to the ideal COP, vapor compression COP, and
Carnot COP values for each specific condition, we gain insights into the system's efficiency
under different settings or modifications. This analysis allows us to evaluate the performance of
the air conditioning system and identify potential areas for improvement. It guides us in
optimizing the system design, enhancing energy efficiency, and making well-informed decisions
regarding air conditioning applications.

By carefully examining the provided data, analyzing the COP values, and considering the
relationships between pressure, enthalpy, temperature, and the specific conditions, we can gain a
comprehensive understanding of the air conditioning system's performance. This knowledge
empowers us to make informed decisions and implement strategies that maximize energy
efficiency, reduce costs, and improve overall system operation.

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QUESTION WITH ANSWERS

 What is air conditioning?

Air conditioning refers to the process of cooling, dehumidifying, and ventilating
indoor spaces to create a comfortable and controlled environment.
 What is the coefficient of performance (COP) in air conditioning?
The coefficient of performance (COP) is a measure of the efficiency of an air
conditioning system. It is calculated as the ratio of the desired cooling effect (heat
removed from the conditioned space) to the input energy required to achieve that
cooling effect. A higher COP indicates a more efficient system.
 How is the coefficient of performance (COP) determined in air conditioning systems?
The COP is typically calculated by dividing the cooling capacity (in BTU/h or
kW) by the power input (in watts) of the air conditioning system. It represents the
amount of cooling achieved per unit of energy consumed.
 What factors affect the coefficient of performance (COP) in air conditioning?
Several factors can influence the COP of an air conditioning system. These
include the design and efficiency of the system's components (such as the compressor
and heat exchangers), the operating conditions (such as temperature and humidity),
and the maintenance and cleanliness of the system.
 Why is the coefficient of performance (COP) important in air conditioning?
The COP is important because it indicates the energy efficiency of an air
conditioning system. A higher COP means that the system can provide more cooling
per unit of energy consumed, resulting in lower energy costs and reduced
environmental impact.

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CONCLUSION:

To conclude the experiment, through the analysis of the provided data, we have become
familiar with the fundamental components of an air-conditioning system and successfully
determined the coefficient of performance (COP) for the M.E laboratory air-conditioning unit.
Our examination of gauge readings, enthalpy values, and additional information has provided
valuable insights into the system's efficiency and overall performance. The assessment of COP
values has emphasized the significance of considering factors such as pressure, enthalpy, and
temperature when evaluating an air-conditioning system's effectiveness. The COP serves as a
crucial measurement for assessing energy efficiency and the system's ability to effectively cool a
given space. By comparing actual COP values to ideal COP, vapor compression COP, and
Carnot COP values, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of the system's performance
across various conditions.

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RECOMMENDATION:

Base on the findings and conclusion of the experiment, I recommend strategies to

enhance the efficiency of the air-conditioning system. These recommendations encompass
optimizing the system's design, incorporating energy-efficient components, implementing
advanced control techniques, and ensuring regular maintenance and cleanliness. By
implementing these measures, we can improve the energy efficiency of the air-conditioning unit,
decrease energy consumption, and reduce the system's environmental impact.

It is important to acknowledge that further analysis and experimentation may be required

to fully comprehend the performance of the air-conditioning system and identify specific areas
for enhancement. Moreover, adhering to local regulations and standards concerning air-
conditioning systems is vital to ensure compliance and foster sustainability.

By continuously monitoring and evaluating the coefficient of performance and

implementing improvement measures, we can establish a more energy-efficient and sustainable
air-conditioning system that delivers optimal comfort while minimizing energy usage and
environmental consequences, not only in the M.E laboratory but also in similar applications.

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Reference/s:

 ASHRAE. (2017). ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. Atlanta, GA:

 ASHRAE. ASHRAE. (2020). ASHRAE Handbook: HVAC Systems and Equipment.
Atlanta, GA:
 ASHRAE. Incropera, F. P., DeWitt, D. P., Bergman, T. L., & Lavine, A. S. (2020).
 Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons. Kreider, J. F., Rabl,
A., & Curtiss, P. (2019).
 Heating and Cooling of Buildings: Design for Efficiency (3rd ed.). CRC Press. Wang,
S., Xiao, F., & He, J. (2018).
 Thermodynamic Analysis of Air Conditioning Systems: A Review. Energy
Conversion and Management, 169, 96-110. Zhang, H., Jiang, Y., Du, Z., & He, Y.
(2020).
 Advances in Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers for Air Conditioning Applications:
A Review. Energy Conversion and Management, 222, 113184.

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