1.

Atoms, Elements and Compounds

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the locations of protons, neutrons and
electrons and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table as well as
complete simple word and symbol equations. I can also understand that transition metals are
metals with similar properties.

I do

Q1. What is the best definition of a compound?

A substance made up of two or

more elements that are
chemically combined

A substance made up of two or

more elements that are
chemically combined in fixed
proportions

A substance made up of two

elements that are chemically
combined in fixed proportions

(1)

(b)  Substance B contains two types of atoms.

The atoms are chemically combined together in fixed proportions.

Which type of substance is B?

Tick (✓) one box.

Compound

Metallic element

Mixture
 Q2.

Compound Number of atoms Formula

Hydrochloric acid HCl

Ammonia NH3

Calcium Carbonate CaCO3

(3)

We do

Name of substance Chemical Formula Element(s)

H2O

Magnesium Oxide MgO

Carbon dioxide CO2

Methane CH4

Iron Iron

Aluminium Oxide Al2O3

(6)
You do

The diagram below shows a molecule.

Explain why this is an example of an element and not a compound.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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Independent work

Q1. Match the common substances listed below with the correct diagram, using the key.

(5)
Q2. Sort out the following substances into the table. Each substance should be written in one
column only.

Elements Compounds

(2)

Q3. For each compound, write down the number of elements and the number of atoms.

(7)
Q4. Complete the table to show which of the properties describe compounds and which describe
mixtures.

Property Compound or mixture

The substance has different properties to the

element it is made from.

The elements can only be separated using

chemical reactions

Each substance can be separated easily

The different elements are chemically joined

together

You cannot vary the amount of each element

The different substances are not chemically join

together

Each substance keeps its own properties

You can vary the amount of each substance

Q5. Bicarbonate Soda is used for cooking. It has the formula NaHCO3

a)  How many elements are there in bicarbonate soda?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)  Use the periodic table to name each element in bicarbonate soda.
___________________________________________________________________

(1)
 (c)  How many atoms are there in bicarbonate soda?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d)  For each element in bicarbonate soda, say how many atoms there are.
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(4)
Challenge question
The electronic structure of a neon atom shown in Figure 2 is not correct.

Explain what is wrong with the electronic structure shown in Figure 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
 2. Structure of the atom

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the charge, locations of subatomic particles
and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table.

I do
This question is about atomic structure.

Figure 1 represents an atom of element Z.

Figure 1

(a)  Name the parts of the atom labelled A and B.

Choose answers from the box.

electron neutron nucleus proton

A _________________________________________________________________

B _________________________________________________________________
(2)
We do
The diagram shows an atom.

(a) On the diagram, write the names of structures A, B, C and D.

(4)

You do

The diagram represents the electronic structure of an atom of an element.

The periodic table on the Data Sheet may help you with this question.

(a) Name this element.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Complete this sentence.

The nucleus of an atom contains neutrons and _________________________ .

(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Independent work

Q1. The diagram shows the structure of a lithium atom.

(a) (i) What is represented by ________________________________________

(ii) What is represented by ______________________________________

(2)

(b) What is the symbol for lithium? ________________________________________

(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q2. Magnesium burns in oxygen.Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this
question.

The word equation for magnesium burning is:

magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

Draw one line from each substance to its correct description.

Substance Description

compound

magnesium

metal

magnesium oxide

mixture

oxygen

non-metal

(3)

(b) The diagram represents a magnesium atom.

Complete the table to show the name of each particle and the charge of each particle in the
magnesium atom.

Name of particle Charge

proton +1

neutron ______

_________________ −1

(2)

(c) Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

core.

In a magnesium atom, the protons and

(i) nucleus.
neutrons are in the

shell.

(1)

atomic number

The number of protons in a magnesium

(ii) mass number.
atom is the

group number.

(1)

(iii) The sum of the protons and neutrons in a magnesium

atomic number.
 atom is the mass number.

group number.

(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q4. There are eight elements in the second row (lithium to neon) of the periodic table.

(a) Figure 1 shows an atom with two energy levels (shells).

(i) Complete Figure 1 to show the electronic structure of a boron atom.

(1)

(ii) What does the central part labelled Z represent in Figure 1?

____________________________________
(1)

(iii) Name the subatomic particles in part Z of a boron atom.

Give the relative charges of these subatomic particles.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

Q5. Use the Periodic Table of Elements on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

(a) Describe, in as much detail as you can, the structure of a fluorine atom.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Complete the diagram to show the electronic structure of a magnesium atom.

(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Challenge

The electronic structure of a neon atom shown in Figure 2 is not correct.

Explain what is wrong with the electronic structure shown in Figure 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
 3. The periodic table

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can describe the key features of an atom including the locations of subatomic particles and I can
describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table including describing trends in groups as
well as complete/ balance simple word and symbol equations (inc atomic mass calculations). I
can also describe the difference between transition metals and Group 1 elements.

I do
The modern periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in terms of their atomic structures.
Explain how.

The elements are arranged in ___________.

Elements in the same group or column have the same number of _____________ in the outer or
outermost ___________.
The number of shells _____________ down the group.
Elements in the same period / row have the same number of ________________.
The number of protons / electrons ____________ across period
The atomic numbers give the number of _______________.
The atomic number gives the number of _______________..
[5 marks]

We do
Table 1 shows the electron arrangement of the atoms of four elements. The letters are not the
correct symbol for the elements.

Give the letter or letters that matches the description of the elements given. Use Table 1 to help
you answer. [5 marks]

An element in group 4 of the periodic table ______________________________________

Elements with a full outer shell ______________________________________

An element that has one electron in its outer shell ______________________________________

Unreactive elements ______________________________________

You do
Part of the Periodic Table is shown. It includes the symbols for six elements.

(a) Write the symbol for carbon. ___________________________________________

(1)

(b) (i) Put the symbol Cl, for chlorine, into its correct position in the Table.
(1)

(ii) Bromine, chlorine, fluorine and iodine are halogens. Which one of these halogens is
least reactive?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) The alkali metals form Group 1 in the Periodic Table. Write the symbol of the most
reactive alkali metal shown in the Table above.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Write the symbol for an element which is in the same Group as sodium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Independent work
Total 5 marks)

Q1. Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.
(a) Write the symbol for helium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Write the name of an element in Group 4.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) Write the name of the element which has a relative atomic mass of 64.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Write the name of the element with the next highest atomic number after Te (tellurium)
in the periodic table.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Q2. (a) Choose from the names of elements in the box the answers to the questions which
follow.

aluminium carbon chlorine copper

helium iron magnesium sodium

Give the name of:

(i) an alkali metal

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) a halogen

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) a noble gas

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The alkali metals are in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. The elements in Group 1 have
a number of similar properties.

(i) Describe one chemical property which they have in common.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Describe one physical property which they have in common.

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3. Part of the Periodic Table is shown below. Use the information to help you answer the
questions which follow.

(a) Write the symbol for:

(i) chlorine; _____________________

(ii) sodium. _____________________

(2)

(b) (i) What is the symbol of the element which is in Group 2 and Period 3?

____________

(ii) What name is given to Group 7?

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) The arrangement of electrons in sulphur (S) is 2.8.6.

Write the arrangement of electrons for:

(i) neon (Ne); ____________________________________________________

(1)

(ii) aluminium (Al). ________________________________________________

(1)

(d) The Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number.
What is the atomic number of an element?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) What is the name of the uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q4. Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to answer these questions. The table below gives
the electronic structures of four elements, W, X, Y and Z.

Element Electronic structure

W 2,5

X 2,7

Y 2,8,8

Z 2,8,8,1

(a) Which element W, X, Y or Z:

(i) is a Group 0 gas? __________

(ii) is nitrogen? __________

(iii) is a Group 7 gas? __________

(iv) reacts violently with water? __________

(3)

(b) Which two Groups of the periodic table do not contain any non-metals?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Challenge

Q5. The elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table were arranged in order of increasing atomic
mass. Part of the modern Periodic Table is shown.

(a) Complete the sentence by writing in the missing words.

The modem Periodic Table is arranged in order of increasing

__________________________________________ .
(1)

(b) (i) Name a metal in the same group as lithium.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Name a non-metal in the same period as magnesium.

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
 Lesson 4: Chemical Reactions

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the locations of protons, neutrons and
electrons and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table as well as
complete simple word and symbol equations. I can also understand that
transition metals are metals with similar properties.

I do
Sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid react together to produce sodium sulfate and water.

Balance the equation for the reaction and show your working.

_______NaOH + ______H2SO4 → ______Na2SO4 + ________H2O

(4)
We do
Complete the word equations for the following reactions:

Oxygen: alkali metal + oxygen → sodium oxide

E.g. sodium + oxygen → ________________________

Chlorine: alkali metal + chlorine → sodium chloride

E.g. potassium + chlorine → _________________________

Water: alkali metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen

E.g. lithium + water → __________________________

(3)

You do
Kerry made some copper sulphate crystals. She wrote a description of what she did.

I heated some dilute sulphuric acid in a beaker and added some

copper oxide to it. I stirred the mixture until it became a clear
blue colour. I added more copper oxide until no more would
react and then filter the mixture into a dish. A black solid was
left on the filter paper. I left the solution in the dish for a week
and saw that the liquid had gone and blue crystals were left.

Use the information in Kerry’s description to answer the questions below.

(a) What colour is: (i) copper sulphate solution?

__________________________
(1)
 (ii) copper oxide?
__________________________
(1)

(b) Write down a word equation for the reaction which took place in the beaker.

__________________ + __________________ → __________________ + water

(1)

Independent work
Complete the word equations for the following reactions:

Q1.
a) Potassium + oxygen → __________________

b) Sodium + ______________ → sodium oxide

c) _______________ + oxygen → lithium oxide

d) Potassium + chlorine → ________________

e) Lithium + _____________ → lithium chloride

f) ____________ + ____________ → sodium chloride

g) Potassium + water → _____________ + _____________

h) ____________ + _____________ → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

i) Lithium + _____________→ lithium hydroxide + _____________

j) ______________ + _______________ → potassium oxide

(10)
Q2.Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction.

magnesium + zinc oxide → magnesium oxide + zinc

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
(4)

Q3. A long time ago sulphuric acid was made by heating a substance called blue vitriol.

The equations below show how sulphuric acid is produced by this method.

blue vitriol copper oxide + sulphur trioxide + water

sulphur trioxide + water sulphuric acid

Name three elements contained in blue vitriol.

1. ________________________________________

2. ________________________________________

3. ________________________________________
(3)

Q4. The symbol equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is:
2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2

Complete the word equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

hydrogen peroxide → _______________ + _______________

(2)
Q5. Scientists now agree that all acids contain hydrogen.
Look at the two word equations below.

zinc + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate + hydrogen

magnesium + nitric acid magnesium nitrate + hydrogen

Complete the equation below for the reaction between iron and hydrochloric acid.

iron + hydrochloric acid _______________ + ________________

(1)
Q6.
Joanne added iron filings to copper sulphate solution.
She observed the reaction after one week.

What evidence in the diagrams shows that a chemical reaction has taken place?

____________________________________________________________________
(1)

Q7. (i) Complete the table below with the correct chemical formula of each
substance. Use the key to help you.

(1)

(i) What is the name of the substance represented by the symbol ?

__________________________________
(1)
Q8. When magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride is formed.
Which two words describe magnesium chloride?
Tick the two correct boxes.

a compound a mixture

an element a salt

a metal a solvent
(2)

Q9. Magnesium chloride is formed when magnesium reacts with an acid.

Complete the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and this acid.

magnesium + ...............................→ + ...............................

(2)

Q10. Copper can be extracted from an ore called copper pyrites. The formula of copper pyrites is
CuFeS2.

(a) Give the names of the elements present in copper pyrites.

One has been done for you.

1. copper

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________
(1)

Q11. Nitric acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate. The salt formed is a nitrate. Fill in the
boxes to complete the word equation.

(1)
Challenge Task

Here is a word equation for a chemical reaction.

copper oxide + sulphuric acid copper sulphate + water

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

(4)
 Lesson 5: The Three States of Matter
Key objective 2
BONDING, STRUCTURE & THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I can describe the key features of solids, liquids and gases as well as describe what covalent,
ionic and metallic bonds are. I can also understand the idea of nanoscience in reference to
structure.

I do
This question is about different substances and their structures.

Draw one line from each statement to the diagram which shows the structure.

Statement Structure

(4)
We do
Graph 1 shows the distribution of energy among particles in a liquid.

Explain, in terms of the particles in a liquid, why evaporation causes cooling.

You may use information from Graph 2 to help you with your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
You do
(a) Methane can be a gas, a liquid or a solid. In the diagram below, arrows P, Q, R and S
represent changes of state. The boxes on the right show the arrangement of particles of methane
in the three different physical states.
 Each circle represents a particle of methane.

(i) Draw a line from each physical state of methane to the arrangement of particles in that physical
state.
Draw only three lines.

(1)

(ii) Arrows P, Q, R and S represent changes of state.

Which arrow represents:

evaporation? ____________________________________

melting? ____________________________________

(2)

(b) Methane is the main compound in natural gas. The scale below shows the
melting point and the boiling point of methane.

Methane has three physical states: solid, liquid and gas.

(i) What is the physical state of methane at –170°C?

____________________________________

(1)

Independent work
Q1. (a) The table below shows information about five elements.

melting point boiling point conducts

element colour
(°C) (°C) electricity

A –7 59 no brown

B –218 –183 no colourless

C 1535 2750 yes silvery

D 113 445 no yellow

E 1083 2567 yes orange

(i) Which two of these elements are likely to be metals? Write the letters.

_______________ and _______________

(1)

(ii) Which element in the table is liquid at room temperature? Write the letter.

_______________

(1)

(b) What is the chemical symbol for copper? Tick the correct box.

Cr Cu C Co Ca

(1)

(c) How many atoms of iron and oxygen are there shown in the formulas for FeO and Fe2O3?

Complete the table below.

number of atoms number of atoms

compound
of iron of oxygen

FeO

Fe2O3

(2)

Q2. Solder is a mixture of lead and tin.

The melting point of solder depends on the amount of tin in the mixture.

(a) Look at the table below.

amount of tin in solder (%) melting point of solder (°C)

0 327
30 255
40 235
50 212
60 188
70 192
80 205
90 220
100 232
(i) The melting point of pure tin is 232°C.
What is the melting point of pure lead?

_______________ °C

(1)

(ii) Use the data in the table to plot the points on the grid below.
Four of the points are plotted for you.

Draw an appropriate line of best fit.

(3)

(b) Use your graph to estimate the amount of tin needed to make solder with the lowest melting
point.

_______________%

(1)

(c) Describe how the melting point of solder changes with the amount of tin in the solder.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2)
(d) The diagrams below show the arrangement of atoms in solid samples of pure lead and pure
tin.

Which box shows the correct arrangement of the lead atoms and tin atoms in a sample of solder
that has a melting point of 212°C at room temperature?
Use the table above.
Tick the correct box.

(1)

Q3. A test tube of crushed ice is taken out of a freezer and left in a warm room. The graph shows
how the temperature in the test tube changes.

(a) What is happening to the ice at stage B?

________________________
 (1)

(b) Why does the temperature of the water stop rising at 23°C (stage D)?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(c) Four descriptions of the ways molecules could move are given below.

They vibrate around fixed points.

They move past each other and are close together.

They move in straight lines, colliding occasionally.

They all move in the same direction at the same speed.

(i) How do the molecules move at stage A? Write A in the correct box above.

(1)

(ii) How do the molecules move at stage C? Write C in the correct box above.

(1)

(d) Ice from a freezer is put in a glass of water at room temperature. The ice floats in the water.

(i) What does this show about the density of the ice compared to that of water?

Tick the correct box.

Ice is more dense than water.

Ice and water have the same density.

Ice is less dense than water.

Ice has a density of zero.

(1)
(ii) The fact that ice floats in water tells us something about the distances between the
molecules. Tick the box by the correct statement.

The molecules are further apart in ice than in water.

The molecules are the same distance apart in ice and in water.

The molecules are closer together in ice than in water.

(1)

Q5. Diagram A represents a gas in a container.

The gas can be compressed by moving the piston to the right.

(a) (i) How can you tell that the substance in the container is a gas?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(ii) How can you tell from the diagram that the gas is pure?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)
(b) The piston is moved to the right as shown in diagram B.

How can you tell, from diagram B, that the pressure of the gas has increased?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(c) Diagram C shows what happened to the molecules after the gas was
compressed more.

(i) How can you tell that a chemical reaction happened when the gas was
compressed?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(ii) The mass of the gas in both diagrams B and C was 0.3 g.

Why did the mass of the gas not change when it was compressed?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(iii) Complete the table below with the correct chemical formula of each
 substance. Use the key to help you.

(1)

(iv) What is the name of the substance represented by the symbol ?

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

Challenge Task

The diagram shows a model of the particles in a gas and in a liquid.

(a) Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of particles of the same substance as a
solid.
(2)

(b) What is the name of the process when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid?

Tick one box.

Condensing

Evaporating

Freezing

Melting

(1)
(c) The substance in the diagram has a:

• melting point of 98 °C
• boiling point of 883 °C

What is the state of the substance at 20 °C?

Tick one box.

(1)

(d) What type of change is a change of state?

Tick one box.

Chemical

Kinetic

Permanent

Physical

(1)

(e) Which two statements are correct about the particles when a liquid turns into a gas?

Tick two boxes.

Particles are bigger

Particles are lighter

Particles have more chemical energy

Particles have more kinetic energy

Particles move faster

(2)
(f) Which two quantities are needed to calculate the energy required to turn a liquid into a gas
with no change in temperature?

Tick two boxes.

Mass of the liquid

Specific heat capacity of the gas

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Time the liquid is heated

(2)