CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS IN LANAO DEL NORTE: ITS

IMPACT AND UNTOLD STORIES

JUNRIEL DITCHOS LACSON

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

MARCH 2019
Children of Incarcerated Parents in Lanao Del Norte: Its Impact and Untold
Stories

An
Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Criminology
North Central Mindanao College
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

By
Junriel Ditchos Lacson
Esmael Macabanding Lumabao

March 2019
 North Central Mindanao College
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte 9211 PHILIPPINES

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science

____________________________________
Adviser
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Science in Criminology with a grade of ________.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS

_________________________________
Chairman

_______________________ ________________________
Member Member
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Science in Criminology.

JONATHAN M. SERMONA
Dean
DEDICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABSTRACT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES x

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction 1

Theoretical Framework 4

Conceptual Framework 6

Statement of the Problem 7

Scope and Limitations 8

Significance 8
 Definition of Terms 9

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literatures 10

Insights Learned from the Related Literatures 15

Related Studies 16

Parental Imprisonment 19

Insights Learned from the Related Studies 22

3 RESEARCH METHODS

Research Design 23

Research Environment 23

Research Respondents 23

Research Instruments and Their Validity 24

Data Gathering Procedures 25

Statistical Treatment 27

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA 28

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 35

Conclusions 37

Recommendations 38

REFERENCES 39

APPENDICES

A Letter for the Dean 40

B Letter for the Vice President of Academic Affairs 45

C Letter to the Head of Office in Provincial Jail Tubod 46

D. Questionnaires 47

E. Documentation 48

CURRICULUM VITAE 49
 LIST OF TABLES

TableTitle Page

1 Age Profile of the Respondents

2 Sex Profile of the Respondents

3 Impacts of Incarceration

4 Coping Mechanisms

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

A Schematic Diagram of the Study

B The Locale
 Chapter 1
The Problem and its Scope

Nowadays Illegal gambling is rampant even children engaged in this crime.

The government was having a problem in suppressing this

situation……………………………………………………………………………………

……………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

Illegal gambling brought a negative effect to the country in many aspects

like domestic violence, theft, robbery, unemployment

……………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

According to Sermona (2020) illegal gambling is a

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………..
 Moreover, Decio (2020) state that illegal gambling gave a negative impact

of the society

in……………………………………………………………………………………………

………

.................................................................................................................................

........................

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of illegal gambling to

the family specifically the family relationship, the children’s education and so on

and so forth……….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………..

This study will be conducted in the first semester of school year 2021-2022

in Maranding Lala, Lanao del Norte. The researchers are the student from the

Department of Criminology and are credible in conducting this study because this

is in line with their field of specialization.

Theoretical Framework
 The researchers in this study will anchor on the different theories that will

help them come up with the desired result. These theories are: Arousal Theory

as cited by Praveen Shrestha (2017), Cognitive Theories of Crime Jacoby

(2004), and Drive Reduction Theory by Clark Hull (1943).

Arousal Theory as cited by Praveen Shrestha (2017) states that major

reason people are driven to perform any action is to maintain the optimal level of

physiological arousal. One of the most important aspects for focus and

information processing is arousal. One of those factors that is considered to be

the most important is emotions that act as a motivating factor to bring about

certain behaviors like do or die response, sexual activity, and excitement. This

level also acts as a basis for characterizing each individual as an extrovert or an

introvert.

In relation to the study, the thrill of the game is the true motivator for

people to gamble. At first people just join the game for enjoyment, leisure, and

excitement. When they win they are motivated to play one more time.

In addition, Cognitive theory of crime by Jacoby (2004) explain criminal

behavior as a defect in moral thinking, thought processes, and mental

development. Cognitive theories also help us to understand how an individual's

personality and intelligence level are linked to delinquency…..explain on what

have you understand on the theory

In

relation………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………

Lastly, Drive Reduction Theory by Clark Hull (1943) states that

…………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………..

……………………………………………. Explain the theory based on your own

understanding.

Linking it to the study,

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………..

The above mention theory plays a vital role in the study in the since that

people are rule by motivation, arousal, and so on and so fort…. That drives them

to do what they wanted

to………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………

………………………………………
Conceptual Framework

In this part you are going to discuss the concepts of your study, the

variables that are involves, and the diagram or flow of the study.

The problem on juvenile offenders continue to grow in the society

nowadays though ……….

Figure a show the conceptual framework of the study. It can be seen that

the researchers will determined the socio- economic profile, factors that

contribute to the juvenile offenders in committing crime…….

Factors of
committing crimes

 Broken
Family
 Communica
tion Community Social
understanding Prevention program
 Finances
 Social and
Moral
Training

Extent of committing
crime

Socio-economic
Profile

 Age
 Sex
 Family
Monthly
income
 Educational
attainment /
Grade level
Statement of the Problem

This study focuses on determining the social understanding on juvenile

offenders in Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. Specifically, it will seek to answer

the following questions:

1. What is the socio-economic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Monthly family income; and

1.4 Educational attainment?

2. What are the factors that contribute to the juvenile offenders in committing

crime in terms of:

2.1 Broken family;

2.2 …………………….. and

2.3 Social and Moral training?

3. What is the extent of the juvenile offenders in committing crime?

4. What is the communities social understanding towards the juvenile

offenders?

5. Is there a significant difference between the communities social

understanding and the socio-economic profile when group according to

educational attainment?
 6. Is there a significant relationship between the factors that contribute to the

juvenile offenders in committing crime and communities social

understanding?

7. Is there a significant relationship between the extent of the juvenile

offenders in committing crime and communities social understanding?

8. Based on the findings of the study, what prevention program can be

drawn?

Correlate

IV vs DV

Iv vs Intervening V

DV vs Intervening

Hypotheses

Hypotheses in null forms were formulated and to be tested empirically at

0.05 level of significance.

Ho1: There is no significant difference between the communities social

understanding and the socio-economic profile when group according to

educational attainment?
 Ho2: There is no significant relationship between the factors that contribute

to the juvenile in committing crime and communities social understanding?

Ho3: There is no significant relationship between the extent of the juvenile

offenders in committing crime and communities social understanding?

Scope and Limitations

In this part you are going to discuss the range of the research study and its

boundaries this may include the place of the study, the time frame, the

respondents, and the research design.

Scope and Limitations

on the juvenile offenders in Abaga, Lala, Lanao del Norte. It also aims to identify

how kind is the community on the juvenile offenders.

This study will be conducted in Purok 1, Abaga, Lala, Lanao del Norte,

which the said purok have several reported juvenile offenders. The respondents

of the study will be 100 residents living in the said place. The study will utilize a

descriptive-correlational research design and use the questionnaires as an

instrument in gathering the data. The time frame of the study will be in the first

semester of school year 2021-2022.

Significance
 The researchers believe that the following individual/group would benefit

from this study:

Community. The community will stretch their patience and understanding

on juvenile offenders and help them refrain from committing crime.

Parents. This study will help them to encourage their children to refrain

from drinking liquor, going with negative peers, joining fraternity. Further, this

study will encourage them to spend more time with their children.

Barangay officials.

…….

…….

Police officer.

Municipal link social worker.

Definition of Terms

The following term will be defined operationally.

Juvenile offenders. In this study, this term is referring to the children

whose age is less than 18 years and who committed crime.

Social understanding.

Community social understanding.

Health condition.