Major Provinces

and Climate
Philippines

oArchipelago of 7, 107 islands

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 1.
The Major Provinces

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 “
Philippines is divided into 3 main
island regions – the Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao.

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 LUZON
✘ Northern region, largest island
✘ The name is derived from the
word lusong – a large wooden
mortar used in dehusking rice.
✘ Regions: Ilocos Region, Cagayan
Valley, Central Luzon, Calabarzon,
Mimaropa, Bicol Region, CAR, NCR

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 LUZON
✘ The Filipino revolt against Spanish rule began on Luzon in 1896. US
forces wrested control of the islands from Spain in 1898, and the
Philippine insurrection against US rule broke out in 1899.
✘ On December 10, 1941, Japanese forces invaded the island in
several locations, and the Allied forces made their last stand on
the Bataan peninsula and Corregidor in early 1942. After a major
landing from Lingayen Gulf (January), a bloody battle for Manila
(February), and protracted mop-up operations that lasted until
June, Luzon was liberated (1945).

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 LUZON
✘ Leads in industry and agriculture
(rice, corn, coconuts, sugarcanes,
bananas, etc.)
✘ Major regional languages include:
Tagalog, Ilocano, Bicolano,
Kampampangan, and Pangasinan

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 VISAYAS
✘ Central region
✘ Derived from the word Srivijaya,
“Sri” – prosperous and “Vijaya” -
excellent
✘ Regions: Western Visayas (Region
VI), Central Visayas (Region VII)
and Eastern Visayas (Region VIII)

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 VISAYAS
✘ The Visayans first encountered Western Civilization when
Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reached the island of
Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521. The Visayas became part of the
Spanish colony of the Philippines and the history of the Visayans
became intertwined with the history of the Philippines.

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 VISAYAS
✘ Languages:
• Cebuano (about 20M native
speakers)
• Hiligaynon (9M speakers)
• Waray-Waray (6M speakers)
✘ Known for mangoes, scenic drives,
bus services, and multitude of
small islands to explore, dive or
snorkel at.

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 MINDANAO
✘ Southern region
✘ Named after Maguindanao who
constituted the largest Sulunate.
✘ 6 regions: Zamboanga Peninsula,
Northern Mindanao, Caraga
Region, Soccskargen, and
Bangsamora.

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 MINDANAO
✘ 13th century Arab traders from Malaysia and Indonesia most of
the indigenous population of Tausug, Maranao and Maguindanao
are converted into Islam except Subano, Talandig and Higaonon. 
✘ 14th century, the first mosque in the Philippines was built in the
town of Simunul. 
✘ Late 16th and early 17th centuries, first contact with Spain and
Islam is established in Mindanao. 
✘ 17th and 18th centuries suggested that the named used to refer to
the island of Mindanao by the powerful natives at the time. 
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 MINDANAO
✘ Economy: Agriculture, forestry and
fishing make up 40% of Mindanao’s
market.
✘ Languages: Most commonly used is
Cebuano (29.19%), followed by
Bisaya (27.07%), Hiligyanon (7.87%),
Tausung (4.13%), and Maguindanaon
(4.7%)

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 2.
The Climate
The average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a
climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons,
rainfall, and sunshine (Climateurope, 2020).

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 Philippines has only 2 seasons
WET SEASON DRY SEASON
✘ June to November ✘ December to May
✘ Heavy rains brought by ✘ Cool dry season – Dec to Feb
Southwest Monsoon (Habagat) ✘ Hot dry season – March to May

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 LA NIÑA EL NIÑO
✘ Described by PAGASA as ✘ A phenomenon characterized
“cooler than normal sea by long periods of hot dry
surface temperature in Eastern season.
Pacific covering the coast of ✘ Warm water from Peru is slowly
Peru and warmer than SST over brought by the north
the Western Pacific equatorial current across the
(Philippines) Pacific Ocean and to the
✘ Creates a wet climate (heavy Philippines.
rainfall) during dry season. ✘ Creates a dry climate during
rainy season.
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 Climate types
There are four (4) recognized climate types in the Philippines,
and are based on the distribution of rainfall.

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 TYPE I
Type I

Type II

✘ Two seasons pronounced: Dry Type III

season from November to April. Type IV

Wet season for the rest of the

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 TYPE II
Type I

Type II

✘ No dry season with a Type III

pronounced rainfall from Type IV

November to January.
✘ Found mostly in areas of
Camarines Sur/Norte, Samar,
Leyte, and Eastern Mindanao.

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 TYPE III
Type I

Type II

✘ Seasons are not very Type III

pronounced, relatively dry from Type IV

November to April, and wet

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 TYPE IV
Type I

Type II

✘ Rainfall is more or less evenly Type III

distributed throughout the year. Type IV

✘ Found in Northeastern Luzon,

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 CLIMATE IN LUZON
✘ Luzon is hot, oppressive, and overcast. Over the course of the year,
the temperature typically varies from 77°F to 87°F and is rarely
below 74°F or above 90°F and mostly Luzon is prone to typhoons.
✘ Rainy season falls in the month of June until October. Luzon has dry
periods in January to April.
✘ August is the most wet month. The warmest month in Luzon is May
with an average maximum temperature of 34°C (93°F).

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CLIMATE IN LUZON

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 CLIMATE IN VISAYAS
✘ Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from
72°F to 93°F and is rarely below 69°F or above 97°F.
✘ The clearer part of the year in New Visayas begins around
December 25 and lasts for 4.1 months.
✘ On March 5, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly
clear, or partly cloudy 33% of the time, and overcast or mostly
cloudy 67% of the time.
✘ The cloudier part of the year begins around April 29 and lasts for 7.9
months.
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CLIMATE IN VISAYAS

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 CLIMATE IN MINDANAO
✘ Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is one of the warmest
region in the Philippines with an average daily high temperature
of 33 degrees centigrade.
✘ High humidity and high temperatures are making the weather
pleasant at times, but also and partly tropical hot and humid.
✘ Highs range from 92.9°F (33.8°C) and 91.3°F (32.9°C) with similar
temperatures in the later months. Rain is very common with 9 to
14 days of significant precipitation per month.

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CLIMATE IN MINDANAO

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✘ The Philippines, which is located along the Pacific
typhoon belt, is visited by an ave. of 20 typhoons per
year.
✘ Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) which entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) on Nov. 6, 2013,
was deadliest typhoon that hit the country.
✘ Over 14M people were affected across 46 provinces. It
destroyed 1,140,332 houses and damaged a total of
19.6 Billion pesos worth of Infrastructures and 20.3
Billion pesos worth of Agriculture

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 Reflection:
• ADELINO – “I learned a lot in researching about the history of Mindanao. The history of Mindanao
was interesting, the word Mindanao is named after the Maguindanao who constituted the largest
Sulunate. Mindanao was one of the most powerful natives in 17th to 18th centuries. I learned that
Mindanao is the second largest island in the Philippines but their faith is bigger than their island. I
found out that Mindanao is one of the warmest regions in the Philippines. Knowing this region,
makes me want to go there and get to know it better.”
• DANIEL - “This activity created an opportunity for us to learn about the major islands and climate
of our country. We got to know this important knowledge that other people might see as trivial
only while researching. We even got to understand the climate of Philippines and I believe that each
one of us who took part in this activity was able to expand their knowledge.”
• DELA CRUZ – “Through this topic, I have learned al ot of things especially in the history of the Luzon
and that is one of the part that is assigned to me and my partner. So we live in Visayas, that is why I
am glad to know something about Luzon, including Visayas and Mindanao too. It is very fun and
interesting to discover other things and places because through discovery, you can learn and share
your learnings to others.”

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 Reflection:
• JAVELONA - “Our leader divided us into pairs and gave us respective work to be done. Visayas was
the province assigned to us and i’ve learned so much about the place that I live in and realized that
there is so much more to know about the rich history of my home.”
• PONTERO – “Studying history allows us to observe and understand how people and societies
behaved. For example, we are able to evaluate war, even when a nation is at peace, by looking back
at previous events. History provides us with the data that is used to create laws, or theories about
various aspects of society.”
• TAWAG – “Understanding the history and climate of the country’s main group of islands gave us
facts that could helps us widen our knowledge. Specifically, we were given a chance to reflect the
history and climate of Mindanao. Moreover, we are able to give aim about the foresight of their
cultural roots and society.”

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 References:
LUZON & CLIMATE:
https://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines
https://www.silent-gardens.com/climate.php
https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-region-luzon-
ph,Philippines
https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/296798
https://www.britannica.com/place/Luzon
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/philippines/luzon/history
VISAYAS & CLIMATE:
https://www.panaynews.net/anything-sun-el-nino-la-nina/
https://weatherspark.com/y/141429/Average-Weather-in-New-Visayas-Philippines-Year-Round

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 References:
MINDANAO & CLIMATE:
https://www.climateurope.eu/what-is-climate-and-climate-change/
https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/iwm-network/learning_content/environmental-
background/basics_climategeography/definitions/index.html
https://www.worlddata.info/asia/philippines/climate-autonomous-region-in-muslim-mindanao.php
https://championtraveler.com/dates/best-time-to-visit-mindanao-ph/
https://www.besttimetovisit.com.ph/philippines/mindanao/
http://www.mindanao.climatemps.com/precipitation.php
https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/26/title-147/

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thank you!

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