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Linear Programming Approach- Application in Agriculture

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© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Linear Programming Approach- Application in

Agriculture
[1]
Mahak Bhatia, [2] Prof. G.M.J.Bhat
[1]
Research Scholar, [2] Professor of Mathematics

Abstract— In real scenario farm planning in terms of water

management, the type of crop to be grown, the crop Farm model
combination and different agricultural techniques applied
to increase the farm production are the challenges faced by
decision makers. These challenges are further being
associated with socio -economic development and the
scarcity of resources in particular region. To overcome
Resource
these problems faced by farm linear programming Crop Allocation Allocation Water resources
technique is applied in order to optimize the farm’s returns Allocation
by allocating the available farm resources optimally. The
aim of the study is to develop a farm model for Jaipur
District of Rajasthan by using linear programming in order Fig1: Farm Model
to determine the feasible optimal crop combination and how
these crops will be allocated to increase the production.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Index Terms—crop combination, farm planning, linear
Linear programming is an optimizing technique which is
programming
widely used to allocate the resources optimally in order to
increase the production. Pap Zoltan [1] [2008] Developed a
I. INTRODUCTION linear programming model for an agricultural farm to
maximize the total gross margin by adopting crop rotation
Agriculture sector plays a vital role in social and economic policy The results of the study reveals that the income obtain
development of India. The overall development of a sector by applying linear programming model is more than that
depends on available land and water resources. Proper obtain by binary crop rotation model. Raniraghavay & Dr.
utilization of land and water resources is very important for Rao Tirupathi P. [2] [2012] develop three multi objective
optimum agricultural production. This requires proper mathematical model for two seasons depending upon the
allocation of resources in a farm. Farmers have to take a availability of water resources and the results reveals that
complex decision as to what to grow, suitable season, optimization approach improves the annual net benefits of
available farm techniques and the required quantity. the farm under study. MajekeF.et.al. [3] [2013] develops a
Decisions are made subject to the prevailing physical and linear programming model to overcome the problem of
financial farm conditions but an uncertainty still prevails in allocation of resources faced by the resettled farmers in
a planning horizon ahead in this sector. Uncertainty may Bindura, Zimbabwe in order to enhance the farm’ income.
arise in the yield, cost of resources such as labor, seeds, Sofi, N. A. et.al. [4] [2015] use simplex algorithm to determine
manures and fertilizers. Due to the complexity of the the solution of a linear programming model developed to
agricultural sector a mathematical programming approach is determine the allocation of land to optimise the farm
applied to develop a farm model that represents complete productivity. A linear programming crop mix model for a
farm subject to the constraints in terms of mathematical finite time planning horizon under limited available
equations. Farm planning can assist the farmers in resources such as budget and land acreage, acrop-mix
allocating the available resources in an optimal manner. planning model was formulated in order to maximize the
Management of water resources and allocation of land total returns at the end of planning horizon
under limited resources such as labor, fertilizers, seeds, [5]
[Mohamad Hj. Nordin and Fatimah Said]. Kulshrestha
etc.is one of the major issues in farm model that needs to be S.K [6] observes that the growth of cereals depends on the
optimized. Generally, allocation of land under each crop is wheat. The wheat production in Rajasthan is double than
based on the land area that is used to be cultivated in the cropped area shows that the yield had improved over
previous season, depending on the availability of resources. a time.
Hence, both land and water resources for different crops
needs to be optimized by allocating the resources efficiently
to obtain the maximum production. But maximization of III. STUDY AREA
production does not guarantee the maximization of profit
Thus, it can be concluded that linear programming approach Jaipur District is located at 26°55′10″ N to 75°47′16″ E Total
is one of the tools to optimize the decision variables that geographical region of the state is 1106148 ha .Most of the
provide us with the combination of farm enterprise that is people are engaged in primary sector especially those that
feasible with respect to the set of fixed farm constraints. resides in rural regions. Net sown area of the district is about
. 663167 ha and gross sown area is about 848313 ha. Major
Kharif crops of the region includes Groundnut, Bajra, Kharif
Pulses and the crops cultivated in Rabi season are Wheat,
Mustard, Barley & Gram.
Tomato, Pea, Chili, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower etc. are

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© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
cultivated. Ber, Aonla, Bael, Guava, Lemon etc. are important METHODOLOGY
fruit crops of the district [7].
A Linear programming problem with “n “decision variables
Jaipur has a semi-arid climate. Temperatures vary in different
and “m “constraints is formulated as:
seasons. In the summer months of April to June, average
daily temperature of around 35oC. May and June are the Max.Z=∑ cixi i=1,2,3,…,n
hottest months in Jaipur. Temperature reaches up to 40-45oC
s.t. ∑ ai xi ≤ ∑ bj j=1,2,3,…,m
in these months. Annually the rainfall is concentrated in the
monsoon months between June (Last of June) and September.
xi ≥ 0
It receives over 500 mm (approx 20 inch) of rainfall an
xi= represents the decision variables (to be determined by
average. The winter months of November to February are policy makers)
mild and pleasant, with average temperatures in the 15-18oC ci= represents the cost vector
range and little or no humidity. December and January are the ai= represents activity coefficient
coldest months in Jaipur. Temperature varies between 5-10oC bj= represents the available resources
in these months. There are however occasional cold waves
that lead to temperatures near freezing [8].
The objective function is:
Table 1: Area, Production and Productivity of major
crops cultivated in the district [7]
Max.Z = 3190 x1+ 1023 x2 + 2139 x3 +726 x4
IV. Subject to constraints:

Crop Area Production Productivity Land:

(ha) (ton) (kg/ha) 157649 x1+ 114503 x2 + 9064x3 +118627 x4 ≤ 663167
Pearl millet 297162 486981 1639
Sorghum 40478 23175 573 Seeds & fertilizers:
x1+ x2 + x3 + x4 ≤ 100000
Green Gram 76260 35740 469
Cowpea 8532 4342 509
Labor:
Sesamum 6396 1682 263 x1+ x2 + x3 + x4 ≤ 200450
Groundnut 36080 68333 1894
Cluster-bean 59525 61050 1026 Non-negativity conditions:
Wheat 157649 502927 3190
Barley 60542 187003 3089 x 1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ≥ 0
Gram 118627 86174 726
Pea 9064 19390 2139 x1, x2, x3 and x4 are the decision variables for wheat,
Rapeseed 114503 117090 1023 rapeseed & mustard, peas and gram respectively .
Mustard
Taramira 9988 4549 455 V. Mathematical Formulation
Onion 3551 8436 2376
Fenugreek 2554 2510 983 The objective of the study is to maximize the farm returns by
allocating the resources optimally. Only the crops grown in
Rabi season i.e. wheat, rapeseed & mustard, peas and gram is
considered for the study. The problem is to determine the
suitable crop combination in order to get maximum profit.
The land available for cultivation is 663167 hectares. Proper
allocation of crops and the available resources is very
important in order to increase the productivity and also for the
efficient utilization of resources as Jaipur district of Rajasthan
receives erratic rainfall. Therefore, the variation in cropping
pattern is observed within district depending upon the
availability of water resources. Farms with sufficient water
prefer to cultivate peas and wheat more whereas the farms
with less availability of water grow mustard and wheat as a
major crops. Moreover, in order to increase the production
farmers adopt different farming patters such as crop rotation,
inter cropping and mixed cropping. It is observed that there is
increase in production to about 25% by adopting theses crop
policies Farmers especially the small farmers prefer to adopt
mixed cropping that includes both livestock as well as
cultivation of crops within the same farm. Livestock rearing
contributes to increases the farm returns to great extent.

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© 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

6. Kulshrestha, S. K. (2017). An Analysis of Growth of

Area, Production and Yield of Wheat Crop in
Decision Rajasthan.
Optimization Objective
Variables 7. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chomu (Jaipur), VPO – Tankarda,
Function
Dist - Jaipur (303 702) - (Rajasthan) INDIA Retrived
From:http://jaipur1.kvk2.in/district-profile.html
8. Jaipur geography and climate Retrieved From:
Fig2: Process of Linear Programming http://www.jaipurthepinkcity.com/geography/geogr
aphy_climate.htm#.XJlFLIhuaUk
Results 9. Taha A. Hamdy (2014) Operations Research an
Introduction .Ninth Edition. United States. Dorling
Result of the developed linear programming farm model is Kindersley Pvt. Ltd
obtained by using EXCEL. Result of the problem shows that
farmer can get a profit of 15,6499 Rs. The solution of the
problem yields the following results:x1= 0, x2=0, x3=
73.164938 and x4=0

A. References
1. Pap, Z. (2008, September). Crop rotation constraints
in agricultural production planning. In Intelligent
Systems and Informatics, 2008. SISY 2008. 6th
International Symposium on (pp. 1-5). IEEE
2. Rani, Y. R., & Rao, P. T. (2012). Multi objective crop
planning for optimal benefits. International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA), 2(5), 279-287.
3. Majeke F.et.al. (2013) “A Farm Resource Allocation
Problem: A Case Study of Model A2 Resettled
Farmers in Bindura, Zimbabwe”.International
Journal of Economics and Management Sciences
Vol. 2, No. 7, 2013, pp. 01-04.
4. Sofi, N. A., Ahmed, A., Ahmad, M., & Bhat, B. A.
(2015). Decision making in agriculture: A linear
programming approach. International Journal of
Modern Mathematical Sciences, 13(2), 160-169
5. Mohamad Hj. Nordin and Fatimah Said (2011) “A
mathematical programming approach to crop mix
problem.”African Journal of Agricultural Research
Vol. 6(1), pp. 191-197.Retrieved from: DOI:
10.5897/AJAR10.028

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