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CSE860 - 13 - Nondeterministic Actions

This document discusses nondeterministic actions in artificial intelligence environments. It provides examples of how an erratic vacuum cleaner that sometimes cleans adjacent squares or deposits dirt can introduce nondeterminism. It explains that solutions in nondeterministic environments require contingency plans based on percepts. The solutions are represented as trees with OR nodes for agent choices and AND nodes for environmental choices. It also notes that cyclic solutions may be needed when actions could lead back to the same state, and these can be addressed with labels.

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Aqeel Ahmed
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24 views

CSE860 - 13 - Nondeterministic Actions

This document discusses nondeterministic actions in artificial intelligence environments. It provides examples of how an erratic vacuum cleaner that sometimes cleans adjacent squares or deposits dirt can introduce nondeterminism. It explains that solutions in nondeterministic environments require contingency plans based on percepts. The solutions are represented as trees with OR nodes for agent choices and AND nodes for environmental choices. It also notes that cyclic solutions may be needed when actions could lead back to the same state, and these can be addressed with labels.

Uploaded by

Aqeel Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE 860 Artificial Intelligence

(Nondeterministic Actions)

Prof. Dr. Yasar Ayaz


(Pride of Performance)

Chairman / Central Project Director


National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI)
Pakistan

Professor & Founding Head


Department of Robotics & AI
NUST-SMME
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• When the environment is fully observable and
deterministic, the agent knows the exact
results of its actions.
• When the environment is partially observable
or nondeterministic, percepts have to be used
to tell which state the agent is in.
• Solution → Contingency Plan (Strategy) that
tells what to do based on percepts.

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Now we introduce nondeterminism in the form
of a powerful but erratic vacuum cleaner. In the
erratic vacuum world, the Suck action works as:
• When applied to a dirty square the action
cleans the square and sometimes cleans up
dirt in an adjacent square, too.
• When applied to a clean square the action
sometimes deposits dirt on the carpet.

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➔[Suck, if State =5 then [Right, Suck] else [ ]]

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• The complete solution is in the form of a tree
rather than a sequence.
• To nest if-then-else inside the tree, two kinds
of nodes are introduced:

➢OR Nodes: Branching due to agent’s choices


➢AND Nodes: Branching due to environment’s
choices

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OR Node

AND Node

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• Sometimes due to a recurring erratic action,
the agent may find itself in the same state
again and again. For such a cyclic solution is to
keep trying the same action until it works.
• This can be tackled by adding a label to the
cyclic part of the plan and using the label later
instead of repeating the plan itself.
• Consider a vacuum cleaner that sometimes
slips and fails to execute: Right or Left actions.

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• Such a Cyclic Solution will eventually lead the
agent to the goal provided that each outcome
of a nondeterministic action eventually occurs.

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