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Lecture-8 Sewage Treatment

This document discusses sewage treatment and wastewater treatment methods. It begins by defining sewage and the objectives of sewage treatment, which include protecting human health and the environment, wastewater reuse, and meeting legal requirements. It then outlines the main wastewater treatment methods of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Finally, it details the levels of wastewater treatment from preliminary to tertiary, explaining the goals and methods used at each level.

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Iftikhar Mughal
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191 views

Lecture-8 Sewage Treatment

This document discusses sewage treatment and wastewater treatment methods. It begins by defining sewage and the objectives of sewage treatment, which include protecting human health and the environment, wastewater reuse, and meeting legal requirements. It then outlines the main wastewater treatment methods of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Finally, it details the levels of wastewater treatment from preliminary to tertiary, explaining the goals and methods used at each level.

Uploaded by

Iftikhar Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental Management

CT-243
Lecture# 8: Sewage Treatment

Engr. Affan Jalil


Lecturer,MIT (Civil Technology)
Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 1
Lecture Outline
 Sewage Treatment
 Objectives of Sewage Treatment
 Wastewater Treatment Methods
 Levels of Wastewater Treatment

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 2


Sewage Treatment
Sewage
 Wastewater resulting from water use
 60 – 8 0 % of total water supply becomes waste
for developing countries

Sewage Treatment
 Processing of wastewater to remove
pollutants/ contaminants to recommended
levels that are not harmful to environment and
human health

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 3


Objectives of Sewage Treatment
 Protect Human Health
 Pathogens, heavy metals and other toxic constituents of
wastewater
 Waterborne diseases

 Protect Environment
 Depletion of oxygen from water bodies leading to
extermination of aquatic life
 Color and taste of water bodies
 Groundwater infiltration
 Soil pollution

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 4


Objectives of Sewage Treatment
 Wastewater Reuse
 Irrigation Purposes
 Industrial Purposes

 Fulfill Legal Requirements


 Depends upon local, state or federalregulations
 Pakistan Penal Code (1860)
 Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance, No. XXVII
of 1997
 E.g. Pak EPA effluent standards (BOD ≤ 80 mg/L)

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 5


Wastewater Treatment Methods
 Depend upon the techniques or processes used
 Broadly categorized as physical, chemical
and biological

 These methods are carried out in a sequence of


operations
 Sequence depends upon the existing influent
composition and various concentrations

(Influent: water that "flows in". This is the raw, untreated wastewater)

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 6


Wastewater Treatment Methods
Techniques/ Processes Used
a) Physical Processes
 Based on exploitation of physical properties of
pollutants
 Cons i s t of techni ques l i ke s cr eeni ng, fl oatati on,
sedimentation and filtration

b) Chemical Processes
 Make use of chemical properties of the contaminants
or reactants that are added
 Consist of techniques like coagulation and disinfection

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 7


Wastewater Treatment Methods
Techniques/ Processes Used
c) Biological Processes
 Use of biochemical reactions
 B iological s ubs tances derive energy fr om oxidation of
organic food sources (BOD)
 Consist of techniques like activated sludge process etc.

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 8


Source: Biological Wastewater Treatment (BOD & N removal),Prepared by Kapesh Dankhara
Levels of Wastewater Treatment
 Degree of sewage treatment depends on;
a) Strength of wastewater
b) Method of disposal or reuse

 Levels of wastewater treatment


1) Preliminary Treatment
2) Primary Treatment
3) Secondary Treatment
4) Tertiary/ Advanced Treatment

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 9


Levels of Wastewater Treatment
1. Preliminary Treatment
 Intends to prepare wastewater for further
treatment
 Removes pollutants that may interfere with
mechanical equipment of subsequent
treatment units
 In municipal wastewater; removal of floating
debris, grit and oils scums
 Methods Employed;
 Screens, Comminutor, Grit Chamber etc.

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 10


Levels of Wastewater Treatment
2. Primary Treatment
 Intends to produce an effl uent of fair ly
improved quality for the next stage
 Removal of s ettleable s us pended s olids fr om
sewage
 Als o termed as clarification, s edimentation
and settling
 Use of physical processes
 Methods Employed;
 Sedimentation tanks

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 11


Levels of Wastewater Treatment
3. Secondary Treatment
 Intends to eliminate biochemical demand of
oxygen
 Removal of s oluble and colloi dal
organic matter that remains after primary
treatment
 Use of biological and physical processes
 Methods Employed;
 Activated sludge, T rickling filters, Aerated
lagoons, Water stabilization ponds etc.
Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 12
Levels of Wastewater Treatment
4. Tertiary/ Advanced Treatment:
 Intends to safeguard the receiving waters from
constituents that are not removed at previous
stages
 Removal of nutrients like nitrogen and
phosphorous; toxic organic and inorganic
chemicals effecting aquatic life; pathogens
 Combination of physical, chemical and
biological processes

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 13


Levels of Wastewater Treatment

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 14


Reference Book
❖ Introduction to Environmental Engineering Third Edition by Davis &
Cornwell, McGraw Hill

❖ Environmental Engineering Laboratory, by Dr. Khurshid Ahmad


Questions ???

Mirpur Institute of Technology, MUST 25

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