Connection Design Column Base Plates K Column base plates are required to transfer the loads from the column section into the concrete foundation, which in turn transfers the loads safely to the founding material. The design of the concrete foundation will be carried out in accordance with SABS 0100-1 and will therefore not be covered here. It is necessary to size the steel base plate by ensuring that the permissible stresses in the concrete are not exceeded, and reference will be made to SABS 0100-1 where applicable. 3.3. COLUMN BASE PLATES 3.3.1 INTRODUCTION Column bases are levelled using steel packers and then the remaining void is filled with grout. It is important therefore that the strength of the grout is not less than the strength of the concrete. The grade of concrete most commonly used in foundations of this type is 25 MPa. 3.3.2. COLUMN-TO-PLATE CONNECTION A SLAB BASE refers to a column connected directly to the base plate. Oo Oo ° ° ‘ i i A GUSSETED BASE refers to a column that is connected to the base plate using vertical flat plates or other sections to stiffen the base plate. The contact between the column end and base plate shall have at least 75% of the entire contact area in full bearing. This means that the connection (weld) need only be designed to resist an axial force of 25% of the applied ultimate axial load. 3.22Connection Design Column Base Plates Full bearing is defined as a separation between the steel surfaces not exceeding 0.5 mm. The separation of the remaining portion shall not exceed 1.0 mm. Aconnection that is required to resist combined bending and axial load, shall be designed to resist the full moment together with the axial force reduced as above. Awelded connection is the most common and reference should be made to the previous module for the weld design. 3.3.3 PINNED SLAB BASE Tae we Acolumn that is pinned at its base is designed such that no momentis transferred into the foundation. The base plate will be designed to spread the axial load from the column section into the foundation. Nominal hold down bolts will be required to correctly position the column, however these bolts may be required to resist the shear force resulting from a horizontal reaction at the column base. 3.3.3.4 Design Equations The compressive stress in the concrete is assumed to be uniform, and therefore the required effective area of the slab base will be given by: F, Ava 0.447f.,, where: Area required effective base area. F, Ultimate axial load. fess Grade of concrete. (28 day cube crushing strength) 3.23Connection Design Column Base Plates The factor of 0.447 takes into account the difference between the laboratory (cube) strength and site strength, as well as the partial material factor for concrete in axial compression at the ultimate limit state. The required effective base area is represented by an area surrounding the column cross- section such that the perimeter of this effective area is at an equal distance away from all ‘edges of the column cross-section as shown. The actual base slab will be a rectangle of regular dimension outside of the effective area. base slab (BxL) effective area The required dimension ‘a’ can be found by solving the following quadratic equation: 4a? + 2a(h+ b-t,)+t,(h+ 2b)= Arg, if ashit, then B2b+2a and L>h+2a If: aot ~t, — there will be an overlap in the effective area, and BL > Are, 3.24Connection Design Column Base Plates The required thickness of the base plate t is determined by its resistance to the bending resulting from the ultimate pressure 0, below the plate. a, a Because the plate will tend to bend in two directions about the edges of the column section, the ultimate moment in the plate may be calculated using a reduced projection length given where a, is the greater projection @ is the smaller projection. Let us consider a 1 mm wide strip of plate to derive an equation to calculate the required plate thickness: For a balanced design: M, =M, =0Z¢f, where: 3.25Connection Design 3.3.3.2 Design a suitable square slab base for a 356 X 171 X 67 |-column. The column has been designed as pinned at the base, and the results obtained from a second order analysis produced an ultimate axial load of 1 725 kN together with an ultimate shear of 70 kN at the Example (pinned column base plate) base of the column. The foundation will be constructed from grade 25 concrete and the grout used will be of at least this strength. Class 4.6 bolts are to be used ans all steel will be grade 350W.. Reference Ag =—fu__- 172510" 100 OAa7 hy 0447 x25 A Calculations Base Slab 725x10° = 154.4 x10° mm? 4a? + 2a(h+ b- ty) + t;(h+ 2b) ja? + 2a(364.0 + 173.2 - 9.1) + 15.7(364.0 + (2x 173.2)) = 4a? + 1056.2a + 11153.3 solving gives a = 98.7 mm 364.0 h joie og arten Obs mm >a Brog, = 0 +28 =173.2+(2x 98.7) = 370.6 mm Lreq. = + 2a = 364.0 + (2 x 98.7) = 5614 mm slab 380 mm x 570 mm a, = 380-1782 _ 4034 mm ° ° )38 2 = 920 - 364.0 _ 193.0 mm . 3.26 Column Base PlatesConnection Design Column Base Plates Reference 13.12.1.2 13.13.2.2 Calculations 1725 x10° 2 0 ag = 7.96 NI mm 7 2 3x 7.96x {1034# . ee = 24.7mm .9 x 350 Adopt a base plate thickness of say 30 mm Bolts =35kN Adopt 2 X M20 class 4.8 bolts (V, = 44.33 kN per bolt ) Shear per bolt = an Weld Ly = (173.2 x 2) + (15.7 x4) + (312 x 2) + 2(173.2- 20.5) =1321mm Vi og = 25 = 131 kN mm 17: MORI IG A Adopt a 8 mm fillet weld using an E70XX electrode 3.3.4 FIXED SLAB BASE A fixed base will transfer both axial load and moment into the concrete foundation. 3.27Connection Design Column Base Plates 3.3.4.1 Full Compression ~y If the resultant force (the axial load positioned at an eccentricity e to produce a moment equal to that applied) falls within the middle third of the base length, then compression will exist over the entire plate area. When compression exists over the entire base plate area (ie. e> L/6 ), the compressive stress in the concrete bay be assumed to be uniform over an area equal to BL’ where L'=L~2e and eis the eccentricity of the applied load (e = M/F). In this case the base plate would be designed as for a pinned base butwith L' replacing L 3.3.4.2 Tension in Hold Down Bolts Where the resultant force falls outside of the middle third, tension will tend to develop on the one side of the base. Because no tension resistance can be offered by the base plate / concrete interface, hold-down bolts are required to resist the tension force. The design of this case will be based on the design of reinforced concrete members in accordance with SANS 10100-1 3.28