Numbers

In today's digital life, eleettonic devices like computers, smartphones etc. has become necessary
forevervone, You will be atuaze€l to kntns• that nutnbers play an important role in developing the
for computers. In this chapter vou will learn about Binarynumbers.

BINARY NUMBERS
Computer pla.vsan unportant role in our daily life. It receives, stores and proccssrc lineinformation
(ordata) using two digits '(Yand 'I' called binary digits or bits. Any number however large can be
written using two digits 0 and 1 is called binary number.
In our daily life we use decimal number system. It consists of ten digits i.e.0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9.So the base ot this nutnber systeln is 10.In computers and other electronic devices we use binary
number svstem. It consists of two digits 0 and l. So the base of this number system is 2.
Let us describe both the number systems briefly and see how the numbers in one system can
be converted to other system.

DECIMALNUMBER SYSTEM
In this system we have ten digits i.e. O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Hence the base of this system is 10 i.e.
each position tn a decimal number represents the power of base 10.Thus in this system right most
position represents 100 (called unit or ones place), second from right 101(called tens place), third
fromright 102 (called hundreds place), fourth from right 103 (called thousands place) and so on.
Let us consider the number 7302.
As the digit 7 occupies thousands place, the place value of the digit 7 = 7 x 103 = 7 x 1000
7000
Similarly, the place value of digit 3 = 3 x 102 = 3 x 100 = 300,
the place value of digit 0 = 0 x 101 = 0 and
the place value of digit 2 = 2 x 100 = 2 x 1 = 2.
so, 7302=7 x 103 +3 x 102 +0x 101+2 x 100
In decimal system, we represent the number 7302 as (7302)10.

BINARYNUMBER SYSTEM
in
In this system we have two digits i.e. 0 and 1. Hence, the base of this system is 2 i.e. each position
a binary number represents the power of base 2. Thus in this system right most position represents
20,second from right 2 1, third from right 22 and so on.
Let us consider a binary number 11101,which can be written in decimal system as
1 x 24 +1x2 3 +1x2 2 +ox2 1 +1x2 0

binary number 11101in binary system is represented as (Il 101)2

so
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Conversion of decimal number to binary number

To ccrwert a given d&imaj to a binary number proceed as under.
Step I. [Yrvidethe vver• d«irnaJ num?h.-rby 2 and note quotient and remainder
Step Apin divide quotient (htained in step 1 by 2 and again note the rernainden
Step 3, Pe•æzt the step 2 again and again till you gm the quotient as L
Step 4. Write the Lat quotient (iz 1) and remainders in the rwerse order from bottom to

This is binary number equivalfffitto the given decimal number.

Example I. Cart—t decimal numbers to the binary numbers:
(ii) 12 (m) 63 (iv) 569

2
2 4
2 2 00
1 t
) 11110t() ( ) Il Il田
BINARY ARITHMETIC
multiplicationand division of binary numbers.
Binary arithmetic means addition, subtraction,
Each of the four operations are discussed below

BINARY ADDITION
decimal system. As binary system consists of two
Binary addition is done in the same way as in
binary addition. These four rules are given
il- 0 and 1, so there are four possible rules of

oco=o
0+1=1
1+0=1
I + 1 = 0 and I carrv over to next left column.
converting them to decimal system:
Example 3. Add the following binary numbers and check the result by
(0 101 (it) 101001and 110110
Solution. (t)
Carrvover
111
+101
1100
Checking:(111),= 1 x 22 +1 x 21 +1x2 0 - 7
h = 1 x 22 +0x2
(101 1 +1x2 0

12

Also, (1100). = 1 x 23 +1 x 22 +0 x 21 +0 x 12
(111): + (101)2 = (1100),

101001
+110110
Checking: (101001), = 1 x 25 +0 x 24 +1 x 23 +0 x 22 +0 x 21 +1 x 20 = 41
x x 22 +1 x 21+0 x 20 =+54
95

BINARY SUBTRACTION
Binary subtraction is done in the same way as in decimal system. Four rules for binary subtraction
are given below:
0-0=0
1-0=1
1-1=0
O—1 = 1 With a borrow of 1 from the next left column.

4 4ppliedrMatherpatics-XI
Example 4. Subtract the binary numbersand checkthe result by cvntvrting them to decimal
system:
(t) 101from 110 11010 from 110101
Solution. (1)
I Borrow

-101
001
Checking: (110)2 6

(101h = 1 x 22 +0x2 1 +1x2 0 =-5

1

(110): - (101)2= (lh

? I Borrow
110101
11010
11011
Checking: (110101), = 53
20 = - 26
27
Also, (11011), = 1 + ox 22+1 x 21 +1 x 20 =27
(110101h - (11010),= (11011h

BINARY MULTIPLICATION
Binarymultiplicationis done in the same way as in decimal system. Four rules for binary
multiplication are given below:
oxo=o

Ixo=o

Example 5. Multiply the following binary ntunbers and check the result by converting them to decimal
system:
(I) 1001 and 101 (it) 11010and 111
Solution. (1)
1 0 01
1 01
1001
000
100 x x
101 1 01
Checking: (1001)2= 1 x 23 +0x2 2 +ox2 1 +1x2 0 = 9
(101)2= 1 x 22+0x2 1 +1x2 0
45

Numbers 5
 Atno. (

BINARY DIVISION
divinion in done in in I .ikq•
(IINO.So, theft' only two ruleh binary
two given below:

lisample 6. Divide the tollotl'ins' and check the n•sult to

(ii) 1110101 Ill/ 1001

Also, terite icnt and n•tnainder in each case,

Solution. (i)
110— -Quotient

111
0101 Renniinder

Quotient 110and tvnutinder 101

-1 x 26+0 x 2%lx2 3 +lx2 2 +1x2 1+lx2 0
(111h
Now,
7 Quotient
42
5 Reniainder
Quotient (110)2• 1 x 22 +1 x 21+0 x 20 •6
and remainder (101h-1x22.ox21+1x20-5
 1001
1011
1001
01001 Note this step
1001
0000
Quotient = 1101and remainder = O

in binary division after bringing down the next digit

Like decimal division. if divisor is
greater than tre remainder then put 0 in the quotient and bring down the next digit from the
dividnd
—
Checking: (1110101):
= 64 32 117

0
Quotient = (1101)2= I 23 + 1 x 22 + O x 21 + 1 20 = 13, Remainder = 0

EXERCISE 1
L Convert the following decimal numbers to the binary numbers:
(i) 13 (ii) 47 (iil) 129 (i?) 250 (v) 394 437
(viz) 517 (viii) 639 (ix) 781 (x) 845 (xo 946 (xil) 1018
Z Convert following binary numbers to e-tedecimal numbers:
(iil) 110110110
(w) Im010001
3. Add the followingbinary numbers and checkthe result by convertingthem to decimal

(i) Imol and1101

(iil)1000011 and 110100 100000 and 1011010

4. Subtract the following binary numbers and check the result by converting them to decimal

(P, IOOOOfrom 10111 (il) 11001 from 110001

(m) 111001from 11010
dæimal
5. Multiply the following binary numbers and check the result by converting them to

(t) 1100by 111 (i0 10111by 1001 (ii0 101011by 1101

(iv) 110110by 10001

Num rs
 and check the result by converting them
6. Divide the following binary numbers to decimal
system
(u) 101011
by 101
each casc.
Also, write quotient and remainder in
Answers Oil)
t.
110110101 (vil) 10000101
(n) 1110110010

(it') 273 (v) 249

040 (it) 751 542
(iil) 1110111 11011010
3.
4. Oil) 101001 (it') 110100
(D 10101m (it') 1110010110
6. (t) Quotient = I(X).Remainder 0 (it) Quotient = 100,Remainder 111
(iil) Quotient = Remainder = (it') Quotient = 111001.Remainder = 0

mULTlPLE CHOICE OUESTlOns

Choose the correct ansu'erfrom the gircn four options in questions (1 to 3):
1. Which of the followtng binary numbers is equivalent to decimal number 24?
(d) 11001
2. decimal equivalent of the binary number 10101is
(a) 21 (b) 12 (c) 22 (d) 31
3. value of radix tn binary number system is
(d) 10

Answers

CASE-STUDY BASED QUESTIOn (Unsolved)

In binary system. we have only two digits Oand I, so the base of this system is 2 i.e. each
position in a binary number represents the power of base 2. Right most position represents
20, from right 21, third from right 22 and so on.
=1 x 25+1

In case of fractional decimal numbers, first position after point represents 2-1,second position
'-2 and so (MI.
Forexample:(110101.101)2 x 25 +1 21+
Ix20+1x2-1+ox2-2+1x2-3
= 32+ 16+0+4+0 +1+— +0+—
8
= 53 + — = (53.625)10

8 ppll 1Mt e au
 Based on the above information, answer the
following questions:
(1) The binary number (1011101.111)2
is equivalent to decimal number
(a) 93.625 (b) 95.125 (c) 93875 (if) 83.675
(it) The sum of binary numbers
(11011.011)2
+ (10101.101)2
is equivalent to decimal
number
(a) 48.875 (b) 49 (c) 47525 (d) 48
(m) The subtraction of binary number
(101110.110)2
from (111011.111)2is equivalent to
decimal number
(a) 13.125 (b) 16.475 (c) 15825 (d) 14.625
number
(a) 2498375 (b) 2496.125 (c) 2395.625 (1) 2598375
(v) The division of binary number (100001.01
h by (1001.1
h is equivalent to decimal
number
(a) 23 (b) 35 (c) 425 (d) 5.125
Answer
(iit) (a)