INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

[[(Sessn [Lonn

(Jan – July 2021)

Submitted By:

Name: Manjeet
College Roll No. 191251015020

SUBMITTED TO:

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

RBS State Institute of Engineering and Technology

Zainabad (Rewari)
Training Certificate
 Declaration

I, Manjeet, a student pursuing a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering from Rao
Birender Singh State Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zainabad (Rewari), hereby declare that the
work presented in my project entitled "lims Labsoul" is the result of my own efforts.
I understand the significance of upholding academic integrity and ethical practices in engineering. Therefore, I
assure that I have conducted this project with utmost honesty, sincerity, and integrity.
Throughout the project, I have adhered to a high standard of professional conduct, ensuring that all the
information, data, and resources used are appropriately cited and referenced. I have followed ethical guidelines
and respected the intellectual property rights of others by providing proper attribution for any external sources
or references utilized in this project.

I affirm that this declaration stands as a testament to my commitment to engineering ethics and academic
integrity, and I am prepared to provide any further clarification or evidence to support the authenticity of this
project.

Name: Manjeet
Roll No: 1912251015020
 Acknowledgement

I am deeply grateful to Rao Birender Singh State Institute of Engineering and Technology for providing me
with the opportunity to pursue my project, "lims Labsoul." I would like to express my sincere appreciation to
my project guide, [Guide's Name], for their invaluable guidance and mentorship throughout this endeavor. I am
also thankful to my classmates for their support and constructive feedback.

I would like to acknowledge the authors of the reference materials and research papers that I consulted, as their
work has significantly contributed to the development of my project. Their insights and knowledge have been
instrumental in shaping the project's outcomes.

Furthermore, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to my family for their unwavering support,
understanding, and encouragement. Their constant belief in my abilities has been a driving force behind my
success.

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all the individuals and resources mentioned above for their
significant contributions. Without their support, this project would not have been possible.

Name: Manjeet
Roll No: 1912251015020

ABSTRACT
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) are a specialized class of application software designed
to store and manage information generated during laboratory operations. These systems play a crucial role in
controlling and organizing various aspects of laboratory work, including samples, standards, test results,
reports, staff management, instrument control, and workflow automation.

The primary purpose of LIMS is to streamline laboratory processes, enhance data accuracy, improve
efficiency, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. By centralizing and automating data management,
LIMS enable laboratories to track and trace samples, monitor instrument utilization, and maintain
comprehensive records of experiments and analyses.

One significant advantage of integrating LIMS with an organization's enterprise information systems is the
seamless transmission of crucial data to both laboratory personnel and higher-level management. This
integration facilitates efficient communication, enables real-time access to information, and supports informed
decision-making.

The functionality of LIMS encompasses a wide range of features, such as sample tracking, data entry and
retrieval, quality control management, instrument calibration, result validation, and report generation. LIMS
also provide tools for data analysis, statistical reporting, and data visualization, aiding in the interpretation and
presentation of laboratory findings.

Furthermore, LIMS ensure data integrity, security, and compliance by implementing robust data encryption,
user authentication, and audit trails. They help laboratories adhere to regulatory requirements, maintain data
traceability, and support the validation and accreditation processes.

In conclusion, Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) are indispensable tools for modern
laboratories. Their integration with enterprise information systems enables seamless data transmission,
enhances communication, and improves decision-making. The rich functionality of LIMS supports efficient
laboratory operations, data management, and quality control, ensuring accuracy, compliance, and productivity
in scientific research and analysis.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction of Project
 1.1 Title..............................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement.......................................................................................2
1.3 Overview.......................................................................................................4
1.4 Scope............................................................................................................5

2. Methodology
2.1 Software Development Life Cycle..............................................................6

3. Technology to be used
3.1 H/W & S/W Requirements...........................................................................8
3.2 Development Tools & Technologies...........................................................12

4. Snapshots & Code.............................................................................................13

5. Future Enhancements........................................................................................38

 References

INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY

Pathkind Labs, established in 2016 as a subsidiary of Mankind Pharma, is a distinguished diagnostic and
healthcare testing service provider in India. The company was founded by Rajeev Juneja, a visionary
entrepreneur with a decade of experience in the pharmaceutical industry.

Operating across 20 states in India, Pathkind Diagnostics commenced its operations in August 2017. It has
rapidly expanded its network to include over 70 diagnostic labs and more than 2,000 collection centers.
Accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories) and NABH
(National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers), Pathkind Labs has gained recognition for
its commitment to quality and reliability.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Pathkind Labs played a crucial role by establishing 10 dedicated labs in
different cities to offer COVID-19 testing services, including RT-PCR tests. Authorized by the Indian Council
of Medical Research and various state governments, Pathkind Labs has been at the forefront of diagnostic
testing to combat the pandemic.

In 2022, Pathkind Diagnostics received a substantial investment of up to ₹194.4 crore from India Business
Excellence Fund IV, managed by Motilal Oswal Private Equity. This investment has bolstered the company's
growth and solidified its position as a leading provider of pathology services in India.

With its strong infrastructure, extensive network, and commitment to excellence, Pathkind Labs has secured a
prominent rank, currently holding the 4th position among its 38 active competitors in the diagnostic industry.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

LABORATORY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES

Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) belong to a class of application software designed to
store and manage information generated during laboratory work. These systems play a crucial role in
controlling and managing samples, standards, test results, reports, laboratory staff, instruments, and workflow
automation. Integrating LIMS with an enterprise's information systems enables prompt data transmission to the
laboratory and the enterprise administration.

Keywords: information measurement systems, information management systems, laboratory information

management systems, functionality of laboratory information management systems.

Industrial enterprises aim to produce high-quality products and improve production efficiency while
minimizing costs. Analytical laboratories, whether part of enterprises or independent entities, operate based on
quality control system standards (e.g., ISO 9000), laboratory practice principles (e.g., GLP), and industry
requirements (e.g., GMP). To efficiently carry out their activities, laboratories require modern instrumentation
and the adoption of automation principles.

Analytical laboratories perform various functions, including quality control, metrological certification,
environmental management, instrument inspection, laboratory auditing, and more. These multifaceted activities
necessitate the use of information measurement and management systems. In an analytical laboratory, an
information management system comprises hardware and software components for collecting and processing
measurement data obtained from tests.

By implementing LIMS, laboratories can streamline their operations, improve data accuracy, enhance
efficiency, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. The integration of LIMS with enterprise
information systems facilitates seamless communication and real-time access to information, empowering
informed decision-making.

In this project, we will explore the functionality and benefits of laboratory information management systems in
analytical laboratories, emphasizing their role in optimizing laboratory processes and improving overall
productivity.
 Analysis Enrollment Collection
of samples of samples

Main laboratory Distribution

Assignment
work flows of samples
to
operation
Receipt of
Preparatio
samples
n of tests

Storage of
Completion
samples
of tests

Data reading Management of samples

Repeated Canning testsof results

Repeated Interpretation
samplesof results

Reports

Archiving Allocation

Fig. 1. Basic work flows of a laboratory information management systems [7].

Samples for analysis [1–3] demonstrate that an information management system is a complex set of
hardware and software components that support the management of collection, processing, storage,
distribution, and representation procedures for information obtained through laboratory activities. The
development of such systems aims to automate laboratory processes, increase efficiency and productivity,
handle various analytical objects, and enhance the quality control system.
Laboratory information management systems, a class of information management systems, have been in
development for over 30 years. Initially, chromatography data systems were the first systems of this kind,
developed and introduced by major manufacturers of analytical equipment such as Hewlett Packard,
Perkin Elmer, and Beckman Instruments [4, 5]. The advancement of computer technologies in the late
1970s and early 1980s further promoted this process. Over time, laboratory information management
systems evolved from in-house or custom-developed software to commercial products offering
multifunctional solutions.

Currently, there are over 100 firms worldwide that produce software products for laboratory information
management systems. These firms follow a set of specification documents and regulatory documents,
including a standard for laboratory information management systems [6], which serves as the basis for the
Russian national standard [7].

A laboratory information management system is a computer-based application software used in

laboratories to manage analysis and standard samples, test results, laboratory staff, and analytical
equipment. It also facilitates the generation of commercial reports and performs other functions.
Consequently, laboratory information management systems play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency
and productivity of laboratory operations.

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 Laboratory information management systems encompass the management of laboratory
workflows, information obtained in the laboratory, and integration with devices and other
manufacturing computer systems.

In this article, we will address questions related to the practical application of a laboratory
information management system. Figure 1 [7] presents a flow chart illustrating the working processes
of analytic laboratories.

Typically, the laboratory staff is most interested in whether it is possible to avoid the laborious
process of maintaining a laboratory log. This includes tasks such as sample enrollment, data and
analysis result input, and report compilation. The implementation of a laboratory information
management system in this area can reduce errors caused by the "human factor" and eliminate
confusion with samples and results by enabling sample traceability. The use of a laboratory information
management system facilitates tracking the movement of a sample with an identifiable designator
through different departments of a laboratory while preserving relevant information. Currently, an
electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) is being actively reviewed for possible implementation. ELN
serves as an electronic version of the traditional hardcopy laboratory journal used to document studies,
experiments, and procedures conducted in the laboratory.

2. Methodology

The functions of a laboratory information management system can be divided into the following five
basic stages:
1. The first stage involves the enrollment of received samples in the laboratory. Enrollment
includes assigning a unique identifier (enrollment number, line code) and entering specific information
into the laboratory information management system. This information includes customer data, sample
description, security information, storage conditions, required tests, and associated costs. Sample
enrollment can be done manually or automatically, and specific templates can be used to facilitate
information input. It should not be necessary to re-enter information for an already enrolled sample,
and the system should monitor the enrollment of scheduled and unscheduled samples.
 2. The second stage involves assigning samples to be analyzed among the laboratory staff. The
system displays a list of tests to be performed according to normative documents, along with
information on the required quantity of material for each test and where the samples should be sent for
analysis (whether to an in-house work site or an external organization). In this case, the laboratory
information management system performs several functions, such as monitoring the execution of
assigned analyses (indicating which analyses have been completed and which are pending), tracking
the time spent on sample analysis, sending reminders to the laboratory staff about pending analyses,
and specifying time limits for analysis completion. The sample distribution function also helps
determine when a sample will be available for analysis at different laboratory work sites, allowing the
laboratory management to assess capacity, sample status, and reasons for potential delays.

3. The third stage of the laboratory information management system involves the actual analysis
process, which includes various subjects and actions. These actions consist of sample preparation,
performing measurements, including quality control measurements using samples, and generating and
collecting information. In certain cases, repeated tests or repeated sample selections may be required
(Fig. 1). A laboratory information management system can be used to manage the sample preparation
process, including preliminary processing stages, and automatically include unknown, standard, and
dummy samples necessary for calibration or method verification. Each of these samples should be
assigned a unique identifier number that can be logged by the laboratory information management
system. After the samples are prepared, they can be input into the system in the order of measurement,
and the system can provide traceability functions for these operations. Once the tests are completed,
data such as adjustment parameters of the analytical device, information about additional standard
samples, observed defects, difficulties, and unusual system behavior can be entered into the laboratory
information management system. This information can assist in documenting the performed procedures
and explaining unusual results. The laboratory information management system facilitates the
compilation of current monitoring reports, and multiple dialogue windows may be opened after the
completion of tests. This allows the system to monitor the execution of analyses in real-time and track
the time spent based on the complexity of the tests.

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 During this stage, the laboratory information management system functions are utilized to
manage the use of reagents, equipment, and laboratory personnel. These functions enable tracking of
purchases and usage of supplies in the laboratory, management of batch lots and order numbers,
monitoring usage time periods, costs, and deliveries, and control of chemical and reagent inventory.
These functions also facilitate tracking equipment calibration, performing repair activities, conducting
training, and confirming the skill levels of laboratory personnel. Additionally, the laboratory
information management system integrates functions that store active documents defining how tests
should be performed in an unaltered form in the database. It is also noteworthy that the system can
create an interface with laboratory equipment, allowing for direct transmission of results from devices
to the laboratory information management system, thereby reducing the probability of data collection
errors.

4. The fourth stage involves inputting the measurement results into the laboratory information
management system. After analyzing a sample, the obtained results are manually or automatically
entered into the system. For automated input of results directly from the laboratory equipment into an
electronic table or report, integration between the system and the equipment is necessary. With the
management function, a record is generated to certify the creation of analysis results. Statistical
processing can be performed automatically, and an audit of the data can be conducted based on
established standards, ensuring that the input data falls within the permissible value range specified in
the standards documents. Unusual or out-of-range results can be marked for further investigation. The
laboratory information management system can also track the location of the final sample and manage
the disposal of unnecessary residues. To prevent data loss, the system includes procedures for creating
backups and emergency recovery.

5. The fifth stage involves inspecting the test results and compiling reports. A laboratory information
management system must include functions to scan and approve the results through verification and
validation procedures. This includes incorporating functions to confirm authorization for decision-
making, approval, or rejection of test results and quality indicators. The system can assign standard
operating procedures, ensuring that the reviewer and the test analyst are not the same person. An audit of
measurements and previously entered results is conducted, presenting factors that have led to adjustments
or corrections. Audit trails are created within the laboratory information management system,
documenting changes by indicating new data, modification time, individual responsible for the change,
and the basis for the change. If a test for a sample was scheduled but not performed, the result can be
marked as invalid. Intermediate and final test results can be generated using the laboratory information
management system, either in hardcopy or electronic form.

One of the crucial functions of a laboratory information management system is generating various report
forms, including quality certificates, test protocols, and analysis certificates. The system also supports
adapting reports to specific users. To ensure user convenience, the system should be compatible with
standard software products for report generation, such as Crystal Reports. This can be done manually or
automatically through different user programs, including a graphical user interface for constructing
graphs. The system should also allow for standardization of report forms. Integrating an electronic
signature capability, often in the form of a graphics file, is common in a laboratory information
management system. Additionally, the system should be capable of printing reports for authorized
specialists and transmitting reports via email. Both external (for the customer) and internal reports
summarizing analytical studies for laboratory management can be generated. Statistical data and
timestamps collected at different stages of the process can be used to prepare data on the number of
samples processed at each automatic workstation, the duration of each process, and the day of the week.
This data can be utilized for constructing graphs of analytical studies, estimating reagent consumption
rates, providing information on device calibration and maintenance, and monitoring the work of
laboratory personnel.

It is of utmost importance to incorporate quality assurance and quality control functions into a laboratory
information management system (LIMS). The system should include the necessary normative
documentation in its database for performing tests. It should also have the capability to track conformity
to QA/QC requirements, generate control cards, inspect analysis graphs, monitor compliance with quality
requirements, and validate the skill levels of laboratory personnel responsible for conducting tests.

3. Technology to be used

The database tables in a LIMS used by users can be categorized into the following classes:
1) Static database tables: These contain descriptive information such as profiles, tests, computations,
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specifications, and related data.
2) Dynamic tables: They store information on sample logging and result input procedures.

The terms "static" and "dynamic" provide a general characterization of the data tables in a LIMS based on
the frequency of data alterations. One significant characteristic of the system is its ability to maintain
database flexibility, allowing necessary changes to be introduced, such as updated versions of normative
documents. The storage periods for all information, including normative documents, additions, and
changes, must adhere to established time intervals. Archiving and data retrieval functions should be
provided in the LIMS to facilitate working with databases. Ensuring data integrity is an ongoing concern.

All the functional and workflow processes have an impact on the status of information within the LIMS.
The system is capable of preserving information related to the status of samples, tests, result comparisons
against specifications, result verification, sample approval, and more. Information on status is updated
whenever a transaction occurs within the system. Examples of sample status include unavailable,
available, obtained in the laboratory, obtained during a test, halted, completed, accepted, and anomalous.

To ensure application security, a password-protected logon and authority division system must be
implemented in the LIMS. Each user should have their own password to identify their location within the
system, and permission to execute operations should be assigned based on the user's specific functions.
Any action performed by a user within the system leaves a unique label indicating the execution of that
action, which can be monitored by higher-level managers.

The effective operation of a laboratory requires the maintenance of information about its business
processes, which is accomplished through the LIMS. The system contains data that reflects both the
current state of laboratory activities and historical information regarding past operations and events. This
information, under the control of the LIMS, can be stored in hardcopy or electronic form, such as large-
format tables or specialized databases. When replacing an existing LIMS with a new system, data
migration should be possible from the original system to the newly installed one.

As an analytic laboratory is a component of an enterprise and does not operate independently, data
obtained in the laboratory, particularly data related to output quality, must be promptly transmitted to
higher management. Integration of a LIMS with Manufacturing Execution System (MES) and Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) information systems is implemented for this purpose. Interfaces are created
with firmware information systems or direct integration, such as with SAP, can be established. This
allows obtaining output information in the required format, which can be used for managing and
analyzing an active quality control system.

Furthermore, this integration is essential for addressing conflicting requirements in operations, pre-
certification of laboratory personnel, and similar situations that require corrective actions. Local and
global networks enable the creation of an interface between the LIMS and other systems within the
laboratory.

Please note that while I have made revisions to the original text, it's always important to double-check the
content for accuracy and ensure that it meets your specific needs.

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 EPR LIMS
Generating Sample collection
unprocessed and test graph
data

Unprocessed Tests of
materials returned to unprocessed
supplier materials

Recommended
(accepted)
unprocessed materials
Samples that are
in the testing
process
Materials that are in
the production
process

Packaging of the final (finished) Tests of the final

product (finished) product

Preservation
Distribution (stabilization) of samples

Fig. 2. Possible points of transfer of data between an Enterprise Resource

Planning (ERP) System and a Laboratory Information Management System
(LIMS) [7].

The LIMS should also be compatible with web clients and support internet-based work. It is crucial to ensure
compatibility with the client's information platform to create an interface with the workstation. This
embedded function enables optimization of information flows within the laboratory, particularly facilitating
paperless document management. Additionally, the LIMS should include a separate module for compiling
commercial documentation, managing commercial and financial activities, maintaining a customer database,
tracking costs, generating reports, and more.
The R ISO 9000 series standards place special emphasis on auditing activities to evaluate the level of
compliance of laboratory outputs with normative documents and assess the technical expertise of the testing
laboratory according to international regulations. The LIMS should incorporate an audit management
module that supports the management of actions and changes made in the system by authorized specialists.
This module should accurately record the date, time, and details of these actions, and the audit records must
be securely encoded and non-modifiable.

It is essential for an LIMS product to allow users to work within their familiar Windows, Microsoft Office,
or Microsoft Excel environments. This includes providing seamless integration with well-known software
products for accessing Microsoft Access, SQL, Oracle, and other databases.

Please note that while I have made revisions to the original text, it's always important to double-check the
content for accuracy and ensure that it meets your specific needs.

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 Therefore, a LIMS must be designed to meet user requirements regarding data identification,
acquisition, indexing, access, systematization, storage, and ensuring the confidentiality of logged data.
To prevent unauthorized access, the system should include password-protected logon and authority
sharing functions.

When installing a laboratory information management system, it is crucial to consider the

requirements for computer hardware, such as memory capacity, data transfer speed, and archive size.
Evaluating the vendor's specifications involves reviewing parameters such as the number of concurrent
users, the annual volume of enrolled documents (samples and analysis results), the number of documents
accessed in real-time, archive requirements, desired report formats, and the impact of external
applications unrelated to the LIMS.

To ensure that the computer software aligns with the laboratory's objectives, it is important to
anticipate potential changes in the laboratory's activities, including both expansions and contractions of
functions. An ideal laboratory information management system should be scalable, allowing easy
modification and adaptation to meet new requirements. Configuring and adjusting the LIMS to closely
match the specific vendor's needs may be necessary in many cases. Most systems are deployed in a
client-server configuration, where the database tables reside on the server while the user interface is
accessed from client hardware. This configuration offers the advantage of server-side data processing.
However, there is a growing interest in the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) version of LIMS. SaaS LIMS
is a web-based solution provided by the vendor and executed on demand. It eliminates the need for
software and hardware procurement, installation, and maintenance. All components are provided by the
SaaS vendor, except for a computer with internet access and possibly additional devices like a laptop or
barcode reader, depending on the laboratory's specific requirements.

It's important to review the revised text to ensure its accuracy and suitability for your specific context.In
conclusion, we would like to present information based on the results of a survey of LIMS users
regarding the most important functional characteristics of an LIMS product [9]:
• input of data and results;
• enrollment of samples;
• tracking samples;
 • report generation;

• simplicity of use and training;

• security of applications;
• reviewing of results and their verification (validation);
• customization of reports;
• flexibility and adaptability; and
• conformity to normative documents.
Thus, a laboratory information management system is an optimal, flexible, and multifunctional
tool for management and for increasing the efficiency and quality of analytic studies in laboratories that
operate in different areas of activity. The use of laboratory information management systems provides
analytic laboratories with confirmation of their capabilities.

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4. Snapshots
1196
1198
 5. Future Enhancements

Future enhancements for the above project can be aimed at further improving the efficiency,
functionality, and usability of the laboratory information management system (LIMS). Here are some
potential areas for development:

1. Advanced Integration: Integration with emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices
can enable real-time monitoring and data acquisition from laboratory instruments and equipment. This
integration can enhance automation, reduce manual data entry errors, and provide seamless connectivity
between the LIMS and various laboratory devices.

2. Enhanced Data Analytics: Incorporating advanced data analytics capabilities into the LIMS can
facilitate intelligent data processing and interpretation. Machine learning algorithms and artificial
intelligence techniques can be employed to identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in the data, enabling
more accurate decision-making, predictive analysis, and quality control.

3. Mobile Applications: Developing mobile applications that integrate with the LIMS can provide
laboratory personnel with on-the-go access to critical information and functionalities. This includes
sample tracking, result approvals, and data visualization, enhancing efficiency and productivity.

4. Cloud-Based Solutions: Transitioning the LIMS to a cloud-based infrastructure can offer numerous
benefits, such as scalability, flexibility, and increased accessibility. Cloud hosting allows for easier
system updates, improved data security measures, and collaborative features for remote teams.

5. Enhanced User Interface: Improving the user interface and experience of the LIMS can enhance user
adoption and productivity. Intuitive dashboards, customizable workflows, and streamlined navigation can
simplify complex processes, reducing the learning curve for new users and improving overall system
usability.

6. Regulatory Compliance: Keeping up with evolving regulatory requirements is crucial in laboratory

environments. Future enhancements should focus on integrating regulatory compliance features, such as
electronic signatures, audit trails, and document management capabilities, to ensure adherence to industry
standards and facilitate efficient audits.

By continuously innovating and incorporating these future enhancements, the laboratory information
management system can evolve into a robust and cutting-edge solution, empowering laboratories to
operate more effectively, make data-driven decisions, and achieve higher levels of quality assurance and
control.

6. References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathkind_Labs
2. https://www.pathkindlabs.com/
3. https://www.pathkindlabs.com/about-us
4. https://www.pathkindlabs.com/national-reference-laboratory

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