Class 5
Class 5
Overview
Week 5 (Sep 22) Class Transcript - Minima, Maxima, and Circles
< Go back to the class overview page
Copyright © AoPS Incorporated. This page is copyrighted material. You can view and print this page for your own use, but you
cannot share the contents of this file with others.
Display all student messages • Show few student messages • Hide student messages
carlyerger 2022-09-22 19:30:10
Hi everyone!
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 1/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
2
ax + bx + c,
b
the vertex is at x = − .
2a
( )
f(x) = 16 x −
3 2 18
2
+
5
,
at what x does f(x) achieve its minimum value, and what is that value?
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 2/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
The term 16 x − ( ) 3 2
2
3
is always nonnegative, so the smallest it can get is 0. It is 0 when x = , so the minimum is achieved there.
2
18 18
f(x) = 16 ⋅ 0 2 + = .
5 5
5
f(x) = − 4(x + 2) 2 − ,
4
at what x does f(x) achieve its maximum value, and what is that value?
carlyergermath:
Typesetting 2022-09-22
100% 19:34:32
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 3/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
5
Substituting − 2 for x, we see that the maximum value is − 4 .
y = a(x − h) 2 + k,
the vertex is at (h, k); but we've seen that when a > 0, the minimum is at (h, k) and when a < 0 the maximum is at (h, k).
f(x) = 3x 2 + 6x − 8,
does f(x) have a minimum or maximum value? What is that maximum or minimum, and which x achieves it?
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 4/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
A minimum because it opens upwards
b 6
− = − = − 1.
2a 6
hermionegranger713
Typesetting math: 100% 2022-09-22 19:39:11
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 5/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
-11
carlyergermath:
Typesetting 100%
2022-09-22 19:39:36
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 6/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
Yes, we're done.
Jenny determines how high the rock will get before it starts falling down towards the canyon. How high does the rock get?
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 7/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
b 15 15
− = − =
2a 2 ⋅ ( − 16) 32
seconds.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 8/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
plug in 15/32 for t
h
( )
15
32
= 280 + 15
( ) ( )
15
32
− 16
15 2
32
225 225
= 280 + −
32 2 ⋅ 32
2 ⋅ 225 − 225
= 280 +
2 ⋅ 32
225
= 280 +
2 ⋅ 32
225
= 280 +
64
≈ 280 + 3.52
= 283.52 ft.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 9/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
x ∈ ( − ∞, − 1) ∪ (3, + ∞).
Typesetting math: 100%
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 10/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
Scorpion1562
Typesetting 2022-09-22 19:50:28
math: 100%
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 11/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
[ − 1, 3]
x ∈
( −
1 3
,
2 2).
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 13/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
x ∈
( − ∞, −
1
2 ] [
∪
3
2
, +∞ .
)
carlyerger 2022-09-22 19:58:07
Notice how we had ≤ instead of < , so we want to include the values when − 4x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0, which is why we include the roots
1 3
− 2 and 2 in our final answer here.
carlyergermath:
Typesetting 100%
2022-09-22 19:58:12
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 14/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
(I made that mistake earlier!)
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 16/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
What must be true about x in order for the rectangles to actually be rectangles?
3x > 0,
x − 3 > 0,
2x − 3 > 0,
x + 5 > 0.
3
x>3> > 0 > − 5,
2
3x(x − 3) = 3x 2 − 9x,
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 17/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
3x 2 − 9x < 2x 2 + 7x − 15.
x 2 − 16x + 15 < 0.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 18/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
at (15,0) and (1,0)
16 ± √256 − 60 16 ± √196
x= = = 1 or 15.
2 2
4y 2 + (4x)y + (x + 6) = 0.
16x 2 − 16(x + 6) ≥ 0,
x 2 − x − 6 ≥ 0.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 21/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
x ∈ ( − ∞, − 2] ∪ [3, + ∞).
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 22/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
Aren't we done? We have the set of x where y is real.
x ∈ ( − ∞, − 2] ∪ [3, + ∞),
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 23/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
Solutions to equations of this form are conics. It just happens to be the case that if you write down a (nontrivial) equation like this,
its graph is a conic section.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 24/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
I circle with origin at 0 and a radius of 1.
If we take the square root of both sides, we get √x2 + y2 = 1. What does that say in terms of distance?
carlyerger 2022-09-22 20:23:47
That says that the distance between (x, y) and (0, 0) is 1. So the graph of x 2 + y 2 = 1 consists of all the points that are a distance of 1
from the origin.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 25/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
2 2 2
(x − h) + (y − k) = r
(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2 = r 2.
The circle consists of all points (x, y) that satisfy this equation:
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 26/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
√(x − h) 2
+ (x − k) 2
√ (x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2
√(x − h) 2
+ (y − k) 2
√(x − h) 2
+ (y − k) 2
√(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2
√(x − h) 2
+ (y − k) 2
√(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2
Scorpion1562 2022-09-22 20:27:57
√(h − k) 2
+ (k − y) 2
Typesetting math: 100%
August_Moon 2022-09-22 20:27:57
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 27/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
sqrt((x-h)^2+(y-k)^2)
√(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2.
√(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2 = r.
(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2 = r 2,
(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2 = r 2
and meets the condition that r is taken to be a positive radius, will also satisfy
√(x − h) 2 + (y − k) 2 = r.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 28/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
(x-3)^2+(y+2)^2=4
center =
( 1+3 0+2
2
, 2
) = (2, 1)
√2
QuantumZ 2022-09-22 20:34:58
√1 2 2
+1 = √2
August_Moon 2022-09-22 20:34:58
sqrt2?
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 30/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
sqrt(2)
√2
carlyerger 2022-09-22 20:35:02
The radius length of the circle is the distance from the center to (1, 0). So it's √(2 − 1) 2 + (1 − 0) 2 = √2.
carlyerger 2022-09-22 20:35:03
So what is the equation of the circle?
carlyergermath:
Typesetting 2022-09-22
100% 20:37:07
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 31/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
We can complete the square!
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 32/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
Now you handle the second equation on your own. What does the graph of x 2 + y 2 + 8x + 2y + 16 = 0 look like?
(x + 4) 2 + (y + 1) 2 = 1,
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 33/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
We can connect the centers!
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 34/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 35/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 36/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 37/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 38/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 39/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 40/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
(x − 2) 2 + (mx − 2) 2 = 1.
QuantumZmath:2022-09-22
Typesetting 100% 20:56:45
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 42/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
The lower slope.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 43/44
3/3/23, 10:35 PM 3205 Intermediate Algebra
https://artofproblemsolving.com/class/3205-intermediate-algebra/transcript/50406 44/44