BDwbU

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb mvgvwRK mgm¨v

3
f~wgKv
mgm¨vgy³ mgv‡Ri Aw¯—Z¡ c„w_ex‡Z weij NUbv| gvbyl, mgm¨v I mgvavbÑ G wZb Dcv`v‡b Avš—twµqvi gva¨‡gB
wPiš—b mgvR cÖevn AvewZ©Z n‡”Q| gvbe mf¨Zvi HwZnvwmK wee©Zb Av‡jvPbvq cÖZxqgvb n‡”Q mgv‡R mgm¨v
AZx‡Z wQj, eZ©gv‡b Av‡Q fwel¨‡ZI _vK‡e| Z‡e mKj cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZB mvgvwRK mgm¨v bq| mvgvwRK
mgm¨v n‡”Q Ggb GK AevwÃZ cwiw¯’wZ hv mgv‡Ri AwaKvsk RbM‡Yi Dci Pvc, D‡ËRbv, ØÜ, nZvkv Z_v
¶wZKi cÖfve we¯—v‡ii gva¨‡g Zv‡`i ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvÎv‡K e¨vnZ K‡i, Z‡e mg‡eZ cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g RbMY
cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv DcjwØ K‡i| mvgvwRK mgm¨v¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b †ek RwUj, eûgyLx I ci¯úi
m¤úwK©Z| ZvB mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvav‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq I M„nxZ c`‡¶c m¤ú‡K© mvgwMÖKfv‡e Rvbv I Dcjw× Kiv
GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb|
msÁv t mvavibZ mvgvwRK mgm¨v Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK Ae¯’v hv Abwf‡cÖZ, AbvKvw•LZ I AevwÃZ; hv mgv‡R
¶wZKi cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i Ges mgvR DbœqY e¨vnZ K‡i; hv mgv‡Ri cÖwZwôZ ixwZ-bxwZ g~j¨‡eva I Kj¨vY
we‡ivax, hv gvby‡li mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb e¨vnZ K‡i Ges mvgvwRK AmsMwZ, wek„sLjv I AmvgvwRKZvi bvgvš—
i|
cÖL¨vZ mgvR weÁvbx Gj. †K d«v¼- Gi g‡Z ÒmvgvwRK mgm¨v n‡”Q Ggb GKwU Amyweav, hv mgvR¯’ gvby‡li
AevwÃZ AvPiY, hv mgv‡Ri e„nr As‡ki Dci ¶wZKi cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i Ges hv ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl m‡PZb|Ó
mvgvwRK mgm¨vi ˆewkó¨
1| mgvR ‡_‡K D™¢yZ
2| AevwÃZ I ¶wZKi mvgvwRK Ae¯’v
3| mgv‡Ri e„nËi As‡ki Dci ¶wZKi cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i
4| mgm¨vi evwn¨K I Af¨š—ixY w`K we`¨gvb
5| cvi¯úwiK wbf©ikxjZv
6| mvgvwRK cwieZ©‡bi dj
7| RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó
8| mgvR‡f‡` wfbœZi
9| mvgvwRK mgm¨v Av‡cw¶K
10| mgvavb †hvM¨Zv|
myZivs my¯úófv‡e ejv hvq †h, Dchy©³ ˆewkó¨ ev cÖK…wZhy³ †h †Kvb mvgvwRK Ae¯’v ev cwiw¯’wZ‡K mvgvwRK
mgm¨v ejv nq|
cvV-1 t RbmsL¨vùxwZ
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

RbmsL¨vùxwZ Kv‡K e‡j Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v ùxwZ †Kb GK b¤^i RvZxq mgm¨v Zv AewnZ n‡eb|

RbmsL¨v ùxwZi KviYmg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

RbmsL¨v ùxwZ `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq mg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f~wgKv
eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ Ab¨Zg Av‡jvwPZ I Av‡jvwoZ mgm¨v n‡”Q RbmsL¨v ùxwZ| RbmsL¨v GKwU †`‡ki Drcv`b I
†mev Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi mnvqK kw³ n‡jI †`‡ki m¤ú` I my‡hvM-myweavi Zzjbvq AwaK n‡j Av_©-mvgvwRK
†¶‡Î ¶wZKi cÖfve †d‡j| evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v e„w× cÖKU AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q| ZvB 1976 mv‡j ZrKvjxb
A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ RbmsL¨v we‡ùviY‡K GK b¤^i RvZxq mgm¨v wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| d‡j RbmsL¨v ùxwZ‡iv‡a
e¨vcK Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1.1 RbmsL¨v ùxwZi aviYv I msÁv t mvaviYZ Rbm¨sL¨v ùxwZ ej‡Z Ggb GK Ae¯’v‡K eySvq hLb †Kvb
†`‡ki cÖvß I m¤¢ve¨ m¤ú‡`i Zzjbvq RbmsL¨vi AvwaK¨ †`Lv †`q Ges †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK †¶‡Î wech©q †W‡K
Av‡b|
cÖL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` Ugvm g¨vj_v‡mi (1798) g‡Z, Ò†Kvb ‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v †m †`‡ki †gvU Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi
Zzjbvq †ewk n‡j RbmsL¨vi †mB cwiw¯’wZ‡K RbmsL¨v ùxwZ e‡j|Ó
myZivs ejv hvq †Kvb †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi cwigvY Kvg¨ msL¨vi mxgv AwZµg Ki‡j D³ RbmsL¨v‡K †m
†`‡ki RbmsL¨v ùxwZ e‡j| †hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v|

1.2 evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v cwiw¯’wZ I RbmsL¨v ùxwZi ¯^iƒc

c„w_exi Ab¨Zg NbemwZc~Y© I Rbeûj †`k n‡”Q evsjv‡`k| RbmsL¨vi †¶‡Î c„w_ex‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb
beg| G‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v mgm¨v LyeB cªKU, RwUj I fqven| 2001 mv‡ji Av`gïgvixi cÖv_wgK wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx
1,47,570 et wKt wgt AvqZb wewkó evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v 12 †KvwU 92 jvL| cÖwZ wK‡jvwgUv‡i RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡
834 Rb| RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1.48| GB wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b RbmsL¨v cÖvq 14 †KvwU|
evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖwZeÜK n‡”Q RbmsL¨vùxwZ, RbmsL¨v Z‡Z¡i Av‡jvPK Ges ev¯—e Ae¯’vi
†cÖw¶‡Z RbmsL¨v ùxwZ‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GK b¤^i mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v ùxwZ wK mgm¨v?

g¨vj_v‡mi RbmsL¨vZZ¡ t cÖL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` Ugvm g¨vjvgv‡mi RbmsL¨v ZZ¡vbyhvqx RbmsL¨v e„w× cvq R¨vwgwZK
nv‡i| †hgb- 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 nv‡i Ges Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w× cvq MvwYwZKnv‡i A_©vr 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Abycv‡Z|
d‡j RbmsL¨v 25 eQ‡i wظb n‡q RbmsL¨v I Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ bó n‡q †`‡k Lv`¨ msKU ‡`Lv
hvq|
evsjv‡`‡ki 1981 mv‡ji Av`g ïgvwii Z_¨vbyhvqx RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi wQj 2.36 kZvsk, 1991 mv‡j 2.17 Ges
2001 mv‡ji ïgvix Abyhvqx 1.47| g¨vj gv‡mi g‡Z, Lv`¨ NvUwZ †`‡ki Rbvwa‡K¨i Ab¨Zg j¶Y| evsjv‡`‡k
e¨vcK Lv`¨ NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| 1991, 1995, 2000 I 2002 mv‡ji Lv`¨ NvUwZ h_vµ‡g 1577, 2568, 2104 I
1799 nvRvi †gwUªK Ub Lv`¨ NvUwZ wQj| Zuvi g‡Z, RbmsL¨v e„w× Lv`¨ mieivn‡K AwZµg Ki‡j †`‡k `ywf©¶,
gnvgvix, AvZ¥nZ¨v, msNvZ BZ¨vw` †`Lv w`‡e, evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM I ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv RwbZ
msNvZ cwijw¶Z n‡”Q, ZvB RbvwaK¨ RwbZ Kvi‡Y 1974 mvj †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K g¨vj_v‡mi †`k wn‡m‡e
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
Kvg¨ RbmsL¨vZZ¡ t †Kvb †`‡ki RbmsL¨v hLb †m †`‡ki m¤ú` I my‡hvM myweavi mgvb nq ZLb Zv‡K Kvg¨
RbmsL¨v e‡j| Kvg¨ RbmsL¨v ZZ¡vbyhvqx evsjv‡`k‡K RbvwaK¨ ejv hvq| KviY G Z‡Z¡i e³e¨ Abyhvqx RbmsL¨v
Kvg¨ RbmsL¨vi AwaK n‡j Drcv`b n«vm †c‡q gv_vwcQz Avq Kg n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li RvZxq Avq I
Drcv`b gv_vwcQz Avq AZ¨š— Kg| BBS-Gi A_¨vbyhvqx 2000 mv‡j kZKiv cÖvq 44.30 fvM †jvK `wi`ª mxgvi
wb‡P Ges 20 fvM †jvK Pig `wi`ªve¯’vq emevm Ki‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖPzi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` cÖvwßi m¤¢vebv _vK‡jI Avwe®‹vi I e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| d‡j
RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡jI m¤ú` ev‡owb| eZ©gv‡b RbmsL¨v evo‡Q 1.47% nv‡i wecix‡Z Lv`¨ Drcv`b evo‡Q gvÎ
1.5% nv‡i| GLv‡b Rb¥-g„Zz¨i DaŸ© nviB †ewk| hw`I gv_vwcQz Avq mvgvb¨ e„w× cv‡”Q ZeyI `vwi`ª, †eKviZ¡,

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 19
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

Rxeb hvÎvi wbgœgvb, wbi¶iZv, ¯^v¯’¨ I cywónxbZv, wf¶ve„wË, AcivacÖeYZv, `yb©xwZ mgm¨v e„w× cv‡”Q, Av_©-
mvgvwRK †¶‡Î cÖwZwU ¯—‡i †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡Q| myZivs RbmsL¨vùxwZ evsjv‡`‡ki GK b¤^i RvZxq mgm¨v|

1.3 RbmsL¨vùxwZi cÖfve

RbmsL¨v ùxwZ evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Ki‡Q| RbRxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb †¶Î
†bB †hLv‡b RbmsL¨v ùxwZi weiƒc cÖwZwµqv cwijw¶Z nq bv| wb‡gœ wewfbœ †¶‡Î Gi ¶wZKi cÖfve¸‡jv Zz‡j
aiv n‡jv t
1| Lv`¨ NvUwZ t evsjv‡`‡k `ª“Z RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L Lv`¨ Drcv`b Kiv hv‡”Q bv| d‡j cÖwZ eQi
15-20 j¶ Ub Lv`¨ we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vbx Ki‡Z nq|
2| †eKviZ¡ t RbmsL¨v e„w×i cÖfve cÖwZ eQi Kg©¶g †jv‡Ki msL¨v e„w× ‡c‡jI Avkvbyiƒc wkí-KviLvbv M‡o bv
DVvq †eKviZ¡ we‡kl K‡i Kg©¶g wkw¶Z †eKv‡ii msL¨v e¨vcK nv‡i evo‡Q| d‡j Aciva cÖeYZv †e‡o
hv‡”Q|
3| `vwi`ª t evsjv‡`‡k e¨vcK `vwi‡`ª¨i cÖavb KviY RbmsL¨v ùxwZ| m¤ú‡`i Zzjbvq RbmsL¨v e„w× cvIqvq
gv_vwcQz Avq K‡g hvIqvq b~¨bZg †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Pig `vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ n‡”Q|
4| M„n I ew¯— mgm¨v t evsjv‡`‡k eQ‡i cÖvq 24 jvL †jvK e„w× cvq hv‡`i Rb¨ 4 j¶ bZzb M„n cÖ‡qvRb| G
cª‡qvR‡bi A‡a©K `wi`ª gvby‡li c‡¶ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| d‡j †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P, RivRxY© KzwU‡i
Ges kni Rxe‡b ew¯—i †bvsiv cwi‡e‡k gvb‡eZi Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q|
5| wk¶v mgm¨v t evsjv‡`‡k `ª“Z RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j wbi¶iZv, AÁZv, `¶ Rbkw³i Afve cÖf„wZ mgm¨v
†`Lv w`‡”Q| †`‡ki wk¶vi nvi e„w× †c‡jI wk¶vi ¸YMZ gvb, AeKvVv‡gvMZ my‡hvMmyweav ev‡owb|
6| ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v t µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c †`‡k ¯^v¯’¨nxbZv I cywónxbZv gvivZ¥K AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b †`‡k 50 fvM †jvKB ¯^v¯’¨nxbZvi wkKvi| d‡j AÁZv, wbi¶iZv I Lv`¨vfv‡ei `iƒb cywónxbZv I
gvivZ¥K n‡q D‡V‡Q| 1990 mv‡ji cywó Rwic Abyhvqx G‡`‡ki 65 fvM wkï Acywó‡Z fyM‡Q|
7| cwi‡ek `~lY t RbmsL¨v ùxwZi cÖfv‡e cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ webó I cwi‡ek `~lY n‡”Q| †Kvb GjvKvq
RbmsL¨v †e‡o †M‡j evmM„n wbg©vY, AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb, cvwb mieivn, cqtwb®‹vkb, MvQcvjv I ebvÂj
aŸsm BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek `~wlZ nq|
8| mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv I Aciva cÖeYZv t RbmsL¨v ùxwZi d‡j mgv‡R Ø›Ø, msNvZ I Aw¯’iZv, †jvf nZvkv
evo‡Q| d‡j Aciva cÖeYZv e„w× cv‡”Q|
myZivs RbmsL¨vùxwZ G‡`‡k gvivZ¥K ¶wZKi cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡Q|

1.4 evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v ùxwZi KviY

evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v ùxwZi wcQ‡b eûwea KviY we`¨gvb| G‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U RbmsL¨v ùxwZi D‡j−L‡hvM¨
KviY¸‡jv-
1| Rjevqy I †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb t evsjv‡`k †fŠMwjK w`K †_‡K bvwZkx‡Zvò I †gŠmygx evqy cÖevn A‡j
Aew¯’Z| G A‡ji gvbyl A‡c¶vK…Z Aí eq‡m †hŠeb cÖvß nq Ges bvixiv AwaK mš—vb avi‡Y m¶g nq|
GwU evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v e„w×i †¶‡Î AbyK~j cÖfve m„wó K‡i|
2| Lv`¨vf¨vm t evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖavb Lv`¨ fvZ, i“wU, Avjy‡Z †k¦Zmv‡ii cwigvY †ekx| hv cÖRbY ¶gZv
e„w×i mnvqK|
3| K…wlwfwËK mgvR I †hŠ_ cwievi t evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl wfwËK mgvR KvVv‡gvi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q †hŠ_ cwievi
e¨e¯’v| K…wl Kv‡R AwaK †jvK cÖ‡qvRb| †hŠ_ cwievi mš—vb jvjb-cvjb mnR weavq MÖvgxY GjvKvq AwaK
mš—vb Rb¥`v‡bi cÖeYZv cwijw¶Z n‡”Q|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 20
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4| evj¨ weevn I eû weevn t evsjv‡`‡k evj¨weevn I eû weevn RbmsL¨v ùxwZi GKwU cÖavb KviY| evj¨
weev‡ni d‡j G †`‡ki †g‡qiv 14-15 eQi eqm †_‡KB mš—vb Rb¥ †`qv ïi“ K‡i Ges `xN©Kv‡ji weevwnZ
Rxe‡b Zviv mš—vb Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq †c‡q hvq| Avevi eû we‡qi d‡j GK cyi“‡li Ji‡m A‡bK
mš—vb Rb¥ †bq| d‡j RbmsL¨v ev‡o|
5| wbi¶iZv I AÁZv t evsjv‡`‡k 38% fvM †jvK wbi¶i Ges †m Kvi‡Y AÁZv I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ Ges
Am‡PZb| d‡j Zvi cwiev‡i RbmsL¨v e„w× †h RvZxq Rxe‡b ¶wZKi cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
6| ag©xq åvš— aviYv t G‡`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvK ag©fxi“ wKš‘ h‡_ó ag©xq Áv‡bi Afv‡e Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ‡K
cvc g‡b K‡i| G aviYv mš—vb jv‡f mnvqZv K‡i|
7| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Afve t G‡`‡k eva©‡K¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †Kvb e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq G †`‡ki gvbyl †kl
m¤^j wn‡m‡e AwaK mš—v‡bi Rb¥ w`‡q _v‡K|
8| wPË we‡bv`‡bi Afve t G‡`‡ki 75 fvM †jvKB wPË we‡bv`‡bi cÖvwZôvwbK my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ| d‡j
cwievi msmM© wPËwe‡bv`‡bi Dcvq, G‡Z RbmsL¨v e„w× cvq|
9| `vwi`ª t evsjv‡`‡ki 60 fvM †jvK Pig `vwi`ª mxgvi bx‡P emevm K‡i| wgt wWt K¨v‡óªv Zuvi weL¨vZ
Geography of Hunger MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb, ¶zavZ© gvby‡li cÖRbY ¶gZv A‡c¶vK…Z †ekx| evsjv‡`‡k GUv
cÖ‡hvR¨|
10| bvix wk¶v I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve t evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk bvix wk¶vi Av‡jv †_‡K ewÂZ I cÖvwZôvwbK K‡g©
wbhy³ bv _vKvq Ges wbgœ mvgvwRK gh©v`vi Kvi‡Y mš—vb Rb¥`v‡b cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i|
Dch©y³ KviY QvovI wkï g„Zz¨i AvwaK¨, cyÎ mš—vb jv‡fi ¯ú„nv, RbmsL¨v wbqš¿b Kg©m~Pxi wbgœ mvdj¨
cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y RbmsL¨v e„wׇZ mnvqK f~wgKv iv‡L|

1.5 evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v ùxwZ `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq

evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v e„w×i †hgb eûgywL KviY we`¨gvb †Zgwb RbmsL¨v ùxwZ `~ixKi‡Y eûgyLx c`‡¶c MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e| †hme c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡j RbmsL¨v ùxwZ †iva Kiv m¤¢e Zv wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
1| RbmsL¨v bxwZ cÖYqb t evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v ùxwZi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i gvV ch©v‡qi Kg©x I
RbcÖwZwbwai mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i RbmsL¨v bxwZ cÖYqb Kiv DwPZ|
2| RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y Kg©m~Px †Rvi`viKiY t wek¦e¨vcx RbmsL¨v wbqš¿‡Yi mdj I ¯^xK…Z c×wZ n‡”Q cwievi
cwiKíbv, eZ©gv‡b Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZi RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡K MÖnY K‡i bv, ZvB GB c×wZ‡Z RbwcÖq K‡i
Zzj‡Z n‡e|
3| ¯’vbxq †bZ…Z¡ m„wó t MÖvg miKvi, BDwbqb cwil` †Pqvig¨vb, gmwR‡`i Bgvg‡`i cÖwk¶Y w`‡q RbMY‡K
DØy×Ki‡Yi Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e|
4| Rxeb hvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb t Rxeb hvÎvi gvb e„w× †c‡j Rb¥ nvi n«vm cvq, ZvB K…wl I wk‡íi Dbœqb, Kg©ms¯’vb
e„w× cÖf„wZ c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| bvix wk¶v we¯—vi I Kg©ms¯’vb t RbmsL¨v wbqš¿‡b cyi“‡li †P‡q bvix‡`i f~wgKvB AwaK, ZvB bvix‡`i
wkw¶Z I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡j RbmsL¨v e„w× †iv‡a mnvqK n‡e|
6| evj¨ weevn I eûweevn †iva t evj¨ weevn I eû weevn †iv‡a RbM‡Yi `„wófw½i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| GB
Rb¨ 1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡bi weavb g‡Z we‡qi †¶‡Î †Q‡j‡`i 25 I †g‡q‡`i 22 eQi
Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 21
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

7| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP we¯—vi, `yt¯’ I eva©K¨ fvZv, †cbkbvi‡`i my‡hvM myweav e„w× Ki‡j mš—v‡bi Dci
wbf©ikxjZv Kg‡e|
8| wPË we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v t wPË we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM-myweav e„w× †c‡j Rb¥nvi n«vm cvq| ZvB RbM‡Yi Av‡gv`-
cÖ‡gv‡`i Rb¨ e¨vcK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
9| ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi `~ixKiY t evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk AÁ I Awkw¶Z †jvK‡`i gv‡S RbmsL¨v wbqš¿b m¤ú‡K©
bvbv Kzms¯‹vi i‡q‡Q| Rb¥ wbqš¿b wkï nZ¨v bq, ag©xq weavb gvby‡li Ag½jRbK Ae¯’vi mg_©b n‡Z cv‡i
bv| G wel‡q RbM‡Yi `„wófsMxi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| G †¶‡Î gmwR‡`i Bgvg I gvIjvbv mv‡ne‡`i DØy×
Ri“ixKiY|
10| cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~wP RbwcÖqKiY t cÖPwjZ Rb¥wbqš¿b c×wZi RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl cwievi cwiKíbv
Kg©m~Px MÖnY Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq bv| ZvB GB c×wZ‡K RbwcÖq K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|
myZivs RbmsL¨v ùxwZ †iv‡ai Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb MÖvgwfwËK Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi KiY Ges wk¶vi m¤cÖmviY|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 22
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV-2 t `vwi`ª
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

`vwi`ª¨ Kv‡K e‡j Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡k `vwi`ª¨ †Kb mgm¨v Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

`vwi‡`ª¨i KviY wPwýZ Ki‡Z|

`vwi`ª¨ wbim‡bi Dcvq mg~n Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
`vwi`ª¨ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg mvgvwRK mgm¨v| `vwi`ª¨ Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK mgm¨vi KviY I e‡U| `vwi`ª¨ Ggb
GKwU †bwZevPK Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡K eySvq| †hLv‡b gvby‡li b~¨bZg †gŠj gvbweK Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z mg_© nq
bv| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y e¨w³ †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z bv cvivq mvgvwRK gh©v`v I n«vm cvq wk¶v ¯^v¯’¨| wbivcËvi
mKj my‡hvM †_‡K Rxeb jv‡f e¨_© nq| we‡k¦i `wi`ª¨ †`k¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg evsjv‡`k| evsjv‡`‡ki mKj Dbœq‡Yi
cÖwZeÜK `vwi`ª| mvaviYZ `wi`ª ej‡Z Afve AbUb Am”QjZv I A¶gZv‡K eySvq, mgvR weÁvbx wMwj‡bi g‡Z,
Òhv‡`i Rxeb hvc‡bi gvb mgv‡R weivRgvb Rxeb hvÎvi gv‡bi wb‡P ZvivB `wi`ª¨|Ó
2.1 msÁv t `vwi`ª ej‡Z Ggb GK cxov`vqK mvgvwRK A_©‰YwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡K eySvq †hLvb RbMY Rxeb avi‡bi
b~¨YZg cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ Zviv A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj Ges mgv‡R wbgœ gh©v`vi
AwaKvix n‡q _v‡K|
2.2 `vwi‡`ªi cÖfve t evsjv‡`‡k `vwi`ª¨ ïay gvÎ mgm¨vB bq| Ab¨vY¨ mgm¨v m„wói Rb¨ I `vqx| `vwi‡`ª¨i cÖfve
m~`~i cÖmvix †hgb-
1| `vwi`ª GKwU AevwÃZ cwiw¯’wZ hvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Rxeb avi‡bi b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
2| AcywiZ Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z bv ‡c‡i RbM‡Yi gv‡S Af¨š—ixY Pvc, D‡ËRbv, e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK Ø›Ø I
nZvkv m„wó K‡i|
3| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y K…wl‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Z bv cvivq K…wl Drcv`b gvivZ¥K e¨vnZ n‡”Q, hv
RvZxq DbœwZ I AMÖwMwZ‡Z Aš—ivq m„wó Ki‡Q|
4| `vwi‡`ª¨i AÁZv I wbi¶iZvi Rb¨ `vqx|
5| `vwi`ª¨ bvbv ai‡bi AmvgvwRK I Acivag~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¥‡`q|
6| `vwi`ª¨ `~Y©xwZ e„wׇZ mnvhK|
7| mgvR Ges mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K `vwi`ª¨ m„wó nq|
8| RbmsL¨v ù«xwZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, ag©vÜZv I d‡ZvqvevRx `vwi`ª¨ m„wói Rb¨ mnvqK|
9| cywónxbZv, `v¤úZ¨ Kjn, cvwievwiK fv½b, cwZZve„wË cÖf„wZ mgm¨vi g~‡j `wi‡`ª¨i cÖfve we`¨vgvb|
10| `vwi`ª¨ cwigvc †hvM¨ Ges `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Y RbMY m‡PZb|
Dchy³ Av‡jvPbvq †`Lv hv‡”Q `vwi‡`ª¨i gv‡S mvgvwRK mgm¨vi mKj ‰ewkó¨ we`¨gvb| Av_©-mvgvwRK
Rxe‡b me©ÎB `vwi‡`ª¨i ¶wZKi cÖfve j¶bxq| myZivs msMZ Kvi‡YB ejv hvq, `vwi‡`ª¨i GKwU gvivZ¥K
mvgvwRK mgm¨v Ges eûmgm¨v m„wói KviY I Drm|
2.3 evsjv‡`‡k `vwi‡`ª¨i KviY t evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vcK `vwi`ª¨ GK w`‡bi m„ó bq, `xN© w`‡bi Av_©-mvgvwRK,
ivR‰bwZK, †fŠMwjK I cwi‡e‡kMZ Ae¯’vi dj| G †`‡ki `wi`ª¨Zvi Rb¨ eûwea KviY we`¨gvb, †hgb-
1| Jc‡b‡ewkKZv t `xN© `yBkZ eQi weªwUk kvmb, `yBhy‡Mi I AwaK mgq cvwK¯—v‡bi Jcwb‡ewkKZv G †`‡ki
†jvK GKvwaKevi we‡`ªvn K‡i‡Q Ges ab m¤ú` †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q `wi‡`ª wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 23
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

2| AbybœZ K…wl e¨e¯’v t evsjv‡`k K…wl cÖavb ‡`k| G‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi cÖavb Drm K…wl| wKš‘ gvÜvZvi
Avg‡ji Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi Kvi‡Y K…wl Drcv`b me©wbgœ ch©v‡q i‡q‡M‡Q Ges K…l‡Kiv `vwi`ªZv KvwU‡q DV‡Z
cvi‡Qbv|
3| RbmsL¨v ùxwZ t evsjv‡`‡k `ª“Z RbmsL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q wKš‘ †h nv‡i RbmsL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q| wKš‘ †m nv‡i Lv`¨
Drcv`b e„w× cv‡”Q bv| d‡j `wi`ª Zxeª AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q|
4| wk‡í AbMÖmiZvt AvaywbK hy‡M GKwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡Yi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q wkívqb wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k ‡Zgb wkí
KviLvbv M‡o DV‡Q bv Aciw`‡K KzwUi wkí w`b w`b wejyß n‡q hv‡”Q| d‡j K…wl-ewnf©~Z †eKvi‡`i
Kg©ms¯’vb bv nIqvq †eKviZ¡ evo‡Q|
5| cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M t c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK `y‡hvM© KewjZ †`k ¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| evsjv‡`k cÖwZ eQi, N~~wY©So,
R‡jv”Q¡vm, eb¨v, b`x fv½bRwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi cÖPzi ab-m¤ú` aŸsm n‡q †jvKRb `wi`ª I wbt¯^ n‡q
hvq|
6| ΓwUc~Y© wk¶v e¨e¯’v t eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ MZvbyMwZK wk¶v e¨e¯’v, KvwiMix `¶Zv ewR©Z, ˆeÁvwbK I
cÖhyw³MZ wk¶v e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq wk¶v †k‡l PvKzixi wbðqZv bv _vKvq `vwi`ª¨ e„w× cv‡”Q|
7| bvix wk¶vi Afve t †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©K bvix| AÁZv, Awk¶v, Am‡PZbZv I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
Afv‡e Zviv Drcv`bg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ n‡Z cvi‡Q bv| d‡j Zviv wbf©ikxj Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Q|
8| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i Ace¨envi t †`‡ki cÖhyw³MZ AcÖZzjZv I we‡`kx‡`i Pµv‡š—i Kvi‡Y I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`
D‡Ëvjb Kiv hv‡”Q bv| d‡j RvZxq Avq bv evovq `wi`ªZv I Kg‡Q bv|
9| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Afve t evsjv‡`‡k GL‡bv e¨vcK mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~Px Pvjy nqwb| d‡j Amy¯’Zv,
eva©K¨ †eKviZ¡, dmjnvbx, cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M Kvjxb miKvi KZ…©K ch©vß mn‡hvwMZvi my‡hvM bvB| d‡j Zviv
`vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ n‡”Q|
10| ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv t evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv †j‡MB _v‡K| niZvj, ag©NU, kªwgK msÁvZ,
`jxqKiY, ¯^Rb-cÖxwZ cÖf„wZ Dbœq‡Y evuav m„wó Kivq `vwi`ª¨ e„w× cvq|
myZivs `vwi`ª¨ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU RwUj mgm¨v| D‡j−wLZ Kvi‡Y G mgm¨v w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q Ges
Ab¨vY¨ mgm¨vi m„wó n‡”Q|

2.4 `vwi`ª¨ `yixKi‡Yi Dcvq

`wi`ª evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU eûgyLx mgm¨v| ZvB ev¯—e gyLx c`‡¶‡ci ga¨‡g Zv `~ixKiv †h‡Z cv‡i, wb‡gœ
`vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq ¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|
1| RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y t `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡bi Rb¨ RbmsL¨v ùxwZ‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e| cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~wP‡K
Av‡iv †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY bxwZ cÖYqY t mvgvwRK Rwic I M‡elbvi gva¨‡g `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡bi Rb¨ m~`~i cÖmvix bxxZ
I cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| K…wl DbœqY t K…wl cÖavb evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ªª `~ixKi‡Yi mnR Dcvq n‡”Q K…wl DbœqY| K…wl‡Z AvaywbK
hš¿cvwZ mieivn, mgqgZ, fvj exR I mvi cÖvwßi wbðqZv K…wl Drcv`b evov‡Z mnvqK n‡e|
4| wkí wbf©i A_©bxwZ M‡o †Zvjv t ¯’vbxq KvuPvgvjj wfwËK wkí KviLvbv `ª“Z MwZ‡Z M‡o Zz‡j wkí
A_©‰bwZK Kvh©µg m¤cÖmviY|
5| KzwUi wk‡íi DbœqY t ‡`‡ki wejyß cÖvq KzwUi wkí‡K cÖ‡qvR‡b fyZy©Kx w`‡q cyYi“¾xweZKiY, G‡Z †eKviZ¡
jvNe n‡e Ges `wi`ª¨ n«vm cv‡e|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 24
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

6| mgev‡qi cÖmvi t †`‡ki K…lK kªwgK hyeK, hyeZx‡`i msMwVZ K‡i mgev‡qi gva¨‡g, K…wl †cvwëª, eYvqb,
Kg©m~Px I I e¨emv †¶‡Î DbœqY|
7| cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M †gvKv‡ejv t b`x fv½b, eb¨v, R‡jv”Q¡vm cÖwZeQi G‡`‡k nvbv‡`q e¨vcK ebvqb, eb¨v
wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY, K‡i GB mg¯— cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e|
8| hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi DbœqY t GKwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡Yi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v| cwienY I hvZvqvZ
e¨e¯’vi DbœqY Kiv n‡jv K…wlRvZ cY¨ evRviRvZKiY mnR n‡e Ges K…l‡Ki ¯^”QjZv e„w× cv‡e|
9| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i mبenvi t G‡`‡ki AmsL¨ b`x-bvjv, Lvj-we‡j gvQ Pvl, b`x‡Z mxwgZ mgq RvUKv wbab
wbwl× I e‡½vcmvM‡i grm m¤ú` AvniY Ki‡j `wi`ª n«vm cv‡e|
10| mvgvwRK wbivcËv e„w× t hy×vnZ gyw³ †hv×v‡`i cybe©vmb `yt¯’, c½y, weaev I †eKvi‡`i fvZv cÖ`v‡bi
gva¨‡g wbivcËv I †eKvi‡`i fvZv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wbivcËv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|
myZivs e¨vcK `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb my`~i cÖmvix A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv A_©vr `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
Kg©m~wP cÖYqb I ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g G mgm¨v eûjvs‡k mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
1| `vwi‡`ªi cvuPwU KviY wjLyb|
2| `vwi`ª `~ixKi‡Y Dcvq¸‡jv wjLyb|
3| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (
) wPý w`b
1| GB cv‡V `vwi‡`ª¨i MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁv w`‡q‡Qb †K?
(K) g¨vKvBfvi (L) wMwjY
(M) wRÝevM© (N) ev‡R©m
2| `vwi`ª¨ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨v?
(K) mvs¯‹…wZK mgm¨v (L) cÖvK…wZK mgm¨v
(M) mvgvwRK mgm¨v (N) ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v
4| msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi
K) †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î `vwi‡`ª¨i cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq?
L) evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vcK `vwi‡`ª¨i KviY wK wK?
M) `wi`ª `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq¸‡jv D‡j−L Ki“b|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 25
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-3 t †eKviZ¡
D‡Ïk¨
G cvVwU c‡o Avcwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

†eKviZ¡ Kv‡K e‡j?

†eKvi‡Z¡i KviYwbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

†eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq mg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki gZ RbmsL¨v fvivµvš— Z…Zxq we‡k¦i DbœqYkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z †eKvi mgm¨v fqven iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q|
GLv‡b RbmsL¨v e„w×i Abycv‡Z wkí-KviLvbv, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb, e¨vsK-exgv, Awdm-Av`vjZ Z_v Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
my‡hvM m„wó nqwb| Z`ycwi K…wl cÖavb evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li c‡¶ K…wli Dci wbf©i K‡i AvR Avi ¯^qs m¤ú~Y© _vKv
hv‡”Q bv| wk¶v †k‡l Kg©ms¯’v‡bi wbðqZv bv _vKvq gvby‡li †gav I mvg‡_©i AcPq NU‡Q| d‡j cvwievwiK I
mvgvwRK Rxeb `~we© mn n‡q A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡”Q|
3.1 †eKvi‡Z¡i msÁvt mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq, ÒmvaviYZ †Kvb Kg©¶g e¨w³i cÖPwjZ gRyix‡Z KvR Kivi B”Qv
_vKv m‡Ë¡I hw` Kg©ms¯’vb bv nq ZLb H Ae¯’v‡K ‡eKviZ¡ e‡j|
Aa¨vcK wc¸i g‡Z, ÒhLb Kg©¶g †jv‡Kiv †hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i cÖPwjZ gRywii wfwˇZ KvR Ki‡Z Pvq, A_P-
KvR cvq bv ZLb †m Ae¯’v‡KB †eKviZ¡ ejv nq|Ó
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †eKiZ¡ GKwU gvivZ¥K mvgvwRK mgm¨v| mgvR weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z eZ©gv‡b †`‡k Kg©¶g
†eKv‡ii msL¨v 40/50 fvM| hviv ciMvQv n‡q AgvbweK Rxeb hvcbKi‡Q d‡j A‡b‡K bvbv ai‡bi Aciv‡ai
mv‡_ Rwo‡q co‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ MZvbyMwZK wk¶v e¨e¯’v †eKviZ¡ e„w×i mnvqK| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b wPwKrmK,
cÖ‡KŠkjx wewfbœ †kªYxi e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶YcÖvßivI ‡eKviZ¡eiY Ki‡Q|

3.2 †eKvi‡Z¡i aib/cÖfve‡f`

evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi †eKvi i‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i †eKvi‡Z¡i wb‡gœv³ cÖKvi‡f` j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
1| c~Y© †eKviZ¡ t Kg© `¶Zvi Afv‡e †Kvb KvR bv cvIqv‡K ejv nq c~Y© †eKviZ¡| GB ai‡bi †eKviiv Rxeb
avi‡bi Rb¨ A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj|
2| ‡gŠmygx †eKviZ¡ t GB †kªYxi †eKviiv we‡kl ‡gŠmy‡g †eKvi _v‡K, cÖ‡qvRbxq KvuPvgv‡ji Afv‡e Ab¨ mgq
‡eKvi _v‡K, †hgb- B‡Ui fvUvi kªwgK, wPwb K‡ji kªwgK|
3| cÖ”Qbœ †eKviZ¡ t weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afv‡e K…wl †¶‡Î GKB Rwg‡Z 3 R‡bi AwZwi³ kªg kw³i wb‡qvM‡K
cÖ”Qbœ †eKviZ¡ e‡j|
4| cÖhyw³ RwbZ †eKviZ¡ t cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j n¯— wbf©i kªwgK †eKvi n‡q co‡j Zv‡K cÖhyw³ RwbZ †eKviZ¡
e‡j| †hgb- wmjfv‡ii nvwo-cvwZ‡ji Pvwn`v †e‡o hvIqvq Kz‡gvi m¤cÖ`vq †eKvi n‡q hv‡”Q| Kw¤úDUvi
Pvjy nIqvq †jUvi †cÖ‡mi kªwgK †eKviZ¡ eiY Ki‡Q|
5| evwYR¨ Pµ RwbZ †eKviZ¡ t †Kvb Drcvw`Z mvgwMÖi Pvwn`v K‡g ‡M‡j Drcv`b Kgv‡Z †h‡q hw` kªwg‡Ki
Kg©Py¨wZ N‡U, Zv‡K evwYR¨ Pµ RwbZ †eKviZ¡ e‡j| †hgbÑ evsjv‡`‡k RyU wg‡ji kªwgK‡`i †eKviZ¡|
6| AvswkK †eKviZ¡ t †Kvb †Kvb Kg©Pvixi ‰`wbK 8 N›Uv nv‡i KvR bv †c‡q †h AvswkK †eKvi _v‡K Zv‡K
AvswkK †eKviZ¡ e‡j| LÛKvjxb kªwgK Kg©Pvix AvswkK †eKvi|
3.3 evsjv‡`‡k †eKvi‡Z¡i KviYmg~n
evsjv‡`‡ki gZ e¨vcK `wi`ª I Rbeûj †`‡k †eKvi‡Z¡i KviY eûwea Ges GKwU mgm¨v AciwUi mv‡_
m¤ú„³ n‡q RwUj iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q| wb‡gœ evsjv‡`‡ki †eKvi‡Z¡i cÖavb cÖavb KviYmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡jv|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 26
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

1| `xN© civaxbZv t `yBkZ eQi weªwUk kvmbvg‡j wk¶v, A_©bxwZ, wkí cÖf„wZ †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k wcwQ‡q wQj|
cvwK¯—vbx‡`i ˆelg¨g~jK `„wófw½i d‡j wkí-KviLvbv I AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb bv NUvq †eKviZ¡ m„wó‡Z m~`~i
cÖmvix cÖfve †d‡j|
2| `ª“Z RbmsL¨v e„w× t evsjv‡`‡k `ª“Z nv‡i RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó n‡”Q bv| d‡j
RbmsL¨vi GK weivU Ask Kg©nxb _vK‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q|
3| cÖK…wZ wbf©i K…wl e¨e¯’v t evsjv‡`‡ki Kg© ms¯’v‡bi Ab¨Zg Drm K…wlLvZ| cÖK…wZ wbf©i K…wl e¨e¯’vq eQ‡i
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ mgq KvR _v‡K bv, d‡j K…wlKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKiv †gŠmygx †eKvi‡Z¡i wkKvi nq|
4| KzwUi wk‡íi Aejywßt cÖhyw³ wbf©i DbœZ Drcvw`Z mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v e„w× cvIqvq Kvgvi, Kz‡gvi I ZuvZx
m¤cÖ`vq w`b w`b †eKvi n‡q hv‡”Q|
5| ΓwUc~Y© wk¶v e¨e¯’vi evsjv‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ wk¶v e¨e¯’v Kg©gyLx bq| ZvB †`‡ki 40% wkw¶Z gvbyl †eKvi|
6| PvKzixi †gvn t evsjv‡`‡ki wkw¶Z †Q‡j‡g‡qiv miKvix-‡emiKvix †h‡Kvb PvKzix‡K gh©v`vKi g‡b K‡i|
d‡j AvZ¥-Kg©ms¯’vbg~jK KvR bv K‡i †eKvi _v‡K|
7| wk‡íi AbMÖmiZvi t ¯^vaxbZvi wZb`kK †cwi‡q †M‡jI †Zgb wkí-KviLvbv M‡o D‡Vwb, Ab¨ w`‡K `~e©j
e¨e¯’vcbv, kªwgK Am‡š—vlRwbZ Kvi‡Y A‡bK wkí-KviLvbv eÜ n‡q †eKviZ¡ e„w× Ki‡Q|
8| gwnjv‡`i Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve t †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K bvix| Dchy³ cÖwk¶Y, mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva,
i¶YkxjZvi Kvi‡Y Zviv A_©‰bwZK Kv‡R RwoZ n‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
9| NiKz‡bv ¯^fve t Avj‡m¨i Kvi‡Y cwievi-cwiRb †Q‡o A‡b‡KB we‡`k-wef~©B‡q KvR Ki‡Z †h‡Z Pvqbv
e‡j †eKvi Rxebhvcb K‡i|
10| ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv t ¯^vaxbZv D‡Ëvi evsjv‡`‡k Nb Nb niZvj, ag©NU †j‡MB Av‡Q| evi evi miKvi
cwieZ©b NUvq wkí I e¨emv cÖwZôvb M‡o DV‡Q bv| d‡j Kg© ms¯’v‡biI my‡hvM m„wó n‡”Q bv|

3.4 †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq

evsjv‡`‡k †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ eûgyLx c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| †h
mKj c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ Zv wbgœiƒct
1| bZzb bZzb Kg©ms¯’vb t †`‡ki wkí bxwZi RwUjZv `~i K‡i miKvwi, †emiKvix I †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M wkí ¯’vc‡b
mn‡hvwMZve„w×|
2| AvZ¥-Kg©ms¯’vb Kg©m~Px MÖnY t wewfbœ ai‡Yi nuvm-gyiMxi Lvgvi cÖwZôv, grm Pvl, QvMj cvjb, ebvqYmn
RbMY‡K e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y w`‡q AvZ¥Kg© ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
3| KzwUi wk‡íi c„ô‡cvlKZv t wewfbœ fZz©Kx w`‡q n‡jI idZvbxgyLx KzwUi wkí‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
4| RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y t RbmsL¨v A¯^vfvweK e„w× †iv‡a cwievi-cwiKíbv Kg©m~Px †Rvi`vi K‡i ewa©Z †eKvi
mgm¨v †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| Kg©g~Lx wk¶v Pvjy t cÖPwjZ mvaviY wk¶vi cwie‡Z© e„wËg~jK KvwiMix wk¶v e¨e¯’vi cÖPjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
6| bvix‡`i Kg©ms¯’vb t i¶bkxjZv †_‡K‡ewo‡q G‡m †`‡ki A‡a©K Rb‡Mvôx bvix‡`i wk¶v I cÖwk¶‡Yi
my‡hvM w`‡q Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
7| RvZxq Kg©ms¯’vb bxwZcÖYqY t wew”Qbœ I AmsMwVZc`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g e¨cK Kg©ms¯’vb m¤¢e bq| RvZxq
Kg©msm_vb bxwZ cÖYqY K‡i| Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|
8| †gŠmygx we‡kl Kg©m~wP MÖnY t evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK‡`i eQ‡ii D‡j−L‡hvM¨ mgq KvR _v‡K bv| ‡gŠmygx †eKviZ¡
`~i Kivi Rb¨ ¶z`ª FY cÖ`vb I Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP Pvjy Kiv|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 27
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

9| Rbkw³ idZvwb e„w× t we‡`‡k RbmsL¨v idZvwbi gva¨‡g cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©Y Kiv hvq| ZvB Dchy©³
cÖwk¶Y, cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZgvjv I KzU‰bwZK m¤úK© e„w× K‡i RbmsL¨v idZvwb K‡i †eKviZ¡ `~i Kiv m¤¢e|
10| mvgvwRK Rwic t e¨vcK wfwËK mvgvwRK Rix‡ci gva¨‡g ‡eKv‡ii cÖK…Z msL¨v, `¶ †eKvi, †eKvi‡Z¡i
aib, c~bev©m‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e|
myZivs Dch©y³ c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi ga¨w`‡q G‡`‡ki †eKvi mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Yi c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Abykxjbx
1| †eKviZ¡ ej‡Z Avcwb wK ey‡Sb- wjLyb (AbyaŸ© 50 wU kã Øviv)
2| †eKv‡Z¡i KviY-¸‡jv wKwK? wjLyb|
3| cv‡VvËi g~j¨qb
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`bt
1| GB cv‡V †eKvi‡Z¡i cÖKvi‡f` KqwU?
(K) 3wU (L) 5wU
(M) 6wU (N) 10wU
2| GB cv‡V †eKvi‡Z¡i KqwU KviY †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 7wU (L) 10wU
(M) 15wU (N) 12wU
4| msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1| †eKvi‡Z¡i KviY mg~n wjLyb|
2| †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡bi Dcvq mg~n wjLb|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 28
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV-4 t wbi¶iZv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

wbi¶iZv wK Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

wbi¶iZvi KviY mg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
wk¶v gvby‡li GKwU Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK Pvwn`v n‡j I evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Ask wk¶vi Av‡jv †_‡K
ewÂZ| wk¶vi Afve ev wbi¶iZv gvbyl‡K Aag cïi ch©v‡q wb‡q Av‡m| wbi¶iZvi Kvi‡Y Acywó, Kyms¯‹vi
bvbvwea Kz-cÖ_v mgv‡R we`¨gvb| ZvB wbi¶iZv evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iKwU Ab¨Zg mvgvwRK mgm¨v|
3.1 evsjv‡`‡k wbi¶iZvi cÖK„wZ t evsjv‡`‡k wbiv¶iZvi cÖfve e¨vcK I we¯—…Z| 1995 mv‡ji cwiKíbv
Kwgk‡bi wk¶v cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx mvZ eQ‡ii Ic‡ii 44.3 fvM wkw¶Z gwnjv‡`i wk¶vi nvi 28.5 fvM
Ges cyi“‡li wk¶vi nvi 50.4 fvM| kni I MÖv‡gi wk¶vi nvi h_vµ‡g 63 fvM Ges 36.6 fvM| 1995
mv‡j cÖvBgvix ch©v‡q wk¶KQvÎ AbycvZ wQj 1t90 Rb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vcK Rb‡Mvôx wbi¶i|
wbi¶iZv wb‡RB ïay mgm¨v bq Ab¨vb¨ eû mgm¨vi mªóv| `wi`ª, AÁZv, gv_vwcQy wbgœ Avq Zvi e¨vcK
wbi¶iZviB djkÖ“wZ|
3.2 wbi¶Zvi msÁv
mvaviYZ wbi¶iZv ej‡Z cVb ¶gZvi Afve‡K eySvqt
BD‡b‡¯‹v (UNESCO)-Gi msÁvbymv‡iÑ
The inability of reading and writing with understanding, any short and simple statement
on everyday life is called illiteracy.
Òwbi¶iZv n‡”Q ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi †h‡Kvb ¶z`ª I mvaviY e³e¨ Dcjwãmn cov I wjLvi A¶gZv|Ó
myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi †Kvb ¶y`ª I mvaviY e³e¨ Dcjwãmn cov I wjLvi A¶gZv‡K
wbi¶iZv e‡j|

3.3 evsjv‡`‡k wbi¶iZvi KviY

evsjv‡`‡k wbi¶iZvi eûgyLx KviY i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖavb cÖavb KviY mg~n D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv|
1| `vwi`ª¨ t evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk‡jvK Pig `wi`ª mxgvi bx‡P emevm K‡i| `vwi‡`ª¨i Rb¨ AwaKvsk wcZv-gvZv
mš—vb‡`i †cUcy‡o LvIqv‡Z cv‡ibbv| d‡j ¯‹z‡j I cvVvb bv|
2| RbmsL¨v ùxwZ t RbmsL¨v ùxwZ evsjv‡`‡k wbi¶iZvi Rb¨ Ab¨Zg KviY| evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ eQi ewa©Z
wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K we`¨vjq ¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e nq bv e‡j wbi¶iZv wbqš¿Y m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|
3| wk¶v‡k‡l Kg©ms¯’v‡bi AwðqZv t †`‡k wkw¶Z †eKv‡ii msL¨v GK †KvwUi I ‡ekx| Gi g‡a¨ Wv³vi,
BwÄwbqv‡ii msL¨vI D‡j−L‡hvM¨| d‡j e¨q eûj wk¶v jv‡fi †P‡q gvbyl wbi¶i _vK‡ZB cQ›` K‡i|
4| wk¶vi e¨q e„w× t wk¶vi DcKiY eB, cy¯—K, KvMR, Kjg, we`¨vjq, I Avbylw½K A¯^vfvweK e¨q e„w×
cvIqvq A‡b‡K B‡”Q _vKv m‡Z¡I †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡K †jLv cov †kLv‡Z cv‡i bv|
5| AbybœZ hvZvqvZ t evsjv‡`‡k mgZjf~wgi PivÂj _vKvq †mLv‡b hvZvqvZ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv `~i
`~iv‡š—i we`¨vj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
6| we‡`kx kvmK‡`i Ae‡njv t ¯^vaxbZv cye©eZx©Kv‡j we‡`kx kvmKiv G‡`‡k wk¶vi cÖmv‡i †Zgb D‡`¨vM MÖnY
K‡i wb|
7| wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^íZv t evsjv‡`‡k µgea©gvb wk¶v_x©i Zzjbvq †Kvb ¯—‡iB Kvw•LZ wk¶v cÖwZôvb M‡o
D‡Vwb| MÖv‡g we`¨vj‡qi Afv‡e A‡bK wkï wbi¶i _vK‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q|
8| wk¶K‡`i Avw_©K A¯^”QjZv t wk¶K‡`i gvbyl Movi KvwiMi ejv n‡j I Zv‡`i Avw_©K-my‡hvM myweav A‡bK
Kg, †`‡ki wmsnfvM †emiKvix wk¶Kiv wbqwgZ †eZb bv cvIqvq wbi¶Zvi †¶‡Î †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡Q|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 29
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

9| ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv t eZ©gvb wk¶v e¨e¯’vq mvaviY I KvwiMix wk¶vi mgš^q bv _vKvq †eKviZ¡ e„w×
cv‡”Q| d‡j RbMY wk¶vi cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q ‡dj‡Q|

wbi¶iZv `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq

evsjv‡`‡ki wbi¶iZvi Rb¨ †hgb eûwea KviY we`¨gvb| ZvB eûgyLx ev¯—e m¤§Z I Z_¨ wfwËK `xN© cwiKíbvi
gva¨‡g wbi¶iZv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡gœ wbi¶iZv `~ixiKi‡Yi Dcvq mg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
1| `wi`ªZv `~ixKiY t `wi`ªZv evsjv‡`‡k wbi¶iZvi Ab¨Zg KviY miKvi †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
bvixKj¨vY, hyeKj¨vY, MÖvgxY mgvR I kni mgvR‡mev Kg©m~wPi Øviv `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Y ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
2| eq¯‹ wk¶vi we¯—vi t Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wekvj GK Rb‡Mvôx eq¯‹ bvix-cyi“l wbqwgZ covïbv Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
eq¯‹ wk¶v Kg©m~wP Pvjy c~e©K Zv‡`i wbi¶iZv `~ixKi‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
3| Kg©g~Lx wk¶v t mvaviY wk¶vi cvkvcwk e„wËg~jK wk¶v Pvjy K‡i Kg©ms¯’v‡bi wbðqZv †`Lv w`‡j wk¶vi nvi
evo‡e|
4| webvg~‡j¨ wk¶v DcKiY weZiY t `wi`ª QvÎ-QvÎxi g‡a¨ AwaK cwigv‡Y eB-cy¯—K, KvMR- Kjg, webv g~‡j¨
weZi‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
5| bvix wk¶v m¤cÖmviY t †`‡ki cÖvq A‡a©K msL¨K bvix‡`i wk¶v we¯—v‡i MÖvg ch©v‡q AwaK msL¨K evwjKv
we`¨vjq ¯’vcb, D P wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b AwaK msL¨K QvÎx wbev‡mi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
6| ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi DbœqY t MÖvgv‡j †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v Lvivc †Q‡j‡g‡qÑ we‡kl K‡i el©vKv‡j ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z
cv‡i bv|
7| AwaK we`¨vjq ¯’vcb t †`‡ki RbmsL¨v e„w×i Zzjbvq wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v Kg nIqvq A‡b‡KB wk¶vi
my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| ZvB wewfbœ ¯—‡i Av‡iv AwaK msL¨K we`¨vjq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
8| ev¯—eg~Lx wk¶vbxwZ cÖYqb t ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi `xN©w`b c‡iI ev¯—e m¤§Z wk¶vbxwZ ev¯—evwqZ nqwb| myZivs
mywbw`©ó j¶¨ wfwËK ev¯—e m¤§Z wk¶vbxwZ cÖYqb Kiv DwPZ|
9| A‰eZvwbK wk¶vi cÖeZ©b t †`‡ki gva¨wgK ¯—i ch©š— A‰eZwbK wk¶v m¤cÖmviY Kiv DwPZ|
10| wk¶K‡`i ¯^”QjZv AvbqY t wk¶K‡`i h_vh_ †eZb-fvZv e„w× K‡i wk¶KZvi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó Kiv|

Abykxjb-1 mgq t 5 wgwbU

wbi¶iZv ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb wjLybÑ (Abya© 50wU kã Øviv)

Abykxjb-2 mgq t 5 wgwbU

wbi¶iZv `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq wjLybÑ (Abya© 50wU kã Øviv)
cvVv‡Ëvi g~j¨vqb- 3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b-
1| 1995 mv‡j wk¶v Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶vi nvi KZ?
(K) 34.3 (L) 40.5
(M) 44.3 (N) 505
2| GB cv‡V wbi¶iZvi KqwU KviY †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 8wU (L) 9wU
(M) 10wU (N) 12wU|
msw¶ß cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI?
1| wbi¶iZv Kv‡K e‡j?
2| wbi¶iZv `~ixKi‡bi cvuPwU Dcvq wjLyb|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 30
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV-5 t Aciva I wK‡kvi Aciva

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

Aciva Kv‡K e‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

Aciva I wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wK‡kvi Aciva cÖeYZv e„w×i KviY Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgvR †_‡K wK‡kvi Aciva cÖeYZv `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq mg~n Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
Ávb weÁvb I cÖhyw³i D‡b¥l Gi d‡j mvgvwRK cwieZ©b RwbZ Kvi‡Y mgv‡R Aciva cÖeYZv I e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
`vwi`ª¨ cxwoZ evsjv‡`‡ki eûgyLx mvgvwRK mgm¨v ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Aciva n‡”Q kx‡l©| Aci w`‡K m¤¢vebvgqx wK‡kvi
wK‡kvix‡`i g‡a¨ I AvBb jsN‡bi cÖeYZv evo‡Q| d‡j mgvR Rxe‡b g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q, mgvR we‡ivax ZrciZv
e„w× †c‡q GK Pig A¯^w¯—Ki Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| hv G‡`‡ki fwel¨r m¤¢vebv‡K A¼z‡iB webó K‡i w`‡”Q|

5.1 Aciva I wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai avibv I msÁv t mvaviYZ Aciva ej‡Z GgbGK †bwZKevPK AvPiY‡K eySvq
hv mgv‡Ri ixwZ-bxwZ g~j¨‡eva, ivóªxq AvB‡bi cwicwš’| hvi Rb¨ †bwZevPK AvPiY Kvix‡K kvw¯— jvf Ki‡Z
nq|
cÖL¨vZ gb¯—Z¡ we` Wye Gi fvlvq- ÒcÖvß eq¯‹‡`i Øviv msMwVZ †Kvb KvR hw` cÖPwjZ cÖ_v Abyhvqx wba©vixZ
AvB‡bi AvIZvq Av‡m Z‡e Zv Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|Ó
myZivs- AvBb f½Kvix KvRB Aciva †hgb- Pzwi, WvKvwZ, Pvu`v evwR, al©b cÖZviYv BZ¨vw` cÖf„wZ|

wK‡kvi Aciva
mvaviYZ wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡`i Øviv msNwUZ mgvR we‡ivax Kvh©KjvcB wK‡kvi Aciva|
eqm wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î †`k‡f‡` cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| we‡j‡Zi Kgb ÔjÕ Abymv‡i wK‡kvi Aciva n‡”Q 16 eQ‡ii Kg
eqmx bvevjK| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k wcbvj †KvW Abyhvqx wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai eqmmxgv n‡”Q 7-16 eQi|
mgvR weÁvbx G,wf Rb Gi g‡Z, ÒwK‡kvi Acivax n‡”Q wbw`©ó eqm mxgvi g‡a¨ †`‡kicÖPwjZ AvBb f½Kvix I
mvgvwRK wbqg j½bKvix, hvi PvwiwÎK e¨envi mskvab wKsev cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb we‡kl KZ…©c¶ ev wePvi‡Ki
mvg‡bnvwRi Kiv nq|Ó

5.2 wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai cÖK…wZ I j¶Y

evsjv‡`‡k wK‡kvi Acviva cÖeYZv `ª“Z nv‡i e„w× cv‡”Q| Ggb wK wK‡kvi‡`i Øviv ¸i“Zi Aciva I msNwUZ
n‡”Q G‡`‡k wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai j¶Y ¸‡jv n‡”Q-
K) ¯‹zj cvjv‡bv;
L) A‡b¨i evox‡Z wXj †Qvov;
M) webv wU‡K‡U evm-†Uª‡b ågb;
N) †g‡q‡`i wUP Kiv;
O) cix¶vq bKj Kiv;
P) Kv‡iv Mv‡q _y-_y †djv;
Q) A‡b¨i Mv‡Q dj Pzwi;
R) c‡Y©v Qwe †`Lv;
S) wQbZvB;

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 31
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

5.3 evsjv‡`‡k wK‡kvi Aciva cÖeYZv e„w×i KviY

`wi`ª KewjZ evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki cÖfv‡eB wK‡kvi Aciva cÖeYZv e„w× cv‡”Q, wb‡gœ wK‡kvi
Aciv‡ai cÖavb cÖavb KviY¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
1| Pig `vwi`ª¨ t `vwi`ª¨B evsjv‡`‡k wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai cÖavb KviY| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y wcZv-gvZvi me Pvwn`v
c~iY Ki‡Z bv cvivq wewfbœ Aciv‡a Rwo‡q c‡o|
2| Amr ms½ t wkï wK‡kviiv m½ wcÖq| Zviv msMx; mv_x‡`i AvPvi-AvPiY AbymiY K‡i _v‡K msMx wbe©vP‡b
fyj n‡j wec_Mvgx n‡q c‡o|
3| wcZv-gvZvi cÖfve t Acivax wcZvgZvi mš—vb Acivax nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| wcZv-gvZv `ybx©wZ civqY I
`y”Qwi‡Îi n‡j wkï g‡b ¶wZiKi cÖfve †d‡j|
4| we‡bv`‡bi Afve t wPË we‡bv`b Ab¨Zg ‡gŠj gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb| myôz wPË we‡bv`‡bi Afv‡e wkïiv Aciva
cÖeY n‡q I‡V|
5| AcmvwnZ¨ I Pjw”PÎ t Ak−xj cÖK…wZi wm‡bgv, g¨vMvwRb, weK…Z i“wPi cwÎKv, Mí, wf.wm.Avi, e−y-wd¬g
BZ¨vw` Acms¯‹…wZ wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i Acivax K‡i †Zv‡j|
6| we`¨vj‡qi cwi‡ekt eZ©gv‡b wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv AQvÎ bvgavix‡`i Øviv KjywlZ fvsPzi, wek„sLjv wbZ¨-
‰bwgwËK NUbv, hv wkï‡`i Aciva cÖeY n‡Z mnvqK|
7| mnRjf¨ A_©t abxi `yjv‡jiv AwZwi³ A_© †c‡q Zv LiP Kivi Rb¨ mn‡RB Aciv‡ai mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡o|
8| cvwievwiK wek„•Ljv t wcZv-gvZvi we‡”Q` wKsev g‡bvgvwjb¨ SMov, weev‡` wjß _vK‡j †mB mg¯— wkïiv
wcZv-gvZvi †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡ZcQ›` K‡i Ges Aciv‡a Rwo‡q c‡o|
9| ‰`wnK Kvi‡Yt Aciva weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z, ˆ`wnK weKjv½ ev c½yZ¡ wKsev wPii“MœZv wkïi g‡b we‡Øl m„wó K‡i
Ges †m †¶‡Î wkïiv Aciva cÖeY n‡ q D‡V|
10| cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M t evsjv‡`k c„w_exi Ab¨Zg cÖvK…wZK `y‡hvM© cÖeY‡`k, cÖvq eQiB wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M
wkï wK‡kviiv Avkªqnxb n‡h Aciva RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i|

5.4 wK‡kvi Aciva cÖeYZv `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq

evsjv‡`‡k wK‡kvi Aciva cÖeYZv RwUj AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q| ZvB wK‡kvi Aciva `~i Kivi Rb¨ wb‡gœv³
D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
1| wcZv-gvZvi wkïi ˆ`wnK gvbwmK I kvwiixK Pvwn`vi cÖwZ †Lqvj ivLv|
2| agx©q I ˆbwZK wk¶v`vb K‡i m”PwiÎ I Av`k© bvMwiK n‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
3| mvgvwRK m¤úK© weKvk I mybvMwiK n‡Z we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKv I cwi‡ek MVbg~jK nIqv evÃbxq|
4| cvovq cvovq AwffvK mwgwZ MVb K‡i wec_Mvgx wkï wK‡kvi‡`i ms‡kva‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
5| Kzi“wPc~Y© eB-cy¯—K, g¨vMvwRb, Pjw”PÎ I e−-wd¬g wbwl× Kiv|
6| †h †Kvb Aciv‡ai mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡o‡Q Zv‡`i cÖ‡ekb, c¨v‡ivj I wK‡kvi Av`vj‡Zi e¨e¯’v K‡i
ms‡kva‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv|
7| cwiZ¨³ I D‡cw¶Z Ggb wkï‡`i c~Yevm©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ`‡¶c MÖnY|
8| wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i gvbwmK weKvk I ‰bwZK PwiÎ MVb Dc‡hvMx I mnvqK KvUz©b, g¨vMvwRb, M‡íi eB,
cvVvMvi, wUwf Abyôv‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
9| wkï hv‡Z cwiwgZ Av`i-‡mœn I mvnPh© cvq, †mw`‡K wcZv-gvZvi †Lqvj ivLv|
10| MÖvg, kni me©Î ch©vß wPË-we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv †hgbÑ †Ljvi gvV, cvK© ¯’vcb, evwl©K eb‡fvR‡bi
Av‡qvRb Kiv|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 32
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Abykxjb-1 mgq t 5 wgwbU

wK‡kvi Aciva ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb? (Abya© 50 kã Øviv)

Abykxjb-2 mgq t 5 wgwbU

GB cv‡V MwVZ wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai KviYmg~‡ni bvg wjLyb|

cv‡VËi g~j¨vqY
mwVK Dˇii cv‡V wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb eqmx wkï‡`i wK‡kvi Acivax ejv nq?
(K) 6 - 18 (L) 7 - 16
(M) 8 - 19 (N) 9 - 20
2| GB cv‡V wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai KqwU KviY D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 4wU (L) 8wU
(M) 9wU (N) 10wU|

msw¶ß cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

1| wK‡kvi Aciv‡ai j¶Y¸‡jv wK?
2| wK‡kvi Aciva `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvqmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 33
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-6 t gv`Kvmw³
g~javiYv
* gv`Kvmw³i aviYv
* gv`Kvmw³i cÖfve
* Abykxjb
* g~j¨vqY

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

gv`Kvmw³ wK Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

gv`Kvmw³i KviY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gv`Kvmw³ wbim‡bi Dcvqmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi DbœZ AbybœZ †`‡ki me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ I Av‡jvwoZ mgm¨v n‡”Q gv`Kvmw³| gvbe mf¨Zv
AvR †h `ywU wel‡q AvZ¼MÖ¯’ Zvi GKwU n‡jv cvigvbweK †evgv, AciwU n‡”Q gv`Kvmw³| gv`K GgbB GKwU
mgm¨v, hvi ms‡M eûwea mgm¨vi †hvMm~Î i‡q‡Q| mgMÖ we‡k¦i hye mgvR AvR GB fqven giY †bkvq nveyWyey
Lv‡”Q| cwiYwZ‡Z m¤¢vebvgq hye mgvR Zv‡`i D¾j fwel¨r fyjwÉZ K‡i w`‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k w`b w`b
gv`Kvm‡³i msL¨v †e‡oB P‡j‡Q, hviv `yÕ†ejv Abœ ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv ZvivI gv`Kvm³ n‡q c‡o‡Q|
myZivs GB fqven me©bvkv mvgvwRK mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³i cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv Ri“ix|

6.1 gv`Kvmw³ wK?

wewfbœ ai‡bi gv`K`ª‡e¨ Avm³‡K gv`Kvm³ ejv nq| gv`Kvmw³ GKwU mœvqweK aviYv n‡jI gv`Kvm³ e¨w³i
AvPvi-AvPi‡Y Am½wZ †`Lv †`q|
wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi msÁvbyhvqx Ògv`Kvmw³ Ggb GKwU gvbwmK cÖwZwµqv KL‡bv ev kvixwiK cÖwZwµqv, hv RxweZ
cÖvYx I gv`‡Ki wg_w¯Œqvi ga¨ w`‡q m„wó nq| cÖwZwµqvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡”QÑ gv`K `ªe¨wU Kg-‡ewk wbqwgZ
MÖn‡Yi `y`©gbxq B”Qv, gv`K`ªe¨ m„wói dj ev cÖwZwµqv cvevi Zxeª AvKv•Lv A_ev gv`K`ªe¨ bv _vKvi A¯^w¯—
Gov‡bvi cÖ‡Póv|
evsjv‡`‡ki 1989 mv‡j cÖYxZ gv`K `ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvB‡b gv`Kvm³ ej‡Z ÒkvixwiK ev gvbwmKfv‡e gv`K `ª‡e¨i
Dci wbf©ikxj e¨w³ ev Af¨vm e‡k gv`K`ªe¨ e¨enviKvix‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

6.2 gv`Kvmw³i cÖfve

1| g„Zz¨nvi e„w× cvq
2| Kg© ¶gZv nvwi‡q `wi`ª Rxeb-hvcb
3| Aciva cÖeYZv e„w×
4| ¯^vfvweK RxebhvÎv I k„s•Ljv e¨vnZ nq
5| `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b Akvwš— m„wó nq, d‡j cvwievwiK fvOb, AvZ¥nZ¨v e„w× cvq
6| AwaK jv‡fi Avkvq gv`K cvPviKvix †`‡ki mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZ‡K c½y K‡i †`q|
7| kvixwiK I gvbwmK c½yZ¡ e„w× cvq
8| Avm³‡`i m„Rbx kw³ n«vm cvq
9| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³iv wnZvwnZ Ávb k~Y¨ n‡q bvix AcniY, cwZZvj‡q Mgb K‡i
10| mvgvwRK wek„•Ljvi Rb¥ ‡`q|

6.3 gv`Kvmw³i KviY

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 34
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v gv`Kvm³ nIqvi Rb¨ Ab¨Zg `vqx| †Kvb GKwU we‡kl Kvi‡Y G mgm¨v
m„wó nq bv| G mgm¨vi wcQ‡b eûg~Lx KviY we`¨gvb| gv`Kvmw³i Rb¨ †h mKj KviY `vqx Zvi cÖavb cÖavb
K‡qKwU KviY D‡j−L Kiv n‡jvt
1| e¨_©Zv t Rxe‡bi †h †Kvb e¨_©Zv †_‡KB Rb¥ ‡bq nZvkv| nZvkvMÖ¯’ gvbyl Kíbvq gyw³i c_ LuyR‡Z †h‡q
A‡bK mgq m½‡`v‡l kL K‡i gv`Kvm³ n‡q c‡o|
2| †KŠZznj t †KŠZznjwcÖq Zvi“Y¨ A‡bK mgq m½‡`v‡l kL K‡i gv`K MÖnY K‡i c‡i Avm³ n‡q c‡o|
3| m½‡`vq t AwaKvsk hyeK gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ Zvi m½x‡`iI †bkvi RM‡Z Avbvi AvcÖvY †Póv K‡i|
4| wkívqY I knivqY t wkívqY I knivq‡Yi d‡j gvbyl Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ cwievi †_‡K wew”Qbœ _v‡K e‡j
¯^vgx mš—vbiv A‡bK mgq gv`Kvm³ n‡q c‡o|
5| `vwi`ª¨ t Pig `vwi`ª¨ Ae¯’vq wbcwZZ n‡q A‡b‡K Afve-AbU‡b Abœ-e‡¯¿i ms¯’vb Ki‡Z bv cvivq `ytmn
hvZbv †_‡K ¶wY‡Ki gyw³i Rb¨ gv`Kvm³ nq|
6| Avb›``vqK Abyf~wZ t gv`K MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi Avb›``vqK Abyf~wZi m„wó nq| G Avb›``vqK
Abyf~wZi Rb¨ A‡b‡K gv`Kvm³ n‡q c‡o|
7| wcZvgvZvi Abv`i t wmsnfvM gv`Kvm‡³i wcQ‡b g~jKviY wcZv-gvZvi Abv`i Avi Ae‡njv| AvaywbK hy‡M
wcZv-gvZvi AwZwi³ e¨¯—Zvi Kvi‡Y mvnPh© I Av`i ewÂZ †Q‡j ‡g‡qiv nZvkv I wbivcËvnxbZvq †fv‡M|
8| mœvqy Pvc t covïbv, e¨emv-evwYR¨ wKsev cvwievwiK Rxe‡b RwUj mvgvwRK Pv‡ci m¤§yLxb n‡q A‡bK mgq
mvgwqKfv‡e mvgwqK Pvc †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ gv`K MÖnY K‡i|
9| Acms¯‹…wZi AbycÖ‡e‡k cvðZ¨ ms¯‹…wZi AbycÖ‡ek, we‡`kx QvqvQwei Kzi“wPc~Y© †hŠb- D‡ËRK I †ivgvÂKi
Qwe, wfwmAvi Zi“Y‡`i †bkvMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ K‡i|
10| AÁZv t wbgœ Av‡qi †jv‡Kiv AÁZvekZ fqven cwiYwZ bv †R‡bB KvÊ-Ávbnxb fv‡eB gv`K `ªe¨ MÖnY
K‡i Pj‡Q|
myZivs ejv hvq eû Kvi‡Y hyemgvR gv`Kvm³ n‡”Q|

6.40 gv`Kmw³ `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq

evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi AwaKvsk †`‡kB gv`Kmw³ w`b w`b cÖKU AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q| ZvB GB mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Yi
Rb¨ eûgywL c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡gœ gv`Kvmw³ `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvqmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1| Drcv`b I mieivn wbwl×KiYt Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i me †`‡k Avg`vwb I Drcv`b wbwl× Kiv
AZ¨vek¨K|
2| RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kivt wewfbœ cÖPvi I MY gva¨‡g gv`‡Ki ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK cÖPvi Pvjv‡Z
n‡e|
3| Zi“Y mgvR‡K m‡PZb Kivt †bkvi ¶wZKi w`K m¤ú‡K© w`K †hgb- kvwiixK, mvgwqK gvbwmK cÖfve
m¤ú‡K© Zi“Y mgvR‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv †bkvq Avm³ Zv‡`i ¶wZKi cÖwZwµqvmg~n wfwWI K‡i ev
kU© wd¬g ˆZix K‡i †Uwjwfkb I wm‡bgvi gva¨‡g Zi“Y‡`i †`Lv‡bv DwPZ|
4| wk¶K‡`i f~wgKvt wk¶K mgvR wk¶v_©x‡`i gb I gvbwmKZvi mªóv, wk¶Kiv gv`Kmw³i Kzdj m¤ú‡K©
wk¶v_©x‡`i m‡PZb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
5| ‰bwZK Ae¶q †iva t ˆbwZK Ae¶‡qi Kvi‡Y hyemgvR gv`Kvm³ nq| ZvB mvgvwRK I ag© wfwËK
wk¶v`v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i ˆbwZKZv DbœZ Ki‡j gv`Kvmw³ n«vm cv‡e|
6| `vwi`ª¨Zv `~ixKiYt `vwi‡`ª¨i KlvNv‡Z `ytmn hš¿Yvq A‡b‡K gv`Kvm³ nq| ZvB `vwi`ªZv h_vm¤¢e `~i Kiv
n‡j gv`Kvm‡³i msL¨v n«vm cv‡e|
7| AwffveK‡`i `vwqZ¡ e„w×t †`‡ki AwaKvsk AwffveK DVwZ eq‡mi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i cÖwZ D`vmxb| ZvB
AwffveK‡`i mš—v‡bi cÖvZ¨wnK MwZwewa j¶¨ ivLv I Amrm½ cwinv‡i m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 35
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

8| ‡eKviZ¡ `~i Kivt †eKvi‡Z¡i nZvkvq A‡bK mgq hyeK-hyeZxiv gv`Kvm³ nq weavq Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ges
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c~e© ch©š— †eKvi fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
9| cvc Kvixi kvw¯— t gv`K e¨emvqx‡`i K‡Vvi kvw¯—`v‡bi gva¨‡g e¨emvqx I MW dv`vi‡`i K‡Vvi kvw¯—i
e¨e¯’v Kiv|
10| RvZxq wPwKrmv †K›`ª ¯’vcbt gv`Kvm³ e¨w³‡`i AvaywbK wPwKrmvi myweav m¤^wjZ RvZxq gv`Kvmw³ wPwKrmv
†K›`ª ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| ch©vqµ‡g †Rjv ch©v‡q kvLv Awdm Lyj‡Z n‡e|

Abykxjb-1 mgq t 5 wgwbU

gv`Kvmw³ ej‡Z wK ey‡SbÑ wjLyb (Abya© 50 kã Øviv)

Abykxjb-2 mgq t 5 wgwbU

evsjv‡`‡k gv`Kvmw³ e„w×i KviYmg~n wjLyb|

mvivsk mgq t 5 wgwbU

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqY
mwVK Dˇii cv‡V wUK (√) wPý `vI
1| GB cv‡V gv`Kvmw³i KqwU KviY D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 6wU (L) 8wU
(M) 9wU (N) 10wU

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1| gv`Kvmw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS?
2| gv`Kvmw³i KviY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3| gv`Kvmw³ wbim‡bi Dcvqmg~n wjLyb|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 36
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV-7 t cwi‡ek `~lY

f~wgKv
mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j we‡k¦ eûgvwÎgK mgm¨vi g‡a¨ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mgm¨v n‡jv cwi‡ek `~lY| cwi‡e‡ki ms‡M
gvby‡li m¤úK© wbweo| wKš‘ cwi‡ek wbf©i gvbyl wKš‘ weÁvb I cÖhyw³i e¨envi wkívqb I bMivq‡bi d‡j
cwi‡ek‡K wbôzifv‡e KvR jvMv‡”Q ZvB cwi‡ek Zvi wbR¯^ ¯^xqZv nvwi‡q bvbv `y‡hv©‡Mi wech©‡qi gva¨‡g cÖK…wZ
I †hb gvby‡li cÖwZ cÖwZ‡kva civqb n‡q DV‡Q| ZvB gvbylB AvR cwi‡ek i¶vi Rb¨ m‡PZb n‡q DV‡Q|

7.1 cwi‡ek `~lY Kx?

mvaviYZ ‡Kvb Kvi‡Y hLb cÖK…wZ Zvi ¯^vfvweKZv nvivq ev cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi Kvw•LZ gvÎv webó nq
‡mB cwi‡ek Rxe-RM‡Zi Rb¨ A¯^w¯—Ki, Amnbxq n‡q D‡V| G A¯^vfvweK ev Amy¯’ cwi‡ekB nj `~wlZ
cwi‡ek|
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, cvwb, evZvm, I gvwUmn cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi hLb Ggb †Kvb ‡fŠZ, ivmvqwbK, ‰RweK
ev †ZRw¯Œq cwieZ©b N‡U, hv cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Zvr¶wYK ev cieZx©‡Z Rxe RM‡Zi Dci †bwZevPK ev
¶wZKi cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i ZLb H Ae¯’v‡K cwi‡ek `~lY ejv nq| c„w_ex‡Z bMivq‡bi d‡j wKsev bM‡i
gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡b m„ó Kj-KviLvbv, hvbevnb I Dc‡Pcov gvby‡li Kvi‡Y cÖwZwbqZ cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡”Q|

7.2 cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi cÖfve

cwi‡ek `~l‡bi d‡j wb‡gœv³ †¶‡Î ¶wZKi cÖfve co‡Q|
1| evqy `~lY †hgb- RwUj ˆRe, AveR©bv, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, ivmvqwbK †auvqvi Kvi‡Y Pg©‡ivM, k¦vmKó, gv_v
e¨_v, eªsKvBwUm, I dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi e„w× cv‡”Q|
2| KjKvi Lvbv I Rb¥nv‡i eR©¨Øviv cvwb `~wlZ nIqvq mgy`ª, b`x, bvbv Lvjwe‡j RjR cÖvYx ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡q
cyKz‡ii gvQ wewfbœ ¶Z †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡”Q|
3| kã `~l‡bi d‡j gvbwmK wech©q, D”P i³Pvc, ü`‡ivM, mœ&vqy‡ivM e„w× cv‡”Q|
4| cÖK…wZ I AeKvVv‡gv aŸsm Kivq So, R‡jv”Qvm, f~wgK¤ú, MÖxbnvDR, cÖwZwµqv e„w× cv‡”Q|

7.3 cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY

¯’vb Kvj †f‡` cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi eûwea KviY i‡q‡Q| mvaviYfv‡e cÖavb cÖavb KviY ¸‡jv n‡”Q-
1| RbmsL¨v e„w× t RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j evmM„n wbg©vY, iv¯—vNvU ˆZix, cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y MvQcvjv I ebvÂj µgvš^‡q
aŸsm n‡q cwi‡ek `~wlZ n‡q c‡o| GQvov gjg~Î cwi‡ek `~wlZ K‡i|
2| ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki e¨envi t K…wl‡Z AwaK djv‡bvi Avkvq ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi I †cvKv
gvK‡oi nvZ ‡_‡K dmj i¶vi Rb¨ KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii d‡j cwi‡ek `~wlZ nq|
3| Drcv`b‡¶‡Î ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ e¨envi t wkí KviLvbvq e¨eüZ ivmvqwbK eR©¨ e¨env‡ii d‡j cwi‡ek `~wlZ
nq| wkí KviLvbvi Av‡k cv‡ki cyKzi Lvj wej I Rwg‡Z cvwb `~wlZ n‡q GjvKvi cwi‡e‡k wech©q K‡i
†Zv‡j|
4| hy× weMÖn t hy‡× e¨eüZ †Mvjv evi“` I AvbweK †evgvi cÖwZwµqvq gvivZ¥K cwi‡ek wech©q N‡U|
5| MÖxb nvBR cÖwZwµqv t evqy gÛ‡ji M¨vm, †hgb-Kve©b WvB A·vBW, bvBwUªK A·vBW c„w_exi Zvc gvÎv e„w×
K‡i MÖxYnvDm cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| d‡j c„w_exq fvimvg¨nxb n‡q co‡Q|
5| gvwU Lbb t wbwe©Pv‡i cvnvo KvUv, b`x †_‡K evjy D‡Ëvjb B‡Ui fvUv ˆZixi Kvi‡Y gvwUi cÖvK…wZK Aeqe
¶wZ mvwaZ nh| d‡j gvwUi am mn bvbv mgm¨v m„wó nq|
6| hvb evnb t RbmsL¨v e„w×vi †cÖw¶‡Z hvbevnb msL¨v I e„w× cv‡”Q| Mvwoi Kv‡jv †avqv n‡b©i kã gvivZ¥K
`~lY m„wó Ki‡Q|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 37
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

7| kã `~lY t emwZ GjvKvq ¯’vwcZ KiLvbvi AbeiZ kã, gvBK I †Uc †iKW©vi BZ¨vw` kã `~l‡bi m„wó
Ki‡Q| Gi d‡j †`Lv w`‡”Q bvbv ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v †hgb- mœvqy ˆeKj¨, Avjmvi, i³Pvc, ü`‡ivM m„wó K‡i
cwi‡ek `~wlZ Ki‡Q|
8| Rjve×Zv t e„wói cvwb, M„n¯’vjx Kv‡R e¨eüZ cvwb, wkí KviLvbvi cvwb cqtwb¯‹vkb e¨e¯’vq ΓwUi Ki‡Y
Rgv n‡q cwi‡ek `~lY NUvq|

7.4 cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi cÖwZKvi

cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© mviv wek¦ GLb m‡PZb| ZvB cwi‡ek `~lY †_‡K evuPvi Rb¨ †MvUv wek¦‡K wb‡b¥v³ cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
1| †h me hš¿ ev Mvwo Kv‡jv †auvqv Qovq Zv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e&
2| wbwe©Pv‡i e„¶ wbab eÜ I e¨vcK ebvq‡bi e¨e¯’v|
3| MÖxb nvDR cÖwZwµqv me©¶Y ch©‡e¶Y I wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v|
4| weKí kw³i e¨envi e¨e¯’v †hgb cÖvK…wZK M¨vm, I †mŠikw³i e¨envi e„w×|
5| RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y Ges cwiKwíZ Avevmb e¨e¯’v|
6| ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki cwie‡©Z ˆRe mvi, ¯^Y© mvi e¨envi e„w×|
7| K…wl‡Z †m‡Pi †¶‡Î Mfxi bjK~‡ci cvwbi e¨envi Kwg‡q G‡b b`x‡Z cÖevn m„wó K‡i b`xi cvwb e¨envi|
8| Mvwo‡Z nvB‡WªvKwjK nY© e¨envi I AvevwmK GjvKvq wkí KviLvbv ¯’vcb wbwl×KiY|
9| cvnvo KvUv I AcwiKwíZ b`x Lbb wbwl×KiY|

Abykxjbx- 1
1| cwi‡ek `~lY ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb wjLb (AbyaŸ© 5 wg)
2| cwi‡ek `~l‡bi cÖfve Zz‡j aibt

mvivsk t

cvVv‡Ëvi g~j¨qY
mwVK Dˇi cv‡k¦© wUK (√) wPý `vI|
1| GB cv‡V cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KqwU cÖfve D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 4 wU (L) 5 wU
(M) 6 wU (N) 8 wU
msw¶ß cÖkœ DËi `vI
1| cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY ¸‡jv wK wK?
2| gv`Kvmw³ `~ixKi‡bi Dcvq mg~n wjLyb|

BDwbU- 3 c„ôv # 38