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English Grammar

This document summarizes the main word formation processes: derivation, inflection, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, acronym, coinage, backformation, conversion. Specific examples are provided to illustrate each process, including disproportionate, superintendent, shocked, it's, lingerie, data, devil-may-care, summertime, podcast, smog, tech, vet, APIs, GEOINT, Vaseline, popsicle, freeze, compute, microwave, filter.

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benjamin ferreyra
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22 views

English Grammar

This document summarizes the main word formation processes: derivation, inflection, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, acronym, coinage, backformation, conversion. Specific examples are provided to illustrate each process, including disproportionate, superintendent, shocked, it's, lingerie, data, devil-may-care, summertime, podcast, smog, tech, vet, APIs, GEOINT, Vaseline, popsicle, freeze, compute, microwave, filter.

Uploaded by

benjamin ferreyra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English Grammar I

Examples of word formation processes.


Integrantes:
- Joaquín Gandola
- Valentina Musso
- Selene Sarba
- José Tamagno
Derivation
[… your pick-up days take on quite disproportionate
significance ...]
Disproportionate: this a case of derivation, this word is made up of three morphemes: dis-, a
bound derivational prefix that shows negative meaning, a free lexical morpheme (N), and the
bound derivational suffix -ate, joined to the free lexical morpheme in order to change it’s part
of speech, from a noun to an adjective.

[… the fines were then issued to my building


superintendent...]
Superintendent: this is an instance of derivation, the word is made up of two morphemes:
super-, a bound derivational prefix that shows higher in quality, and a free lexical morpheme,
intendent

Inflection
[… visitors to New York are often shocked when they first
encounter its powerful summertime sting of rooting garbage…]
Shocked: this is an example of inflection, this word consists of two morphemes: -ed, a bound
inflectional suffix, the morpheme /d/ is added to show past tense, and the free lexical
morpheme shock.

[… I deeply resent all this. It’s not just that the economics of the
city’s recycling are highly questionable…]
It’s: this is a case of inflection, the morpheme /z/ is added to show genitive case, -‘s is a bound
inflectional suffix, and the free lexical morpheme it.
Borrowing
[… cutting up receipts and scribbling over labels to obscure
evidence of my dodgier self-medication habits and lingerie
purchases…]
Lingerie: this is a case of borrowing from French.

[… Yet despite the growth in geospatial data creation…]


Data: this is a case of borrowing from Latin.

https://www.spacecapital.com/publications/geoint-playbook

Compunding
[… newcomers are apt to reach the conclusion that New York is
rather relaxed and devil-may-care …]
Devil-may-care: this is an example of compounding of the three free lexical morphemes: devil
+ may + care.

[… its powerful summertime sting of rooting garbage…]


Summertime: this is an instance of compounding of the two free lexical morphemes: summer +
time.

Blending
[… Here, you will find our Blog, our Podcasts, and links to vital
news and other media that will keep you in the know …]
Podcast: this is an example of blending of the two free lexical morphemes: ipod + broadcast.

https://www.spacecapital.com/publications/geoint-playbook

[… No barking from the dog, no smog and Momma cooked a


breakfast with no hog …]
Smog: this is an instance of blending of two free lexical morphemes: smoke + fog.

https://genius.com/Ice-cube-it-was-a-good-day-lyrics
Clipping
[… ecosystem that intersects with the modern tech industry and
serves customers …]
Tech: this is a case of clipping of the free lexical morpheme technology.

https://www.spacecapital.com/publications/geoint-playbook

[… with an estimated 6.4 million living vets at a median


age of 71 …]
Vet: this is an example of clipping of the free lexical morpheme veteran. Also, this is a case of
inflection, “s” the bound inflectional suffix is added, /s/ shows plurality.

https://www.military.com/history/4-important-things-know-about-vietnam-veterans.html

Acronym
[… The new “As-a-service” paradigm has unlocked
scalable modular development across compute, storage,
application programming interfaces (APIs) …]
APIs: this is an instance of acronym of the three free lexical morphemes Application
Programming Interfaces. And also this is a case of inflection, the morpheme /s/ is added to
show plurality, “-s” is a bound inflectional suffix.

https://www.spacecapital.com/publications/geoint-playbook

[… In this playbook we will walk through our thesis, which


analyzes geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) through the lens of
technology layers …]
GEOINT: this is a case of acronym of the two free lexical morphemes geospatial intelligence.

https://www.spacecapital.com/publications/geoint-playbook
Coinage
[… Three ways to use Vaseline during the winter…]
Vaseline: this is an example of coinage, the free lexical morpheme Vaseline is replacing the
free lexical morpheme chapstick.

https://www.tiktok.com/@jackiedymondskin/video/7187904482641038597?
_r=1&_t=8c30KfZFPT3&social_sharing=v3

[… You can make simple popsicle shapes or you can make


shaped pops like…]
Popsicle: this is an instance of coinage, the free lexical morpheme popsicle is a replacement for
iced lollies.

https://hungryhappenings.com/how-to-make-cakesicles-cake-pop-popsicles/

Backformation
[… How to Freeze Just About Everything …]
Freeze: this is a case of backformation, the free lexical morpheme freeze (V), has been
transformed from freezer, a free lexical morpheme (N).

https://www.nytimes.com/article/how-to-freeze-food.html

[… To equalize the dynamic range, designs typically activate a


fraction of input wires every cycle to compute a partial sum…]
Compute: this is an example of backformation, the free lexical morpheme compute (V) has
been transformed from the free lexical morpheme (N) computer.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04992-8

Conversion
[… Microwave cooking can be more energy efficient than
conventional cooking because foods cook faster and the energy
heats only the food …]
Microwave: this is an example of conversion, the free lexical morphemes microwave (V), is
turned into a noun.
https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/resources-you-radiation-emitting-
products/microwave-ovens#:~:text=Microwaves%20are%20non%2Dionizing
%20radiation,cause%20skin%20burns%20or%20cataracts

[… You can filter by several different attributes…]


Filter: this is an instance of conversion, the free lexical morpheme (N) is used as a verb.

https://support.helpdocs.io/article/l9zoiwsabq-filtering-articles

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