FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING & MECHATRONIC ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

BHM2333 ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 3

ASSIGNMENT 4
GENERATOR OF MY SPECIAL IDENTIFICATION CARD NUMBER DERIVATION
BY USING ALU, FULL ADDER AND RAM

NAME OF LECTURER:
ZULKIFLI BIN MD. YUSOF

WRITTEN BY:
MOHAMMAD HYZANHANIF BIN HAKIM
HA21033
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Table of Contents ............................................. 2

Introduction ............................................. 3

Objective ............................................. 4

Methodology ............................................. 4

Result ............................................. 5

Conclusion ............................................. 8

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INTRODUCTION
Arithmetic Logic-Unit or ALU is a vital component of the CPU and is designed to perform
arithmetic and logical operations on binary data. It consists of combinational logic circuits that can
execute a variety of operations based on the control signals it receives. For arithmetic operations, ALU
performs fundamental arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
These operations are executed on binary numbers by manipulating the individual bits. For example, to
add two binary numbers, each. Corresponding pair of bits is added, considering any carry from the
previous bit.
For logical operations, ALU also performs logical operations on binary data. It includes
operations such as logical AND, logical OR, logical NOT, and bitwise operations like shifting. Logical
operations are used for tasks such as comparing values and making decisions. and performing bitwise
manipulations on data. The control signals are generated by the CPU and sent to the ALU to specify the
operation to be performed. These signals determine whether the ALU should perform an arithmetic or
logical operation and provide additional information such as the specific operation (e.g., addition,
subtraction) and the operands involved.
ALU operates on data stored in registers, which are small, high-speed storage units within the
CPU. It retrieves data from the registers, performs the requested operation, and stores the result back in
a register for further processing. RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of volatile memory that
provides temporary storage for data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. It serves as
a working area for the CPU. allowing it to retrieve and store data rapidly during program execution.
RAM is organized into memory cells, which can store a fixed number of bits. Each cell has a unique
address that allows the CPU and other hardware components to read from and write to specific locations
in the memory.
When a computer is powered on, the operating system and programs are loaded from storage
devices (such as hard drives or solid-state drives) into RAM. The data stored in RAM is accessed much
faster than accessing data from these storage devices, which significantly improves the overall
performance of the system. RAM is considered volatile memory because its contents are lost when the
computer is powered off or restarted. This is different from non-volatile memory, such as hard drives
or solid-state drives, where data remains stored even when power is removed. The size of RAM
determines the amount of data that can be stored temporarily for quick access. Sufficient RAM enables
smooth multitasking, allowing the computer to run multiple programs simultaneously without slowing
down due to excessive reliance on slower storage devices.

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OBJECTIVE
The objective of this assignment is to design and implement a digital circuit using ALU, full adder
and RAM.
METHODOLOGY
First, my IC was converted number into hexadecimal form and an ALU was created table based
on 74181 ALU chip table for active high data. My IC number which has 12 numbers, was divided into
3 groups. Each group consists of 4 numbers. The first group use to create M=high (M=H or M=1)
columns or Logic functions column. The second group used to create M low and Cn High (M=L, Cn=H
or M=0, Cn=1) column. Third group use to create M low and Cn Low (M=L, Cn=L or M=0, Cn=0)
column. Second and Third group create the column based on arithmetical operations. I set A and B
values. A=3(or 0011 in binary) and B=7 (or 0111 in binary). After all the operations, equations will be
created. Before starting to design the circuit, I converted my Synchronous combination of 2 T-flip flop,
1 D-flip flop and 1 JK-flip flop circuit from my previous assignment into a symbol. The circuit was
designed by using 74181 ALU chip and the synchronous flip flop symbol. All the equations are verified
through the simulation in Quartus II. If the output derived from manual calculation is the same as in the
simulation, the equations are correct. I use 8 Bit full adder to sum up the values from ALU and need to
use RAM to store the values. After completely design the circuit, circuit waveform needs to be created
for the simulation.

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RESULT

Identification
Card 0 2 0 3 1 6 1 2 0 4 0 3
Number
Identification
Card 0 2 A 3 1 6 B C D 4 E F
Derivation
Table 1: Identification Card Derivation

0000
1111 0010

1110 1010

0100 0011

1101 0001

1100 0110
1011

Figure 1: State Transition Diagram

Table 2: 74181 ALU’s Datasheet for Active High Data

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 INPUT
OUTPUT
IC Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
No. in
S3 S2 S1 S0 M Cn F3 F2 F1 F0
Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 B
A 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 7
3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 F
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
6 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4
B 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3
C 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 6
D 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 B
4 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 C
E 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 F
F 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
Table 3: Table of Output
Note: Yellow for [M=L, Cn=L], Orange for [M=L, Cn=H], and Blue for [M=H]

Figure 2: Schematic diagram for Combination Synchronous of T-, D-, and JK-Flip Flop, ALU, Full
Adder and RAM

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Figure 3: Vector Waveform File for Combination Synchronous of T-, D-, and JK-Flip Flop, ALU,
Full Adder and RAM

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CONCLUSION
I have successfully produced the intended result, which is to create an Arithmetic Logic Unit
Circuit with the combination of memory circuit and Full adder circuit based on my Identity card.
Throughout the assignment, I have learned a lot about Random Access Memory (RAM), Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU), Full Adder and Bus Line. I hope that I can improvise my knowledges so that I can
create simpler designs faster in the future, I also hope that I can apply this knowledge in coming years,
especially in the working field.