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IGCSE VOLUME Notes 2021

The document discusses volume, including: 1) Definitions of common units of volume like cubic meters, liters, and milliliters. 2) Instruments used to measure liquid volumes like cylinders, beakers, and pipettes. Burettes are best for small, accurate volumes. 3) Formulas to calculate volumes of regular objects like rectangular prisms and cubes using length, width, and height. 4) Methods to measure irregular object volumes by water displacement or filling a container. 5) Measuring small volumes more accurately by collecting multiple measurements and dividing the total by the number collected.

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Kaylah Matshediso
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33 views

IGCSE VOLUME Notes 2021

The document discusses volume, including: 1) Definitions of common units of volume like cubic meters, liters, and milliliters. 2) Instruments used to measure liquid volumes like cylinders, beakers, and pipettes. Burettes are best for small, accurate volumes. 3) Formulas to calculate volumes of regular objects like rectangular prisms and cubes using length, width, and height. 4) Methods to measure irregular object volumes by water displacement or filling a container. 5) Measuring small volumes more accurately by collecting multiple measurements and dividing the total by the number collected.

Uploaded by

Kaylah Matshediso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VOLUME

It is the measure of the amount of space

1
Units of volume

Unit Symbol
Cubic millimetre 𝑚𝑚3
Cubic centimetre 𝑐𝑚3
Cubic metre 𝑚3
millilitre 𝑚𝑙

• The standard (SI) unit is 𝑚3 .

• 1 𝑚𝑙 is equivalent to 1 c𝑚3 .

• 1 𝑚3 is equivalent to 1 000 000 𝑐𝑚3 .

2
Volume of liquids
• The following instruments are used to measure the volume of liquids:
• Measuring cylinder
• Beaker
• Graduated test-tube
• Burette
• Pipette
• The burette is the best suited for measuring small volumes accurately, as small as 0.1 cm3 .
• The following precautions must be taken when taking a volume reading, in order to get an
accurate value:
• The reading should be taken at the bottom of the meniscus (meniscus is the curve at the top of a liquid
surface).
• The line of sight should be perpendicular to the scale.
• Measuring cylinders should be placed on a horizontal surface.

3
Volume of regular objects
• The volume can be calculated using one of the formulas below:

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ: 𝑽=𝑨×𝑳


𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡: 𝑽=𝑳×𝑾×𝑯
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ3 : 𝑽 = 𝑳𝟑
• Example 1: A water tank measures 5m x 3m x 1m. What is the volume of water in the tank
when it is full?
Solution: V = 𝒍 × 𝒘 × 𝒉 = 5m x 3m x 1m = 15 𝐦𝟑
• Example 2: A cylindrical wooden rod has a radius of 5 cm and a length of 20 cm. What is the
volume of the wood used to make the wooden rod?
Solution: 𝑽 = 𝑨 × 𝑳 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 × 𝑳 = 𝝅 × 𝟓𝟐 × 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟎 𝐜𝐦𝟑 (to 3 s.f.)

4
Volume of irregular objects

• Method 1
• Pour water in a measuring cylinder (not beaker) and record the volume 𝑉1 .
• Place the object in the water without splashing the water and record the new volume 𝑉2 .
• Volume of object = 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
• Method 2
• Fill a displacement can with water.
• Put the object in water and collect the overflow in a measuring cylinder.
• The volume of water collected is the volume of the object.

5
Measuring small volumes accurately
• Imagine you want to measure the volume of one drop of water as accurately as possible.
There is no instrument that can do that.

• What you can do, measure the volume of 50 drops of water by collecting them in a
measuring cylinder.

• Divide the volume reading by 50 to get the volume of one drop.

• Instead of using 50 you can use 100 and get a more accurate answer. Why is it more
accurate? It’s more accurate because if there are any errors in the measurement they will be
divided by 100 so the answer will have a smaller error.

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