A

REPORT ON

SUMMER INTERNSHIP

Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited, Gondal

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by :

Student Name: SHREYAS BHATT (20EE080)

Submitted to :

Ashish Patel

Assistant pro.

Electrical Department
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya

V.V.Nagar-388120

A.Y.: 2021-22
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The race for quality has no finish line so it’s more like a death
march. All we need in this world is hard work and confidence
and the success is sure. Success is not a oneman phenomenon
but is the result of working together.

The internship opportunity I had with Paschim Gujarat Vij

Company Limited is the result of working. a great chance for
learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider
myself as a very lucky individual as I was provided with an
opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for having a
chance to meet so many wonderful people and professionals
who led me though internship period.

Bearing in mind previous I am using this opportunity to express

my deepest gratitude and special thanks to J.E. S.S. RAWAT SIR
STAFF AND in spite of being extraordinarily busy with his duties,
took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path
and allowing me to carry out my project at their esteemed
organization and extending during the training.

At last, let us express our heartfelt gratitude to all those who

helped me directly or indirectly in completing this internship,
from beginning
Table of Content :-
i. Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
ii. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
01.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
02.About the company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
03.ERECTION OF HT & LT LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
04. Overhead Line Insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
05. METER LEBORETORY & ELECTRICITY THEFT . . . . .00
06.Solar Power Plant at moviya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
07.Transformers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
08.
1. Introduction:

My two weeks INDUSTRIES attachment with PGVCL

Industry has been one of the most interesting,
productive and instructive experience in my life.
Through this training, I have gained new upside and
more comprehensive understanding about the real
industrial working condition and practices, it a so
improve me technical and functional skills. I had learnt
many things like how solar power plant works, different
type of meter and it’s testing and installation system,
urja application, transmission line working and it’s
various components etc. All these valuable experience
and knowledge that I have gained were not only
acquired through the direct involvement in task but also
through the other aspect of training such as: work
observation, interaction with colleagues, supervisor and
other people related to the field. I’m sure that industrial
training has achieved its primary objective. As a result
of this training I’m more confident to build my future
career.
2. ABOUT THE COMPANY
 Figure 2.1 : Logo of Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited
Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. Is an electricity company that was
incorporated on 15th September, 2003 with certificate of business w.e.f. 15th
October, 2003. Commercial operation of company is started on 1st April 2005.
PGVCL is feeding electricity in 12 district of Gujarat namely Rajkot,
Jamnagar, Junagadh, Porbandar, Bhuj, Bhavnagar, Surendranagar, Amreli,
Botad, Morbi, Devbhumi Dwarka and Gir Somanath. For better
administration and consumers’ conveniences, administrative area of company
is divided in to total 11 under the control of Bhavnagar Zonal Office and 1
circle under the control of Bhuj Zonal Office.
 Total Area covered by company: 99,771 sq. km. approx.
 Total Consumers of company: 5133305
 Population Of area covered by company: 17.5 million approx.
 Total Circles : 12
 Total Divisions : 45
 Total Sub Divisions : 240
  Total Employees 13260
 Total Assessment of PGVCL for the year 2014-15 : Rs. 11009.43
( Crores )
 Total Assessment of PGVCL up to Oct – 15 : 7269.05 ( Crores )

AIM: 1) Our main aim is to supply of quality power to our valued

consumers.
2) Reduction of AT & C losses.
3) Better services to consumers in all respect.
4) Minimize the grievances of our valued consumers.

Organization and Employees:

 PGVCL works on a very strict vertical hierarchy for
working and it also follows a very strict hierarchy in a
single subdivision office also. The cooperate headquarter
office is situated at Rajkot. The zonal office for Junagadh
is situated at Bhavanagar. Junagadh circle office is
headquarter for all company’s activity in junagadh
district. Division office is a step down to circle office
which co – ordinates the activities in selected region of
Junagadh district.
  Gondal town subdivision is the last in the hierarchical
level and one of those offices in all districts which is in
direct exposure to consumers. I worked as trainee at
Gondal Town Subdivision . The flowchart of
organizational offices is as given below:
 The different departments in a subdivision are Technical,
Cash, Billing, Human Resource, Store, Theft and legal.
The subdivision town office is also known as the office of
Deputy Engineer. The general employees in a subdivision
office are Deputy Engineer, Junior Engineer, Deputy
Senior Assistant, Senior Assistant, Junior Assistant, Line
Inspector and Line staff.

3. ERECTION OF HT & LT LINE:

 I take training in Gondal town sub division of
line department & lab department for meter testing.
There I had learn how to install the HT & LT
transmission line & meter testing.

Element in Power Distribution:

I. Guy Clamp:
It is used to attach guy insulator
with pole. It is usually made of insulating
material and uses 2.5 mm bolt.
 Fig. I Guy Clamp and II Guy Insulator
II. Guy Insulator:
It is used to earth the pole and
also provide mechanical support to pole. It is
especially. used at right angle pole and end pole. It is
made of insulating material mainly porcelain.

III. Lightning arrester: It is provided at the top of

support structure. It is for sole purpose of safety
from lightning incidents. It is directly
connected to earth to avoid electrical
component to damage.
 Fig. III Lighting Arrester

IV. Bushing Insulators: They are insulating

support to conductors installed on poles . There
sizes vary according to voltage level in
conductors.
Fig. IV Bushing Insulators
V. Conductors: Conductors are the main parts of
electricity transmission . Their size varies according
to allowable current which is going to pass through it.
Different conductors of 150 mm², 70 mm², 50 mm²,
25 mm² are used according to current levels.

Fig. V. Conductors

VI. Fuse: Fuse is very important electrical device

used for protection of costly apparatus. They are
available in different sizes and ampere capacity but
their working principle is same. An 11 ampere fuse is
as shown below
 Fig. VI. Ampere Fuse. Fig VII. CT Coil
VII. CT coil: As discussed earlier, CT coil are
mainly useful in measurements. They step down the
dangerously high level current to low level of current.
A typical 250/5 CT coil is as give .
4. Overhead Line Insulators
1. Over head line conductors are bare not covered with insulating
coating.
2. So they are secure from supporting structure by means of
insulating fittings known as insulators.
3. This insulator impede flow of current from conductor to earth
through conductor supports
4. Material used for insulators are
 Porcelain
 Glass
 Steatite
 composite insulator etc.

Types of insulators:
 I. Pin Type Insulator.
II. Suspention Type Insulator.
III. Strain Type Insulator.
IV. Shackle Type Insulator.

I. Pin Type Insulator :

 This type of insulator is small, simple and cheap.
 This type of insulator use for transmission and distribution voltage upto
33KV
 The line conductor placed in groove at top of insulator and it tied down with
binding wire of the same material as conductor.
 II. Suspention Type Insulator :

 For voltage above 33KV suspention type or disc type insulator is used.
 Number of seprate disc are joined to each other by using metal link to form
string. • Each unit of suspention insulator is designed for low voltage about
11KV and depending upon the operating voltage the number of units can be
connected to series by link.

III. Strain Type Insulator :

 This type of insulator is used for handling the mechanical stresses
at angle position of the line i.e., corner or sharp curve, end of line,
long river crossing etc. • The discs of this insulator are same as
suspention type insulator but are arranged in horizontal plane.
 So for HT line strain insulator consisting of assembly of suspention
type insulator are used

IV. Shackle Type Insulator

 This type of insulator is used as strain insulator. But these are used
for low voltage distribution lines.
 These are bolted to the pole or cross arm.
 These insulators are also used in end poles, sharp curves and for
service connection.

5. METER LEBORETORY &

ELECTRICITY THEFT
5.1 Information of METER

 The energy meter is an electrical measuring device, which is used

to record Electrical Energy Consumed over a specified period of
time in terms of units.
 An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measure the
amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a
residential, business or machine.
 The most common type is a kilowatt hour meter.
 When used in electricity retailing, the utilities record the values
measured by these meter to generate an invoice for the electricity.
 They may also record other variable including the time when the
electricity was used.
 Modern electricity meters operate by continuously measuring the
instantaneous voltage and current.

1. Technical Aspects :
Manufacturer of meter
 Energy meter is basically an assembly of electrical and
mechanical components. The design of energy meter depends
upon which rating of current and voltage upon meter has to
work.
 The components like potential coils and current coils are to be
designed in accordance with customer’s requirements.
 Other components like magnets, terminals, Disc and reading
registration mechanism are to be designed accordingly.
 All these components fixed in housing and connection to be
made as per circuit designed.
 Every step needs to be checked, electrical parameters before
sub assembly. Complete assembly put on testing bench for final
testing to set accuracy of the meter.
 This testing bench is very important equipment fully
computerized.
 In this bench we have to set power factor frequency, current
ratings and speed of rotating disc.
 When every electrical parameter is checked than meter is to be
sent for despatch and ready to install in the customer’s
premises.

2. Market Potential
 Every house, small factory, business establishment, shops,
offices etc. need at least one energy meter to register power
consumption.
 The supplier of electrical raises the bill on the basis reading
shown by this meter.
 The producer of electricity sale the electricity to the electricity
boards and boards has to sale this energy to the consumer.
 Consumer needs to pay the amount against the bill raised by the
supplier. This product is available in single phase and three
phases different current rating as per customer’s requirements.


3. Single phase Eppeltone Engineers Pvt. Ltd

 Specification given on the single phase two wires static.

1. Capacity of meter 5-30 amp
2. Input voltage constant 240 volt
3. Class 1.0
4. Frequency 50 Hz
5. 3200 impulse/kWh
6. PROPERTY OF PASCHIM GUJARAT VIJ CO LTD
7. Manufactured by Eppeltone Engineers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
8. GAURANTED PERIOD : 5½ Year.

 When the meter will start at that time some specification

will come on the display are given below :
1. Company code
2. Meter serial no
3. Date & time
4. Voltage
5. Amp
6. KW
7. KWh
8. Maximus demand (KW)

 After this we can see the record stored in meter.

  If we want to see the record of last 2 month then we call
easily see by the SCROLL/BATT.
(DISPLAY PERAMETER)
Ex :
maximum demand : 00.94 kW Date : 21-04-16 Time : 17:00 -> 1st
Maximum demand : 00.96 kW Date : 28-05-16 Time : 17:30 ->

4. 3 phase 4 wire, AVON Meters pvt Ltd. Dera Bassi panjab.

 Specification given on the three phases four wire statiC.
1. Three phase 4 wire meter
2. 3*240 voltage
3. IB : 10A , Imax : 60A
4. Class : 1.0
 5. Ref temp : -27°C
6. Firmware Version : PT 567448
7. Guarantee period : 5½ years
8. Pulse rate : 1200 imp/kWh
9. MF : 1
10. Freq : 50Hz
11. property of PGVCL

 There are three zones in meters for energy calculation as per

norms :
TOD TIMING DETAIL
TOD-1 07:00 Hrs to 11:00 Hrs Peak
18:00 Hrs to 22:00 Hrs.
TOD-2 00:00 Hrs to 06:00 Hrs Night
22:00 Hrs to 24:00 Hrs
TOD-3 06:00 Hrs to 07:00 Hrs Rest
TOD-4 11:00 Hrs to 18:00 Hrs Off peak
Table 5.1 Zone for energy calculation
 There are two RED LED indicators shown on meter for kWh &
kVArh blinking indicators when energy recorded in meter.
 Reset button : monthly reset purpose as per requirement. Now a days
in static meter MD reset automatically every first day of the month.
 Two Push button
 MRI knob
 MRI data is taken by CMRI ( common meter reading instrument ) on
this port to collect meter data from this port & download in PC related
software for analysis purpose.
 From this CMRI data download in computer.

5. To check the meter some machine are used

 Now there is some machine that can useful at the time of meter
testing
1. Accucheck
 This is Accucheck machine.
 In this 230 input given.
 In the bottom right side of the accucheck there will be a
black code. It gives 230v to Accucheck.
 Same as in bottom white code is connected that is of CT
CLAMP CODE
 Black is snap switch code.
 The last bottom left side is to attach with the computer
( rounder RS 232 9 in connecter )

2. Single phase testing bench

  This is a single phase testing bench.
 This machine can check 10 meter at one time.
 At the left side main switch is there in testing bench.
 In this machine there is different type of on/off indicators like
mains, voltage, voltage/current, current & same switch is also
given down side of the on/off switch.
 At down side there is some digital meter like frequency,
voltage, current, power factor.
 In this there different on/off switch like voltage, current & CT
ratio selection In CT ratio selection there is given below
1. 5A/5A ( MF-1 )
2. 10A/5A ( MF-2 )
3. 25A/5A ( MF-5 )
4. 40A/5A ( MF-8 )
 The current output is given at the down side of the c.t. ratio
selection there we have to connect the CT.
 At the left side of the testing bench the main switch is there to on
the testing bench.
 Down side of the main switch there is one fuse of 2A for the safety
of testing bench.
 Emergency stop .

3. Three phase testing bench

Fig. 5.7 Three Phase testing bench

 This is a three phase testing bench.

 In this we can test the three phase meter
 This machine can check 20 three phase meter at one time.
 To on this testing bench one main switch is kept.
 Three phase testing bench have two parts
A. Voltages
B. Current

A. Voltage

 In voltage testing parts there are three main on switch

1. R-phase
2. Y- phase
3. B-phase
 After at the down of main on switch the supply frequency and
output voltage digital meter are kept in that digital meter we can
see the frequency & output voltage that the machine shows.
 Now there is 3 different voltage output.
1. R-phase
2. Y- phase.
3. B-phase
 Last is output voltage selection. In this we can select the two phase
like RY, YB, BR, RN, YN, BN so if we select RY then the digital
AC meter gives the output of RY.
 Same as single phase testing bench one fuse ( fuse-2A ) is also in
three phase testing bench.
 At last 2 switches is kept for output on/off.
 There are 3 separate fuse for R, Y & B.
B. current
 There are two indicators of voltage & current. First & second
indicator is for voltage on and off. Third & fourth indicator is for
current and off.
 In this three phase current testing bench three separate fuse is kept
for R, Y & B.
 In the left side of the current testing bench one output load C.T.
secondary current digital A.C ammeter is kept to see the output.
 At the down side the current output on/off switch is given for R, Y
& B.
 The current output on & off switch is kept.
 The digital output load power factor is kept to see the P.F. of
current & also shown that it is leading current or lagging current.
At the last three separate current terminals is kept for RYB to connect
the CT
 6. ELECTRICITY THEFT

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY THEFT …. ?

 It is the use of electrical power without a contract with a supplier
with total or partial bypassing metering system.

MAJOR CAUSES OF ELECTRICITY THEFT

 Absence of accountability
 Inadequate and ineffective enforcement of law.
 Political protection to employees and influential customers.
 Customer attitude : “ Immoral to steal from neighbour but
legitimate to steal from state.”

ELECTRICITY THEFT METHODS

 Meters
 Tampering with meters and seals
  Damaging or removing meter
 By-passing the meters
 Wires/Cables
 Illegal tapping to bare wires or underground cables
 Transformers
 Illegal terminal taps of overhead lines on the low side of the
transformer
 Billing irregularities made by meter readers
 Unpaid bills by individuals, government institutions and “
untouchable ” VIPs.

FEW OTHER WAYS FOR POWER THEFT

 Use of single phase supply from three phase supply
 Disconnected neutral from both the ends.
 Used earth/separate neutral for return circuit.
 Connecting phase voltage to neutral of used single phase supply.
Potential difference w.r.t.
 Neutral of used single phase supply is zero. Hence power product
of voltage and current, will be zero.
 Isolating neutral from both ends.
THEFT OCCURS WHEN :
 An illegal consumer (not a registered customer) steals directly
from the distribution lines or from another legal customer.
 A legal customer (registered customer) steals either bypassing
the meter (connecting around the meter to a live cable on the
company side of the meter) or tampering with the meter to make
it read less or no consumption.
 There is collusion between the customer and a company
employee to reduce the amount paid to the company (with lower
side payments to the employee in return).
METER TAMPERING
 HOW CAN ELECTRICITY THEFT BE REDUCED

Fig Solution of Theft Reduction

NON TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

 Financial rewards:
Utility companies encourage consumers to report electricity theft
 Periodic checks
 Electricity theft frequently takes place after service has been
disconnected. Some utility companies periodically check
disconnected meters if the customer has not contacted them to
reconnect service.
 Enforcement of law
Fines should be imposed by the government for stealing electricity

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS
 Electronic Tamper Detection Meters
Automatic detection :
  Meter tamper
 Meter biased
 Meter disconnected

Plastic meter encasements

Hard plastic encasements are a type of meter seal. These
transparent plastic covers serve as a warning

6. Power plant at moviya

Introduction.
 Rural infrastructure improvement has been the central component
of Gujarat’s development agenda. The state takes pride in
possessing one of the most developed electricity systems, having
achieved the target of 24×7 power supply to villages under the
Jyotigram Yojana launched in September 2003. In the recent years,
the focus of investments in the state has been on improving the
quality of power supply, connecting the remaining hamlets with
the grid, increasing efficiency in the consumption, billing and
collection processes, besides adding to the share of renewable
energy.

Major Component of Plant

 Module mounting structures : 86 units
 Solar modules installed : 1640 modules (each of 280W) + 72
modules(each of 315W).
 Solar inverters : 15 units
 Solar Management Units (SMW) installed : 15uints (1 for each
inverter).
  ACDB : 2 units
 Transformer : 1 unit (630kVA)
 Apex meter : 1 unit
 CTPT : 1 unit
 Weather station and sensor
 Lighting arrestor

Working of Plant:
 There is total 86 Module mounting structures. One structure carries
20 Solar Modules.
 As mention above, there is 1640 solar modules of 280W capacity
and 72 modules of 315W capacity.
 Each solar modules are connected in series connection.
 One solar inverter is connected between 6 module mounting
structures i.e. one solar inverter carries 120 solar modules.
 Solar inverters are connected with Solar Management Units
(SMU).
 Now generated Power flow from SMUs to Transformer.
 Transformer step up the Voltage up to 11kV and its feeded to grid.
  There is also one CTPT is connected to measure the generated
Power. To read the data we have used apex meter.

7. TRANSFORMER

Introduction. Transformer is static device which is used to

transfer electrical energy from one ac circuit to other ac circuit,
with increase or decrease in voltage/current but without any
change in frequency.
Distribution Transformer:
 PGVCL is distribution company so transformer use in
distribution side is distribution transformers.
  A distribution transformers is transformer that provide final
voltage transformation in electrical power Distribution
system, it stepping down the voltage used in distribution
lines to level used by the customer
Accessories Of Transformer:
 Oil Tank
 Oil level indicator
 Radiator/cooling tubes
 Conservator
 Explosion vent
 Buchholz relay
 Breather
A. Tank.
 It provide protection to the core and winding and accommodates
oil for cooling and insulation.
 Tank of small transformer made of sheet steel and of large
transformer are made of boiler plates.

B.Oil level indicator :

• This is used to see level of oil in the conservator.

C .Radiator cooling tube:

 Cooling tubes or radiator are placed near transformer tank.
 Radiator or cooling tubes are used for cooling.

D. conservator:
 This tank is joined to main tank with a small pipe.This small tank
is known as conservator.
 Main tank is completely filled .
  When heat is produce in transformer due to power loss in it. Due to
this heat oil is expands and oil level increases.
 And when heat is reduces oil become cool and reduce oil level.
E. Explosion vent :
 The explosion vent is the bent up pipe fitted on main tank.
 It consist of aluminium foil when the transformer become faulty,
the cooling oil will get decomposed and various types of gases are
liberated.
 If gas pressure reaches a certain level then diaphragm in explosion
vent will brust to release the pressure. This will save main tank.

F. Buccholz relay :
 There is pipe connecting the tank and conservator on this pipe
protecting device called buccholz relay is mounted.
 When transformer is about to be faulty and draw large currents, the
oil becomes hot and decomposes.
 During this process different types of gasses are liberated the
buccholz relay get operated by this gases and give alarm to
 operator if fault continue to persist, then the relay will trip off the
main circuit breaker to protect the transformer.

G. Breather
 The apparatus through which breathing of transformer take place is
called as breather.
 The air goes in or out through breather to reduce moisture content
of air some drying agent such as silica gel or calcium chloride is
used in breather.

Type Of Windings
1.Concentratic Cylindrical Type Winding : In this cylindrical windings
are placed in concentric way around same limb with lv winding placed
inside and hv winding placed outside with paper insulation between the
windings.

2.Sandwich Type Winding : this, hv and lv windings are devide into

number of small coils and then this small windings are interleaved as
shown in above figure.
CONNECTION OF WINDING :
1.primary delta connection:
2.secondary delta connection:

 distribution transformer has 3 input terminals ( R-Y-B )

and 4 output terminals (R-Y-B-N).
Insulation and Clearance :
 This windings are insulated with resin imprignated paper.
 Then whole assembly is submerged in steel tank which is
then filled with transformer oil. This oil cools and insulate
the windings and protect winding from moisture.
 Life of unit depend upon the quality, durability and
handling of these materials.
 All insulating material such as paper, pressboard, cloth,
mica and impregnating compounds are selected on basis of
high quality and their ability to perverse this quality for
many years.

Radial clearance of LV coil to core shall not be less than :

Minimum Radial 1.5 mm
Minimum Radial core stake 3mm- 3.5mm

Radial clearance between HV & LV shall not be less than:

Minimum Radial clearance between hv and lv for wound core
11mm
Minimum Radial core stake->2.25
 Phase to phase clearance between HV conductors shall not
be less than 10mm For 11 kV.
 For Wound Core Phase to phase clearance between HV
conductors shall not be less than 2.0m for 11kv.
 Three phase distribution transformer up to and including
200KVA.

RATING
Sr. Number Nominal Standard rating
system voltage
1 Up to including 16,25,63,100,160 &
11kV 200 kVA
2 Above 11kV up 63,100,160 & 200 kVA
to and
including 22kv

3 Above 22kV up Above 22kV up to and

to and including
including 33kv

Principal Parameters
Sr no Item Specification

1 Continuous 10 kVA 16 KVA 25 KVA

rated capacity
2 System 12KV 12KV 12KV
voltage(max.)
3 Rated voltage 11KV 11KV 11KV
HV
4 Rated voltage 433-250V 433-250V 433-250V
LV
5 Line current 0.525 A .84A 1.31A
HV
6 Line current 13.3 A 21.33A 33.33A
LV
7 No. of Phases Three Three Three

8 Frequency 50hz 50hz 50hz

9 Connection Delta Delta Delta
HV
10 Connection STar Star STar
LV
11 Type of ONAN ONAN ONAN
cooling
12 Tap changing Not Not Not
arrangement applicable applicable applicable

13 A LV phase to 255 / 205

earth
B HV phase to 75/55
earth
14 Noise level at 48 db 48 db 48 db
rated voltage