KOMPILASI SOALAN PEMILIHAN CIRI/ASPEK DAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN/PENGUBAHSUAIAN (English

ver)

✓ Bab 2 Force and Motion 1

1.
2.
3.

Aspect Reason
Deck size : big More stable

Skateboard mass : small Lighter / increase acceleration

Safety measurements : knee guard / elbow Decrease impulsive force / extend the
guard // helmet impact time
5.

Diagram 7.2 shows a man playing golf.

Rajah 7.1
Diagram 7.1

.Table 1 shows different type of golf club and height, h used in a golf game.

Method Type of golf club Height , h (m)

Carbon fiber
X 1.5
Wood
Y 2.0

Z Titanium 2.5

Table 1

Suggest the suitable method to increase the distance travelled by the ball based on the
following aspects.

Aspect Reason

Type of golf club : Titanium Strong material / not easy to break

Height : Higher More energy / faster

6. Diagram 7.3 shows a set of playing equipment to be placed in children playground

Swing
Buatan

Pole Ladder
Tiang Tangga

Ground Glider
Gelongsor
Tapak
Rajah 7.3

Table 1 shows three types of the ground and the height of the glider used for the playground.

Type Material for the ground Height of glider

P Rubber 1.0 m
Q Wood 2.0 m
R Plastic 3.0 m
Table 1

Cadangkan ciri-ciri yang sesuai untuk taman permainan itu.

Aspect Reason
Material for the ground: Rubber Decrease impulse force / extend the
impact time

Height of glider : Low Decrease velocity / decrease

momentum
7. These are the four piling systems, P, Q, R, S that are being used to insert a pile into the
ground.

Determine the most suitable piling system and explain the ideal characteristic of each of the
aspects :

• The mass of the pile driver used to push the pile into the ground
• The height the pile driver
• The pile material
• The shape at the base of the pile

Aspect Reason
The mass of the pile driver used to push To produce a bigger impulsive force during
the pile into the ground : Bigger impact

The height the pile driver : Higher To produce a bigger force during impact

The pile material : Steel The material is stiffer

The shape at the base of the pile : Sharper To make the pile produce a higher pressure
on the ground
8. A man wanted to join a cycling competition and want to modify his bicycle in order to be the
champion of the competition. These are the specification that you need to study :

✓ The position of bicycle seat and handle

✓ Type of clothing
✓ The density of the material that used for bicycle
✓ The size of tire diameter
✓ The usage of gear system
✓ Number of tire flowers

Modification Reason
The position of bicycle seat is higher than the Cyclist can cycling in an aerodynamic position
handle

Tight clothing Less air resistance

Low density of the material that used for bicycle More acceleration

Bigger size of tire diameter Bigger distance with a small force

Use gear system Less energy usage

Small number of tire flowers Decrease friction

9.

Specification Reason
High tension Can support the
weight of the metal
bob and the drag force

Low density of frame Decrease the overall

weight / portable
/easy to lift and install
the frame

Heavier metal bob Big inertia/ the swing

can last a long time

The arrangement of the Stabilizing the

strings followed the pendulum / decrease
design V the tension of string/
maintain the
momentum in one
direction
10.

Aspect Reason
The size of More fuel can be
combustion used
chamber : Big

The size of Produce a high gas

exhaust opening : pressure
Small
11.
Specification Reason

Air intake through big opening More air can enter the engine

The type of blade is titanium blades Low density / light / heat resistant / strong /
stainless / long lasting / high melting point /
withstanding high pressure / cannot be oxidized
The size of the combustion chamber is big Produce a lot of fire / explosions / combustions
/ high combustion rate

Exhaust gases through small opening High velocity / high momentum / high energy/
high thrust
12.

Aspect Reason
Fuel used : Kerosene Flammable and easy to increase acceleration /
easy to get the hot gases in the combustion
chamber

Melting point of blade material : High Will not easily melt / high temperature resistant

Number of blades: More To increase the air compression

Size of combustion chamber : Bigger To increase the mass of the exhaust gases from
the exhaust
✓ Bab 3 Gravitation
1.

Characteristic Reason

Length of steel string : Short To produce high centripetal force

Linear speed: Big To produce high angular acceleration

2.

Suggestions Explanations
Size and shape of the spacecraft : Have Can carry more cargo and passengers, less
aerodynamic shape and bigger size air resistance during launch

Design of the rocket to launch the Ensure the rocket carry enough fuel to bring
spacecraft : Use rocket with at least three the spacecraft for the to-and-fro journey
stages

Electricity supply in the spacecraft : Ensure the electricity supply in the

Sufficient number of solar panels are fixed spacecraft is sufficient
on the spacecraft

Food and water supply in the spacecraft: Ensure the food and water supply in the
Use efficient system of food storage and spacecraft is sufficient
recycling of water

Exercise equipment to overcome the effects Help passengers to overcome the effects of
of reduced gravity : Availability of exercise reduced gravity
equipment that can provide “artificial
gravity such as mini gymnasium
3.
4.

Specification Reason

The orbital period : Smaller than 24 hours The satellites can be anywhere

The height of orbit : Low Produce clearer images

5.

Aspect Explanation
Has aerodynamic shape and compact size Reduce air drag during launch and can carry
essential equipment while keeping weight low

Use composite material of high specific heat Good heat insulator to prevent heat destroying
capacity or high melting point the space probe

Fix solar panels on the space probe To generate electricity from solar energy

Use rocket with three or more stages To carry enough fuel for sending the space
probe to orbit the Sun

Use Deep Space Network (DSN) To send and receive radio signals from the
space probe
✓ Bab 4 Heat

1. Based on the table below, state the characteristic of a kettle that is suitable to boil water.
Give reasons to your answers.

Model P Q
Specific heat capacity 900 Jkg−1 °C −1 380 Jkg−1 °C −1
The mass of the kettle 2.0 kg 1.5 kg

Characteristic Reason

Specific heat capacity : Low The kettle can be heated quickly

The mass of the kettle : Small Light / Portable

2.

Characteristic Explanation
Specific latent heat of vaporisation : Low Quickly evaporates
Density : Low Lighter
Boiling point : Low Easily evaporates
3.

4.
5.

Modification Reason

Specific latent heat of vaporisation of the coolant Able to remove a greater amount of heat at a
used : High faster rate.

Melting point of the coolant used : Low Easier to change to vapor or gas

The diameter of the transmission pipe for the To carry more coolant at a faster rate
coolant : Big

Specific heat capacity of the transmission pipe : Able to heat up or cool down faster and to conduct
Low heat faster

The design of the main components of the air- To increase the surface area and facilitate heat
conditioner system : The evaporator is installed radiation for heat loss to take place faster
with cooling fins which are painted black
6.

Characteristic Reason

The material of the pot : Copper Good heat conductor

The material of the pot holder : Polymer Good heat insulator / heat up slower

The mass of the pot : Small Lighter / portable

7.
Suggestion Reason
Handle has high specific heat capacity Heat up slower / the temperature of the
handle rising slowly

Slim shaped handle Strong grip / avoid slipping

Body low specific heat capacity Heat up quickly / the temperature of the
body rising quickly
Dark body surface Good heat absorber / weak heat reflector
 8.

Specification explanation
Material of the pipe Low specific heat
coil : copper capacity // heat up
quickly// good heat
conductor // high heat
transfer rate

Material for cover : Absorbs heat // high

glass heat resistance

Type of absorber : absorbs heat / good

black panel heat conductor

Size of embedded Big surface area //

pipe : long absorbs heat quickly
9.
10.

Characteristic Reason
Copper Good heat conductor // low specific heat
capacity
Low specific heat capacity evaporator coil Coil will cool quickly
Low boiling point of coolant Can change into gas with low
temperature
More number of condenser coil Release heat quickly // high releasing heat
rate
11.

Characteristic Explanation
More number of windows Allow more air to flow / save electrical
energy used

Floor to ceiling distance : High Better air ventilation inside the house

Material of the wall from hollow bricks / High specific heat capacity / low in
wood temperature changes / wall heat up slower

Material of the roof is from concrete tile High specific heat capacity / low in
temperature changes / good heat insulator
/ reduce heat transferred from outside into
the house
12.

Characteristic Explanation
Power : high To produce more electrical energy per
second // Release more heat

Materials of heater : Nichrome Has high resistance // high resistivity //

Produce more heat // High melting point

Melting point of heater : high Withstand high temperature // Not easy to

melt
Electric component : Thermostat Can control Heat / Temperature
 13.

(c) Jadual 2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri sebuah periuk terma.

Table 2 shows the characteristics of a thermal cooker.

Lapisan
Bahan
dalam periuk
digunakan
Bahan dalaman
Periuk untuk periuk
digunakan untuk disalut
terma luar Ruang S
periuk dalaman dengan
Thermal Material Space S
Material used for Inner layer of
cooker used for the
the inner pot inner pot
outer pot
coated with

Aluminium Cat berkilat Besi Vakum

P
Aluminium Shiny paint Iron Vacuum

Aluminium Cat hitam Plastik Udara

Q
Aluminium Black paint Plastic Air

Keluli tahan karat Cat berkilat Plastik Vakum

R
Stainless steel Shiny paint Plastic Vacuum

Keluli tahan karat Cat hitam Besi Udara

S
Stainless steel Black paint Iron Air
Jadual 2
Anda dikehendaki menentukan kessesuaian periuk terma untuk mengekalkan haba
makanan untuk beberapa jam. Terangkan kesesuaian setiap spesifikasi. Pilih periuk
terma yang paling sesuai dan beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
You are required to determine the most suitable thermal cooker that can be used to
keep the food warm for a few hours. Explain the suitability of each specification.
Choose the most suitable thermal cooker and give reasons for your choice.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

Ciri Penerangan
Material used for Good heat conductor / anti-rust
the inner pot :
Stainless steel

Inner layer of Can reflect heat and foow will be easily cooked
inner pot coated
with : Shiny paint

Material used for High specific capacity /

the outer pot : Good heat insulator /
plastic Descrease the heat loss

Space S : vacuum Avoid heat loss /

heat will not release to the surrounding / heat cannot
transferred through vacuum
 14.

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan beg makanan yang diguna oleh seorang murid untuk membawa makanan
ke sekolah. Dia mendapati bahawa makanan sudah menjadi sejuk semasa waktu rehat.
Diagram 9.2 shows a food bag used by a student to bring his food to the school. He noticed that the
food become cold during recess time.

Lapisan dalaman
beg makanan

Inner layer of food

bag

Beg makanan

Food bag

Rajah 9.2
Diagram 9.2

Jadual 2 menunjukkan spesifikasi empat jenis beg makanan tengah hari P, Q, R dan S, yang boleh
digunakan oleh murid tersebut untuk membawa makanan ke sekolah.
Table 2 shows the specification of four types of lunch bag P, Q, R and S, that can be used by the
student to bring his food to school.

Jenis Bahan beg Lapisan dalam Muatan haba Ketumpatan

beg makanan beg makanan tentu beg
Type of Material of Inner layer of Beg makanan makananan
bag food bag food bag Specific heat Density of food
capacity of food bag
bag (J kg-1 ˚C-1)

P Plastik Permukaan 1670 Rendah

Plastic berkilat Low
Shiny surface

Q Kain Permukaan 1340 Rendah

Cloth pudar Low
Dull surface

R Kain Permukaan 925 Tinggi

Cloth berkilat High
Shiny surface

S Plastik Permukaan 2500 Tinggi

Plastic pudar High
Dull surface
Jadual 2
Table 2
Anda dikehendaki menentukan kessesuaian beg makanan untuk mengekalkan haba selama
beberapa jam. Terangkan kesesuaian setiap spesifikasi. Pilih beg makanan yang paling sesuai dan
beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
You are required to determine the most suitable food bag that can be used to keep the food warm
for a few hours. Explain the suitability of each specification. Choose the most suitable food bag and
give reasons for your choice.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]

Ciri-ciri Sebab
Material of food bag : Good heat insulator / high specific
plastic heat capacity / low heat conduction
/ waterproof
Inner layer of food bag ; Good heat reflector / slow cooling
shiny surface
Specific heat capacity : Descrease the heat loss to the
high surrounding
Density of food bag : low Lighter
15.

Specification Explanation
Specific heat capacity : low Heat up easily

Colour of plate : black Can absorbs a lot of heat

Surface area of plate :high Can put a lot of meat

Arrangement of plate : use two plates, Can absorbs a lot of heat

top and bottom
 16.

Aspect Explanation
Increase the number of windows To facilitate the exchange of cool air into the
house and warm air out of the house.

Has bigger windows To allow more cool air to enter and warm air to
exit

Use material of high specific heat capacity Does not heat up easily / good heat insulator

Use heat insulator and opaque material Prevent heat transfer into the house and sunlight
entering to heat up the air inside

Walls have ventilation holes and painted with To allow hot air flowing out by convection and
light colour paint reduce absorption of heat by the walls
 ✓ Bab 5 Waves

1.

Aspect Explanation

Type of wave : ultrasonic wave High frequency / high energy

Wave frequency : high High energy / spread wider

2.
Characteristic Explanation
Parabolic disc is made from strong material Not easily broken that caused by strong wind
Diameter of parabolic disc : big Receive more signal
High position from earth surface Signal will not be blocked
Distance of the signal receiver from the centre All signal that received by parabolic disc will be
of the parabolic disc : equal to focal length of reflected to the signal receiver
parabolic disc
Type of wave transmitted : microwave High energy / high frequency / low wavelength
/ easy to be reflected
3.

Characteristic Explanation

Steel / strong cable Not easily rusted // not easily break // withstand
bigger force
Concrete / strong pillar Not easily break // withstand bigger force

Steel / strong tower Not easily rusted // not easily break // withstand
bigger force
Many numbers of cable Withstand more force/load // increase equilibrium

High tension of cable Not easily break // bigger force

Higher height of pillar Avoid water spill on bridge

Bigger diameter of pillar Increase stability

More pillars Support more force/weight // increase stability //

withstand strong wave/erosion
4.

Characteristic Explanation
Distance between speakers : large/ far Distance between consecutive loud sound
produced is smaller
Diameter of the speaker : big /large Spread wider, higher amplitude/more air
molecules can be compressed.
Frequency of the sound wave from High wavelength, diffraction more
speaker : low / small
Number of speakers : more Louder sound, travel far, propagate to many
directions
 5.

Specification Explanation

The diameter of parabolic Can receive a lot of signal

disc : Big

The distance of the signal Creates parallel grooves /

receiver from the signal can sent straight to
parabolic disc : focal receiver
length
Type of the wave High frequency
transmitted : microwave

The height of the Easy to detects signals

parabolic disc from the
ground : high
6.
7.
8.

Characteristic Explanation
Type of wave used : ultrasound wave High energy / can penetrate deep water

Frequency of wave : high Have enough energy / not easily diffracted in

water

Time measuring instrument : Cathode ray Can measure short time interval accurately
oscilloscope (CRO)
9.

Aspect Explanation
Position of loudspeakers : high To prevent the sound being blocked by the
people in the front
Distance between two loudspeakers : greater To reduce the effects of interference of sound
waves
Position of microphone : behind the speaker To avoid feedback

Material used to cover the wall : softboard Can absorb sound and prevent echo formation
10.

Aspect Explanation
Type of wave transmitted : microwave Have high frequency ang high energy / not easily
diffracted

Diameter of parabolic dish : big Can capture or receive more signals

Distance of antenna from the centre of the dish: So that all signals can be focused of converged
equals the focal length onto the antenna

Height of the dish from the ground: high To have wider receiving range
11.

(c) Diagram 10.4 shows an undeveloped coastal region where a new holiday resort consisting of
chalets and a jetty is to be build.

Diagram 10.4 / Rajah 10.4

Using your knowledge about waves, suggest and explain how the holiday resort is to be build
based on the following aspects:
(i) The location of the chalets.

(ii) The location of the jetty.

(iii) Materials used for the building of the resort.
(iv) Features to enable tourist enjoying calm water.
(v) Others relevant safety features.
[10 marks]

Aspect Explanation
Chalets located at bay Calm water region
Jetty located at bay Wave energy at bay smaller
Use wood or stone Resist corrosion
Build retaining wall with small gaps Enable diffraction of wave occurs

Build lifeguard tower Lifeguard on duty can view further distance

➢ Bab 6 Light and Optics

1.
2.

Characteristic Reason

: Big Higher magnification

Diameter of lens : Big Brighter image / more light can refracted by the
lens
3.
 4.

Aspect Reason
Bundle of fiber optic More signal can be reflected
Refractive index of inner core is higher Produces total internal reflection
than the outer cladding

High flexibility Easy to bent

High purity of inner core Can reduce signal lost / increase the
distance of signal transmission

Camera// To view internal organs //

Light source Brighter image
 5.

(c) Diagram 11.3 shows the structure of a rear reflector of a bicycle created by student.The
reflector consists of a prism which have critical angle 42º.

Cover

Prism
Incident ray

Rajah 11.3

Diagram 11.3
You are assigned to give suggestions on the characteristic of the reflector so that it can
be used to reflect high intensity of light.
State and explain your suggestion based on the following aspects.

(i) angle of prism used

(ii) material of the prism

(iii) characteristic of the cover

(iv) number of prism

(v) position of the reflector

[10 marks]

Aspect Reason
45 – 90 - 45 Total internal reflection happened

Glass // plastic Allow more light to enter the prism

// transparent
Waterproof Water will not enter the prism

More than one More light to be reflected

Higher position Easy to see //not blocked

 6.

Characteristic Reason
Focal length : Bigger High magnification /
larger image

Diameter : Bigger Brighter / allow more

light enter the lens /
clearer
7.

Characteristic Reason
Focal length of objective lens to focal Produces first image : real, inverted
length of eyepiece lens : and diminished

Magnification of image, M: > 1 Produces magnified image

distance between objective lens and Produces sharp image

eyepiece, D/cm :

The diameter of the objective lens, Brighter

d/cm : B
8.

Characteristic Reason
Refractive index : High Produces small critical angle

Size : Big More light can enter

9.

Aspect Reason
Diameter of the lens : Big Clearer image

The focal length of the lens : High Higher linear magnification

10.

Characteristic Reason
Longer focal length of objective lens Produces real, inverted and diminished image

Higher magnification of image Produces a magnified image

Distance = fo + fe Produces image at the infinity

Bigger diameter Clearer image

11.

Modifications Reason
Type of cable : Fiber optic Produces total internal reflection
Cable length : Long Can go through the internal space of the engine
Cable diameter : Small Can enter the narrow space in the engine

Cable characteristic : Flexible Can bent and formed according to shape of the
space in the engine

The lamp power at the end of the cable : High Clearer image
12.

Characteristic Reason
Position of cooking pot : At the focal point of Produces a lot of heat
the reflector

Size of the aperture of the reflector : Big More light can be collected and reflected
13.
Characteristic Reason

Angle of prism : 45°- 90° - 45° Produces total internal reflection

Intensity of light : High Brighter and clearer image

Focal length of lens : Short Produces magnified image

Optical density of prism : Low Produces a smaller critical angle

14.
15.
16.

Characteristic Reason

Focal length : Longer Gives higher magnification

Diameter of the lens : To refract more light to

Big produce brighter image
17.

Characteristic Reason
Comparison between refractive index of the Produces total internal reflection when light
inner core and outer cladding: travels inside the optical fibre
Density : Low Lighter
Purity of the inner core: Pure An inner core that is not pure will cause the
light ray to scatter that leads to signal
degradation

Strength and flexibility : Strong and flexible Does not break easily and can be bent

* the translation might have inaccuracy *