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Intro Content IR

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Intro Content IR

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Jjk
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+The purpose of industrial relations is not just ‘peace’. The peace of the graveyard is different from the ace in a temple, church, or mosque. ‘The peace at any pric’ policy will solve one problem and bring many hers: Smooth and cordial relations in an industry should ultimately contribute to achieving the main pur. of that industry—be it production or service—ficiently and equitably. “Industrial relations is an art, the art of living together for purposes of production (and/or services) hardson, 1958). It applies knowledge derived from the principles of many disciplines economics law aman/industrial psychology, anthropology, sociology, social work, and $o on, SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK inlop considered industrial eelations a subsysteri of society, distinct from, but overlapping, other subsys- ‘He suggested that the industrial relations system could be divided into four interrelated clements com- ig ‘certain actors, certain contexts, an ideology which binds the industrial relations system together and ‘of rules created to govern the actors at the workplace” (Fig, 2.1). Inputs Processes Outputs Enviromental + contents Ideology = —___, t Ls Feedback, Fig. 2.1. Dunlop's framework of industrial relations system Actors Actors are () managers and their representatives; i) workers and their organizations; and (i) specialized nment agencies (and specialized private ageneies created by the frst two actors) concerned with workers, terprses, and their relationships. The frst two are directly related to each other in that the managers have onsbiltes at varying levels to issue instructions (to manage), and the workers at each corresponding level ‘the duty to follow such instructions (¢o work). The functions of specialized government agencies as actors be, in some industrial relations systems, so broad and decisive as to override managers and workers on ost all matters Contexts contexts are the technological characteristics of the workplace and work community; (ji) the product factor markets or budgetary constraints that impinge on the actors; and (ii) the locus and distribution of {in the larger sociery. sa setof ideas and beliefs commonly held by the actors to bind or integrate the system her as an entity. The ideology of an industrial relations ‘of common ideas that define saad Approaches to industrial Relations 21. pssst te ie (ec 22_ Industrial Relations the role and place of each actor and the ideas that each actor holds townrds the place and the function of the others in the system. The ideology or philosophy of a stable system involves a congruence or compatibility among these views and the rest of the system. The Network or Web of Rules ‘These concern procedures for establishing rules, the substantive rules themselves, and the procedures for deciding their application. All these factors are critical in an industrial relations system, ‘These may be expressed in a variety of forms—the regulations and policies of the management hierarchy; the laws of any ‘worker hierarchy; the regulations decrees, decisions, awards, or orders of government agencies; the rules and decisions of specialized agencies created by the management and worker hierarchies; collective bargaining agreements; and the customs and traditions of the workplace and work community In any particular system, the rules may be incorporated in a number of these forms; they may:be written; an oral tradition, or custom. ary practice, Figure 2.2 presents the Dunlop’s model of industrial relations system. ‘Some Limitations of the systems Framework Dunlop's theory has certain shortcomings. For example, the actors in industrial relations are not only management, workers, and gov- ‘emnments: With liberalization and growing ‘environmental concerns, consumers and th community have also come to play a crit cal role in industrial relations processes and outcomes. In addition, Dunlop talks about roles, not people. In industrial relations, relationships are established primarily by and between people. Therefore, behavioural aspects like human motivations and prefer. Dunlop’ system model “The industial relations system ences cannot be ignored. asawebofrulesormedbythe ‘Two statements of Dunlop's prove that interaction ofthe govemment, he has not been fully understood by his crt- and government business and labour influenced cA industrial relations system is log tefetnrelogealconext—_-bytheenstngandemeging< apytangan’ ny reneerne ait m=Market context economic socio-political and rection Toot Power context technological actors. behaviour aa d whale, There are no actors Ideological context that helps ‘whose whole activity (js) confined slay to tobind them together the industrial relations... sphere(s), although Fig. 2.2 Dunlop’ system model some may approach this limit. ---an industrial relations system is (not) designed simply to describe in factual terms the real world of time and space.... (tis an) abstractions)

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