ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(CSE-7317L)

PRACTICALS
by

ABRAR SHAH

(19048112004)

B-Tech CSE 7th Semester

LECTURER
ER. WASEEM BAKHSHI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

ENGINEERING

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

Line Generation using DDA Algorithm

#include <graphics.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <dos.h>

void main() {

float x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2, dx, dy, step;

int i, gd = DETECT, gm;

initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

printf("Enter the starting point of line: ");

scanf("%f%f", &x1, &y1);

printf("Enter the ending point of line: ");

scanf("%f%f", &x2, &y2);

dx = abs(x2 - x1);

dy = abs(y2 - y1);

if (dx >= dy) {

step = dx;

} else {

step = dy;

dx = dx / step;

dy = dy / step;

x = x1;

y = y1;

i = 1;

while (i <= step) {

putpixel(x, y, 5);

x = x + dx;

y = y + dy;

i = i + 1;

delay(100);

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

getch();

closegraph();

Line Generation using Bresenham’s Algorithm

#include<stdio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

void drawline(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)

int dx, dy, p, x, y;

dx=x1-x0;

dy=y1-y0;

x=x0;

y=y0;

p=2*dy-dx;

while(x<x1)

if(p>=0)

putpixel(x,y,7);

y=y+1;

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

p=p+2*dy-2*dx;

else

putpixel(x,y,7);

p=p+2*dy;}

x=x+1;

int main()

int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, error, x0, y0, x1, y1;

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\turboc3\bgi");

printf("Enter co-ordinates of first point: ");

scanf("%d%d", &x0, &y0);

printf("Enter co-ordinates of second point: ");

scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);

drawline(x0, y0, x1, y1);

return 0;

getch();

closegraph();

Output :-

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

Circle Generation using Mid-Point Algorithm

#include<graphics.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int x,y,x_mid,y_mid,radius,dp;

int g_mode,g_driver=DETECT;

initgraph(&g_driver,&g_mode,"");

printf("*********** MID POINT Circle drawing algorithm ********\n\n");

printf("\nenter the coordinates= ");

scanf("%d %d",&x_mid,&y_mid);

printf("\n now enter the radius =");

scanf("%d",&radius);

x=0;

y=radius;

dp=1-radius;

do

putpixel(x_mid+x,y_mid+y,YELLOW);

putpixel(x_mid+y,y_mid+x,RED);

putpixel(x_mid-y,y_mid+x,WHITE);

putpixel(x_mid-x,y_mid+y,BLUE);

putpixel(x_mid-x,y_mid-y,GREEN);

putpixel(x_mid-y,y_mid-x,BROWN);

putpixel(x_mid+y,y_mid-x,WHITE);

putpixel(x_mid+x,y_mid-y,RED);

if(dp<0) {

dp+=(2*x)+1;

else{

y=y-1;

dp+=(2*x)-(2*y)+1;

x=x+1;

}while(y>x);

getch();

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

OUTPUT :-

2D TRANSFORMATIONS :-
1) TRANSLATION :-
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,tx,ty;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
printf("\n Please enter first coordinate of the triangle= ");
scanf("%d %d", &x,&y);
printf("\n Enter second coordinate of the trinagle = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\n Enter third coordinate of the triangle = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
printf("\n\t\t********** TRIANGLE before & after translation ***********");
line(x,y,x1,y1);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x,y);
printf("\n Now enter the translation vector = ");
scanf("%d %d",&tx,&ty);

setcolor(RED);

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

line(x+tx,y+ty,x1+tx,y1+ty);
line(x1+tx,y1+ty,x2+tx,y2+ty);
line(x2+tx,y2+ty,x+tx,y+ty);
getch();
closegraph();
}

OUTPUT :-

2) ROTATION :-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <math.h>
void TriAngle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3);
void Rotate(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, float angle);
int main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
printf("Enter the 1st point for the triangle:");
scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);
printf("Enter the 2nd point for the triangle:");
scanf("%d%d", &x2, &y2);
printf("Enter the 3rd point for the triangle:");
scanf("%d%d", &x3, &y3);
TriAngle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
float angle;

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

printf("Enter the angle for rotation (in degrees): ");

scanf("%f", &angle);
Rotate(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, angle);
char ch;
do {
ch = getch();
} while (ch != 'q' && ch != 'Q');
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void TriAngle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3) {
line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
line(x2, y2, x3, y3);
line(x3, y3, x1, y1);
}
void Rotate(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, float angle) {
angle = angle * M_PI / 180.0;
int x1_new = x1 * cos(angle) - y1 * sin(angle);
int y1_new = x1 * sin(angle) + y1 * cos(angle);
int x2_new = x2 * cos(angle) - y2 * sin(angle);
int y2_new = x2 * sin(angle) + y2 * cos(angle);

int x3_new = x3 * cos(angle) - y3 * sin(angle);

int y3_new = x3 * sin(angle) + y3 * cos(angle);

TriAngle(x1_new, y1_new, x2_new, y2_new, x3_new, y3_new);

Output :-

3) SCALING:-

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

int main(){

int x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2;

int scl_fctr_x,scl_fctr_y;

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

printf("\t\t\t********** Scaling ***********\n");

printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter first coordinate of Triangle = ");

scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);

printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter second coordinate of Triangle = ");

scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);

printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter third coordinate of Triangle = ");

scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);

line(x,y,x1,y1);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

line(x2,y2,x,y);

printf("\n\t\t\t Now Enter Scaling factor x and y = ");

scanf("%d %d",&scl_fctr_x,&scl_fctr_y);

x = x* scl_fctr_x;

x1 = x1* scl_fctr_x;

x2 = x2* scl_fctr_x;

y = y* scl_fctr_y;

y1 = y1* scl_fctr_y;

y2= y2 * scl_fctr_y ;

line(x,y,x1,y1);

line(x1,y1,x2,y2);

line(x2,y2,x,y);

getch();

closegraph();

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

OUTPUT :-

COHEN-SUTHERLAND 2D LINE CLIPPING AND

WINDOW :-
#include<graphics.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<math.h>

int main()

int rcode_begin[4]={0,0,0,0},rcode_end[4]={0,0,0,0},region_code[4];

int W_xmax,W_ymax,W_xmin,W_ymin,flag=0;

float slope;

int x,y,x1,y1,i, xc,yc;

int gr=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gr,&gm,"");

printf("\n****** Cohen Sutherlsnd Line Clipping algorithm ***********");

printf("\n Now, enter XMin, YMin =");

scanf("%d %d",&W_xmin,&W_ymin);

printf("\n First enter XMax, YMax =");

scanf("%d %d",&W_xmax,&W_ymax);

printf("\n Please enter intial point x and y= ");

scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

printf("\n Now, enter final point x1 and y1= ");

scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);

cleardevice();

rectangle(W_xmin,W_ymin,W_xmax,W_ymax);

line(x,y,x1,y1);

line(0,0,600,0);

line(0,0,0,600);

if(y>W_ymax) {

rcode_begin[0]=1; // Top

flag=1 ;

if(y<W_ymin) {

rcode_begin[1]=1; // Bottom

flag=1;

if(x>W_xmax) {

rcode_begin[2]=1; // Right

flag=1;

if(x<W_xmin) {

rcode_begin[3]=1; //Left

flag=1;

if(y1>W_ymax){

rcode_end[0]=1; // Top

flag=1;

if(y1<W_ymin) {

rcode_end[1]=1; // Bottom

flag=1;

if(x1>W_xmax){

rcode_end[2]=1; // Right

flag=1;

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

if(x1<W_xmin){

rcode_end[3]=1; //Left

flag=1;

if(flag==0)

printf("No need of clipping as it is already in window");

flag=1;

for(i=0;i<4;i++){

region_code[i]= rcode_begin[i] && rcode_end[i] ;

if(region_code[i]==1)

flag=0;

if(flag==0)

printf("\n Line is completely outside the window");

else{

slope=(float)(y1-y)/(x1-x);

if(rcode_begin[2]==0 && rcode_begin[3]==1) //left

y=y+(float) (W_xmin-x)*slope ;

x=W_xmin;

if(rcode_begin[2]==1 && rcode_begin[3]==0) // right

y=y+(float) (W_xmax-x)*slope ;

x=W_xmax;

if(rcode_begin[0]==1 && rcode_begin[1]==0) // top

x=x+(float) (W_ymax-y)/slope ;

y=W_ymax;

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

if(rcode_begin[0]==0 && rcode_begin[1]==1) // bottom

x=x+(float) (W_ymin-y)/slope ;

y=W_ymin;

if(rcode_end[2]==0 && rcode_end[3]==1) //left

y1=y1+(float) (W_xmin-x1)*slope ;

x1=W_xmin;

if(rcode_end[2]==1 && rcode_end[3]==0) // right

y1=y1+(float) (W_xmax-x1)*slope ;

x1=W_xmax;

if(rcode_end[0]==1 && rcode_end[1]==0) // top

x1=x1+(float) (W_ymax-y1)/slope ;

y1=W_ymax;

if(rcode_end[0]==0 && rcode_end[1]==1) // bottom

x1=x1+(float) (W_ymin-y1)/slope ;

y1=W_ymin;

delay(1000);

clearviewport();

rectangle(W_xmin,W_ymin,W_xmax,W_ymax);

line(0,0,600,0);

line(0,0,0,600);

setcolor(RED);

line(x,y,x1,y1);

getch();

closegraph();

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L

ABRAR SHAH 19048112004

OUTPUT :-

COMPUTER GRAPHICS CSE-7317L