i @ay ENGINEERING J*LECHANICS eae Se Engirening michanics da the science which deals with Pipe ich wast on mation of dri under the action a ENGINEERING MECHANICS | eqarics DYNAMICS (Bey iat Hest) (Body. is in motion) KINEMATICS Kinetics Kinematics © Study ay a body in, motion , whan, torsidvud,. as oa bedly, in motion, when dhs forces which eause th. motion aw consider! Rigid Bowes: thus ane Lodiea which donst ParTiCLe - bisLONCUKKEN! CUKGES INH TMHNK, Force. —~ an which changes Seed a 1 A finer can jails push, full i tai in badly. a ADDITION OF TWo FORCES * PARALLELOGRAM LAW Te foros osu canal 2 ft, hau magnitude pant of iain 2) EavivaLent FORE — hyo foners aK. 7 produce some specific “dng body. 4) £avar Force PARALLELoaRAM LAW Te octing at a point ane adjacent side 4 4 posalletogsam then ahd diigenal se er eee point “4 trllnceclicn eprass te Jusuttant in both magnitude and diuctien:.a Pond. 0 acting at a pont A- te tt Has fae rah yp sida oo i ; he i eae aioe eae She sum or the susultant 6 dre fous Pand & R= P+ LAH OF TRIANGLE OF Forces EOE ORCS © 9 ae joc acing ab a pod pw peprosentedd the bw6 Af 4 biang ae a ear thai, gum anne puserted by the hind side takin un an Peden.” “ he tuum he ssuttart of fam fore is obtained —— by fonabuscirg a blared such that forou sepase the we tiles taken in an ode..ond. the lagi dt is tatur, ine spposite doe sepraenting the Mur 6 sesuttart.Sum)Reuttort,R=P+9 -QtR. inchucect angle bowen the tue forees Js known, Yum rasllont Cmagrituds) is paleulatd by, Re Pe Gr 2Pa cosh pePos ey Fomor se som te saledatd, iy Po. a LR any Anes binBCONCEPT OF RESULTANT OF SEVERAL FORCES When 0 number ef forces dome ou the bedy as that ag a. wingle fora tan the force is dimmed. as tht L) Pont force ——— A fh foe bransrictted Se an infinitesimal mua i A : ds Rnerin as pourt force. ® CoPuenaR FoRCES——~ When numlen 6} foroes tic in the plane then tty ont known as coplanan forces. € 2 Concurrent forces —— hese cose the forers wihese. Lines of sactiory poss tireouph a Lemmen pout. A 5 F rel| i pthon . —__fi- Fy Fe, = as 5 —_————*t @ & ©) GENERAL SxsTEM OF FORCES ——— Y no. of foree acing in a plane Bs Auch, that thoy donot srilsect in ore fokt ond are net porate REsuLTANT OF SEVERAL CONCURRENT COPLANAR FoRCES Sf mami. of coplanar foros axe acting at o pout , dren the resultant can be founch by tepeated, use of ponoblebogrom Sau.ae Resultant of Pace F anc R= ky Resultart 24 Rorce Fy onc Mesubtant af force A and A = rR, = Re Resubtont of Poree Fy ancl Reaubtant of force Ryonct FrandP, = Fyt Rr =Rs/R. LAW of Eee aohte OF FORCES of a number of coplanar fore ane sooting ae a poink Auth Ahad they ton. be un mnagmitisds and direction the icles of oo Pare tokon in an orden, thidr nesultort in both oppes brolon.” pear 74RESOLUTION OF A FORCE FORCE | INTO COMPONENTS In ‘ a a on suPPORT RencTIONS D Frictiouess SuPPoRT +t Reaction act nosmal 2 the surgnce wat the protnt af contact.22 @ g “egies ER 2 HMGeD sumoet : Gt yodbuicls the motion 6} tM nged ond. of tre beam beth in horige Jnclypenolent soachiens act at th, end. these puackions con le Jupruserted J foe in unknown diction “4 wi A & A ge -— “Na Re 4) BUILFIN- suPPORT : 4 LD ond of a Jeon ts embed Jn eonessle ct Hesbucls te motion of end in forigontal and. vedidal aléwelions with febluction Hf xetation of dxam advout the poutena aaa: Sn this eee suppods ane Juplaced athe TWO TYPES of FORCES Dy EXTERNAL FORCE —— hose act on a body External forces ane 2 Applied foree P Weight of noller W ‘ Reactsa ai point of contact Ry @ INTERNAL FORCE ——» yp, hold the diols / a beoly oe tue bodes tegethar.EQUILIBRIUM OF A Body suasecTED To TWO FORCES z [Two force Boy] Aly i fn ap ty ot ut ee is acted upon by ase Bat the ends A ancl B. Two frets can he in equilibuum only if thay : D Fre igual in magnitude vat ® Oppesult in diction D Home same line of action fo fips F< seven thin the a net fave game Lint 64 achin Oe figure co The Ledy in im equilitaium when gdTension IN THE StRiNG , Rove , Beit, Cagle fino CHAIN Conaioler weight W supported at tnd af aattdlthed Ze fa depot. | Feied in tu Dhig baw tal po Ser Ue oe seins msi bin a , te tan fumains | te i Tt, ie ia] ~ | i a Is i | & wl «=H @ T % T ST PaicTion IN BETWEEN Ger Pro ROPE © = cD) te = aeRepresentation OF Axial forces in A Baa ‘¢ D) EXTERNAL Forces ——— FoA e @ oF FA c a oF f &-s--=$ F TeNsiLe Forces COMPRESSIVE FORCES Fr fe e e x z 2 EXTERNAL FORCE INTERNAL FORCE 2 Internat Forces —— F £ F SS SSD oS == ® @ TEnsiLe FORCE Compressive FORCES Eauugrium OF A Body SuBsEcTeED To THREE FORCES - ae : » » When a 4 achd upon by then coplanar. foot, it be in eysitetrium “i 0 then Line of action Antersect at ent fount D Thuy ane farathe. Coneichr thier nen panalil fru BR and & sacking at point A Bande.Dis the fount whow du Lints of action of | forces Franct & meet. t free othe nuuttant wilt hep the edly CSc ee eee eee eee Hence, “howe concwvent forces in equililum must form a closed Aiangle of fovee when daawn in fwod Jo tit fashion.”} | | ao Prial forces an bars PB ond AC External forces at C point be Spe and Spe, er tow of Sines s— Sac _ Src . 1000 Bc Ac AB [anae as sirilar Do BABE econ AB= 0-5m Now, Pe = [(0-8)*+ (0.25)* Se Spe pb = [009+ 0-0625 bind, und. bin 8, AC = 0-3905 m : Be = [e204 02d Sez 1070 x oe = fo-ou+ 00625 = 4.000% 0-64 BO= OS20Lm Ain®, = O25 2 O64 Spe = 1000% dun Ba 0340S in Bs = 4000 K O-F8 81,2 0-25 0. ficpementicl % = [180 iro-cursinid79] = £80°-(39.79°+ 5).26°) 83-95 shin A= 0.9992Sg lawr of Sines 2— f . hk 2 BN6O kinto’ bingo" Fr = Boox singo” . 439.6N bin 80" Fa 2 Book sn HO 2 zy gyn hin 30" sat Sn nope 28. fan30" OB tane cE AB OB = 0877 2.5 tonO= L4YS _ 02886 05 = 1.44 om 09> tan'(0-28R6) o- tetees Ase, Be. ton = 0-2886 a 2y sys of elim, 2& =0 —Pees 50+ Xp_ =0 Xa = Peesso" Xn = 5000 x0-866 Xp = 4330N Zfy=0 YwtRe = Pains" > Yar Xax tan = 4350 x 0-2886 [% = 1250N Rg = 5000X 0-5 - yy Rut _ 500-1250 Ra = LR a = I say (1260 = JieT@t00+ 156.50084. oA (O-uye(0-3)~ oA = OS = Lo00% O53 5 Ra = ae op = 0-4 QR = OF = L3BE oG= ae. Ef =0 Ty £6830" - Tigi 50" = O 25 ON Ti Sin3o'= Ty20s30° T = Ty £as3o" Bngse V3 7.86. Sout Now, T= JBx 2500 2-0 T1208 30°— 2500- dun 50°=0 Tix & - 2600- xl co = > BAB TT -h 22500 [Ps t= r] fae a Ty = 2500N 2500N Tace83o'- T cesSo' = 0 Ts = Th =a] Loeso = ewe = EF ton « = EF Fe bu = L bine. ef [z Bie, AP= = 4 cose QL Minofquotcons of equilioum : 3h =0 Rp t08aK— T=0 T= R, cose —— W) Zz =0 Ra uve -W 0 W= fabink ——@)48. SOL! Sn BADE eee DE= nt Ah =2h-h AD = S@Ay=E0)* tono= J GAT ea Aae oral Zn-h Bah = Gh . fe Ute) Bh h Qn-h) SHEE OS meee eH So J2n-f& ous = O:38T 0-6F0 tan@ = 0-5716 PR 2 9.8776 Ale tane- P Ww Ww P= Wx0.5716 = STIN Lk+ LO+L0 = 180° La +210 = 180° Le =(L80~-45)/2Free ed diagram : Sy of pot su Fa ae fae Looon L> Zon S88 Sa. 4000 “ Bin8 in (180-28) Sap = 1000% 0-9238 Spy = Lo00o% 0:92:38 : o-F0# o:40F ; [sie = £506-6N Sau = 4306-6N | Freee ~ sche - : | secig aingnam of poink B: | Sas ets So } ° \See ave = SAe . See Aun(180-26) £nO gine Sow = 1506-6x 0-104 04268 Soa, = LOOON | | 47.gout QLo. Ra fn(sto-ea) ~ kink * ind We Reet Rate in 40° kin2s in6S Rg = 500% bin26" _ so0% 014226 Eno £ Res 214-3N Rp = 500% AUVES” = S00X 0-406 indo” rae Rp = 453-45N Free +e 90-628) aliagnaen, of A and B- eednd RSO bin 8 = Rg Now, RG = Rat as = 49+5= Liem RU= NTs MO-TO-MN = 18-MN-5 = L3-MN = 13-52 RU = F-8 um binb> #8 = 0-564) Lt MN = RNtanS5o° = YK OS7F = 520m af pilin ood 8 £hy= 0 “kp + Ra bu 33°86" = 0 Z Fy +0 Rg L&3S86- 400 =0 Ra = 400 £35 :86> Rg = 481-GIN Rp = 481-69 bin 53-86" = 4B1-69X 0-557] Rp = 268-38NEquations of eqputilaaiioy os cyplinder. A Zi =0 Ry din 60’ ~ Ry bith 33:86" = O RL = Re sin 33-86 bin 60" = 4BL6ax 0-557 0 8Ce 2, =D Ry 1000 — Ry cBiS5 86" +R, 00660! = 0 Ry = Looot 599-99- 155 Git E P= 50 ee G&= Loon a obser ~ + SO gouteen eee fore Zeo Tees © — Rp sin (40-06) = 0 Tos 6 = Rp sin G0-e) T0086 8= Ro cag 06 © Efye0 Rp 0s (40-<) + Thin 6 - Peo Rp sink +Tune—-P=0 —__, @ Pypations of eqyilitausn fy salt 8. Zfx=0 Rasinc - Tease =o Re bink= Tooke —__> (8) ERyno Re cose - Tyin 0- Q=0 ——~ @ etd. oO | for 7 ea, Substitute in qquation @ T£i8 y bin + Thine- P20 a : p= T(sino+ cose tan) —- © Userg © ne. Rg= Tease SanneSubstituli in equation “TeB80 cox — Tune ~Q=0 Aine. B= T(cosecct « - sine) —— © G&_ These cote — sine) PT laine + £a56tann) QCAuve + 2ai0 tan) = P( cose wwtd - dev) nes & cos 0 8( tane + tanec) =P Ccorn — tare) BtanB+ Qtanec-=-PeerK -Ptane tone (P18) = Peeth -Qtann tano= Pesth -Otann P+Q We Knont, P- 6ON , @=LOON, = 30" ton@= 5o0cetSo'- Loo tanso “S0tf00 = 86-60 — 51-13 450 tan = 0.1924 o-F812 Using equation @ a : Te C888 Cat K = Ain ® - Loo C08 10°94 cot 50° —Lirv50" 7 Loo LF 08 2 too La£056, = BD Jn 6 ABE eq = Bsz6 = BE -6- ne 645 eee oat ie as = n 10 789) = 0-656 LO O.= 0-8 Cee n= 3686 hin 8, = OFF diné.= oe Fapations of eyuliirusm fox ayfiider ¢ Sfye0 Ry - R880, = 0 Ry = Rp L088) Rye ose Re BFy=0 R, Ain 0, ~We = © We = &, sur R= 20%4:8! om 25U5N Ayuations of cquilitrury for cybacur 2h=0 Ruy £080, ~ Rat Ra.c08 Oy =O O-8Ry- Ra +161 -86=0 Re= V4b6EEN EFyz0 1°? es dino. — B din 8} ~My =0 O-6Ry ~ 146-22- 342-4 =0 = 588-62 Oe > 48iNBynations of epubilruum for glands B Zh=0 Re- Ry case, = 0 Re= Ry cosb. 2-0 Re — Ry din 0, - Wa = 0 Rs ~ 588-6 — 1 T15=0 Rs = 735:15N eeeMOMENT OF A FORCE MOMENT OF A FORCE ABOUT AN Axis. the moment of a free a pont, & 4 to the puoduet of te foret ancl po ee distance of te point from tu dint of of the force. ' My = rd Point 0 —= Moment conve Distance ol —~ Asan, of the force Unit of momint = Nm MOMENT. CENTRE » An articlockwwist moment is taken positive . 2 Clockwise moment js taken 1 “Fy & ANTI CLOCKWISE CLOCKWISETHEOREM OF VARIGNON THEOREM OF _VARIGNON “Whe rmement of a force about an anis as equal to th dum of th, moment af it comboreril about the same aris.” leat a F act at a pont A and at fas tue Loi ina ek tue dictions. dt 0 point be ae Moment of Ahe force F about O Fd = F(OA cose) = on (F080) fd = 0A ———~@® Moment sf tht force F, about o Fd, = F @A cose,) = 0A (F008) Fid) = 048 Fay ———» ®@. Monit of the for & atwout 0 Bd, = £.Con case) = onChcesé.) Ed, = OAFx, ——>~ © eee ® and @ Fd, + idx = OAF x, + OA Fy, = OACE x;+ Fx.) ® But fee fey + Fey Sum 4 a components of jou ce 4a Fp and RR cant oc i OA (Fa) = 09 ( Fay t Fes) From © and. @) EQUATIONS OF £auLieRIUM tt the sum ot thy, moresti andr concussent 9 Rewbtant of the tyslom af fosets is oxo and D Moment centre tis on the tine af action of the restart.say fe oe i> Fao Fs Fy Ue ye af mama ota fet abe a font A be geno EMp=0 thers a) Resultant of forts 6,8, BF ia gow. ) Fant A tas on the Line of action of the pusultant. Now, take another port Band fick sum of moment of that foros about point B det ZMg-o thon, ® Keauttort poner i gore. D line 4 action, af the nesuttant Lies larg 08. We know, the neultant cannot hove two Lunes of action Le along 0A anct 08, » tarefoss Hesuttant must be ger8. 7 :gh. Shoupene, 2M, = ZMg-0 These two eqpotions au known as “Moment é . of Eypilibaium,” Expr PLES | E [tnd tn fet Looort fg, D R A, Bo t m e a Re rials & in| Re eee oe beam, AB. fe moments about A 2Mgz0 REX2 — LOOOXS*durZ0" = O " 2Re = 5S00xz Taking, moment about £Me=0 —Re+ Ry 3 binSo =0 Rp = 750 500 Ro= Soon]SOL: Ry=O because at dhe block is Liful of the “etl. B, 78 contact remains with the Koller. “ (ee eee ZM_-0 (4) - P(apain #6") =o ie Aun) New ap = J@oy3aa" oa rae = Jayar = al? Mpg = P(ali-dinzs) Pe xa alia bintS”83. 1 | Sou: Re=0 because as the wheel Js about te | twin, thee in ne contact hetwan th | point ® and the wheel. = Taking memunt about A ZMgzo W(AD) — P(AC bing) = 0 Plc sine) = WCAD) P= War) AC &n@ a i a [ere ah] = VG) 2 VGA elGr-WA ao = Jarno ft P= WJ2rt-ae hindQh. Sour Ju P tole mirumum , sro should, be marimumn din O~ ib Packs at sight angle to Ae Prim + £020 0S 2x 03% 015 - 015x015 BS ango” = Looo Jo-09 — 0-0225 O-8 eee et Frain = 866N Consicler fre beily dingo of bas.Taking. moment about 2 ZN =0 Tac — Rp-AF = 0 gn Db PBC AC = £ 2686 —-@® dn BAF AF = Fo cote 2 Ae et teor ore r $ ® trom © 2 @ T: £2080 — Red £068 =0 T= Re A cota L £888 T= Wy 4 cot op Ane ZL ceo WH cotefr —_ Rhine, (08O/, x LOO Whe Qhiin'® 0080 x 4Now, aa welicat when @ =0° anc bar is eugental when @ = 90" Tension T te be mirimim at dé d [ ELLE EEE 240888 aan) do =O =O bind ty ain’e -£) = eee Asin’® = 4 [snofo] Now, QL CCS hao = bh AL X O2SKO-565. 2My-o PL £080 - QL bin (70-8) = 5 z, Posse - @ un (40-)=0 Prose - 8 e888 -0 Prase = OCere es 78 P [esas L ~ Gwe iaoP cos’ -P- Aco 20 AP 008 9 —8008. -Pzo Now, ni ike eooaae ap HL = 4 [he /Ee ] fh = Given Ag oe clr Str = SMe & ” cs eee ght y LoaParaccet forces In_A Plane eye ee Types OF ParALLel forces £) LIKE ParaLLen forces : Twe forcns parallel in mouse and ing in the same diwdlion wu known as like porated forces. Shue fores con be. equal & unequal. J Fi FL 2») UNLIKE UNEQUAL PARALLEL FORCES? Tw pr when u in ane called unlike wnegual foyalled forcns. Fi 5) UNLIKE EQUAL PARALLEL FoRCES: “avtey equal mapritds ae known as slike equal parallel forces.ResuTaANT OF Two Paraier Forces ActING IN THe = Same Direction 1 det duo fore Pand 8 act at th foinh a Gael is ia eee Pre ate ee Weiter ee pout A ee 8, Me pebultant of 8 and 8. 2 Two panaltl foro ane peplaceal by we aquivalent mon-_ parallel Jorers Hand &, S Bp Dransmillng the pointe of applition of athe deren hi eee O 5 Kesolue the fohees Fi and &, into Brigunal components. 6 Jhe components § ato of and 8; concel as ty we tollinias, and ebbasile in dbivelion. * Oth com Pond 8 act same Lin, ot and in same diswction , hence ant is gen byR=PtB. of the shoe porallel Jonces ond it ach in a direction © paral de them. Line of achion of Rewutlant Consider SOA and ode or = AL. OF oc cD oD Now, OL - oc, p tr @* 3 ——~ @ Similarly fom D081 and OEF OT _ of m:°%-¥ —~-o Hi 3 2ho —— Rewltant of twe Like parathl forces acl panalhl te tum ond lk pouilion is such that it divides the distane teluwein has pots application dn _ Hale which is JrwerselyRESULTANT OF TWO UNEQUAL faRALLEL forces ACTING IN Opposite Directions Lue wn vat a B bet force P is saya tan 6 ae YR is dhe tusultant Af Pond 8 ashing at a pointe, tun ? R c g 2 Point C Lies outside a AB and en same dude as the Langer force ?. Tha pation of point ¢ js auch thet —~ Rettant of we sunequnb parallel jorors lies pulls the Line youning the points of action peppery rg EA eer tae joe. TWO EQUAL PARALLEL FoRcES ACTING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS + CouPLe ne porolldl forces ost : inka bn ne area vita Thy a Single 4 force . Such forces farm a couple whch, tend te nota the Ledy.ARM OF THE couPLe ? ARM _OF THE couPLe Popendicular litance etucan © th Linu 24 action of the toe forces. MOMENT Of A couPLE: Rotational tendleney, of Couple in maswud by the moment. bt is sither of 4 ee Monunt of Couple = Fxd Aniticlockwise moment ~ Positwe Chocktise mement — NGM a | S NOTES 2 Rylan sam of te foes doing a cope i 3 Asp bu af moment of pe Ete eee cand Cea | near about A M, = Fay ~ Pde 5 D> & the Couple , take alzelraio sumhie ; in a plane con be Hence, Maiset sy tuisd onus anu egal in spl. pt i dsl RESOLUTION OF A FORCE INTO A foRCE AND A COUPLE Conatoler va force £ “ at a pant on a a uw te we cod by a force acting a pout B and a Cowble. Fe | ae) a ; m — pea - B M=fd dednaduce 9 mognitids Pe lip oa fac sh r TT ypate Geaadee at ood boas. ee , muipinal foe acling at point Pia reload tye fal ot 8 ein Sih «a of mogndude Prd.EQUIVALENT SYSTEM OF Forces Be —~ Operations which -eystem LOL Yd HO 8 fe D Res a force ante tyse a nay due equal and opposite paca Q at a point a a dus equal and eppssite forces ob & point s) Transmutlirg 0 foe along ats fine of action . GENERAL Case OF Parater forces IN A_PLane | Comacol. quaruber forces anathel andl coplanar an nature Wavy alt at pon A,B, c ancl D of a body. es fae SNTa yrarus parallet te thie forors ancl x- Perpendicular to them. as Hanis be %,), May 3, cy fo forces Seti Ore eee : similarly the Atauttant force Y ties at a ditonce ~ f Jeania. aN e+, —— Alt Aus along y- aris: _ Nene dum of moments af all thest foress about the ships O Mo = Yr t Mexa t Mexs +My ey Mo = 2% xj} —— [Mo = 25] © ense £ The syst wducs 16 a Arosubtort foety of foreus 4 engl Magnitude Resuttant = Y= ZY; agmitude of Moment 6 Resultant = Ye —+-@) Eyusteng @ and® Mo = You ne Me 2 206%) = 6 (fixi) : Y Zyi Tn RIDoe a apo of foress racluices do a couple - Bb oath must be geo. case I Y=O —=> Zy=0 Mo=O => 4yjxj =O —> Condition 4 equililrium can also be enc phutssed, by tute mement equations? 2(Ma); =0 2.05); =0 aaCentRoiD, Centre Of Mass Ano Centre OF Gravity 6 E CENTRE OF GRaviTy—— $8 is the pout though which the act CENTRE OF MASS —— ft ix tht a. onion mate Ep mp assumed te le corcetratd . CG and CM: ane diferent vhin, tte gravitational field is not uniform vend ae CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF A Roby? DETERMINATION BY THE METHOD OF MOMENTS Cometattr a moss MM. KH bo of mumbo. of masses art, Om, BM ---- dM chisbu butid within His body. Lt nm be the rum, bf mass. New M= AML + AM, FhMs +. -2¢ SMa Qustanee of these masses with susbect te the ance be, CY) Cr3 Ya) 5 2 ey Oem nym)ket tq of whole mass M Lie at a distance C%e5ye) mith nat 2 hapune OnKos . Graitetional joree acting on tht moss AMM, f= ane ee ating on tht masses 4M, , OMs , OMy----- Ao = DM, fe = ond fe = aa | ty Fo----fr can be “dshnméntd. Moment of Hesultont um of moments of alt forces i about = about y-axis y-axis Mele = amg Car) + amg Cadt + bring) Xe glare + OMxat---. + BMn xn) "t me DM + Aiyea +. 2+ AMo%en iM We know, m= OM, 4AM2 + DMgt. 2 + AM Me ZAMCONCEPT oF CENTROID —— ONE DIMENSIONAL Bopy ¢ ELINE SEGMENT] Conatctu, a body ¢ shape of curwed Aemogensus @ Dividing the Length woe ine “n° number of elms tr Au, Af, ne -ALn. Uniform arta of cuess- section =A Benet of the Wie = p Voss M of dhe wine of Lingth L = Alp Mass 4 an element 4 length Aty = am, LM, = Volume xdemaity = ACID P AM,= ACbL)p Eig ae asespoct 2 tu acu be, ; Coenyids Cear¥i) 3.2 ~ + 2 Cons) Applying paincipel of memunts Xe = ZCOMi xi) Z OM) te = (Abt px, + (Adls feat. --- + Abtnf AbLip +AbL2 p+... + Ablnf: Alix, + Alsi. +---t Akan Aljt Bia t---tALn Xe = = ZbLixi 2 bu = Z£Aliy; “eau 4 beowmes tht comdinat of the surbesid of the wee 5 generally sufonad to as conbeaiol o a Line LENTROID | OF TWO DIMENSIONAL Boby, Consictr a heme: plot, % Lamia of uniform thickness t , f and tetat ava A. Diwicler the aren of plait ails n’ rember of 4 Ax00s DR, DAs 5 ---- AAy- Yea 4 the conbus of these orcas with do the aces Le (yyy Ceasye) «== -- Guns Yo) anzCoaOe Moos of tne plate = M = Ate Mosh sf the clement=2m, = AA, tp me = ZAM cet sah Xe =yhaytp tAPt pat ~~ - Darty+ Magtpt —t AAntp + DAnt pen He = BAIT AD ear. -- +DAntH DAL + OALt ~~ TARY xe = ZAjay ZAj Ye = EAMyi Zhy. Xe and yo ane coordinalss ca ee Grrrally called coordinates y eurteoid of an respect @ poss ana.oe DETERMINATION OF CENTROID AND CENTRE Of GRAVITY S INTEGRATION METHOD ft dhams aL wan pocwung inv he vapors eG sand cxrbssid, com infinitsimally smalls shin the Locbueasions con Le written as : wee = [ed nee [dA ver fede Sot {oa ‘dm = fyb > JydA 2 Jydlm aa Me" Uae Snhigual Jud is known as out moment of rea with mspect te the ynancs. while cnitgnal yaa 4 Amown ot yin moment of area with pespect Lhe %- anels. INTEGRATION METHOD —> CHOICE OF DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT 3 We know, ee fxd > y- Lxda Jaa JIA Consider On arta OB rounded by cure say are the shuaight Lins Y=a as dhown Lelow,ye ; + a a pa — [oe] | ae 4 os srianguiar ELEMENT sua. of at alyrart,, dA = (nde) a Pwation of ith cuntnoia 7 (gacee Sri) 3 3CHOICE OF THE AXEs of RESERENCE ea Consicler ao beady which ix mélnical fe both Aas be m- ais and y= anid” dulth as a dumbll. Syma avout r-acis—— Lit Hament of ana bm at a diotance y, pom x ais be conotolvud . Ou te dymmaly Hemant of aon Ady oct at a dial a sumilos, ‘ance y, dhe Onis Y sum of the mementt Of all the elements of the area above tht r-amie an taken then, it will cancel with th dum 24 the momests of sinidlan elements of the ane : l 4 Ang dhe x-axis. Heme, Ye" —— Comtyoih hits on the x-acce Xe 20 —— Conbuid. Lies en the Y- aotis.CENTROID OF A COMPOSITE PLANE FIGURE (33! A An ha euswe tb sre which is conde. do be mods tb a several comboncals that Aepsssent familiar geomanie shapes (ep rectangular, cinch , ellipss ele) known. TRIANGLE Composite {4———REPrANGLE RECTANG! Bopy SeMICIRLE To fond the eenbeoich of thu asa, dunce the area Jip difpunt and not ante snfénitesional uemeds. Shin, uae the equation Xe = EAAIX; ZA; ye = ZAAiyi SAA J, positions of santuid of the components can Le taken as indo aut Exeape ? xh = 0 (xes¥e> MAGA Ye xdee = Aum t Pyaee ath, > Yes Mwt Ay : Ay tan 4 a hol % a wid coowt thn it is tuated as oe and ‘magalive Anta. MAME. SHAPE AREA mee Ye. RECTANGLE ab a b Zz 2 TRIANGLE bh oe 4 rs.\ | NAME SHAPE AREA re % | QUARTER: a is circie ore Ae ah HA i aa oz * t y eM ne CIRCLE 7 fo 0 fk BK x y CIRCULAR 5 | eevee ° x on 2ngnd ia | 38 | | f | PARABOLA i 7 Bh | 5 { j 4 Genera | semmoer i (a ai nat) b \ i ane] 2 iNAME we Ye ‘ HEMISPHERE oO a & oueeeceee RIGHT ee S 4 4Anarysis OF Piane Trusses Anp Frames 65) : ENGINEERING STRUCTURES ae Trust sore dined as 4ystim af conneatid moumbos built de ve sig ath tl tly dnd ENGINEERING STRUCTURES [teusses Frames | MACHINES] D TRuss——~ & 2f uniform bors 0. members sng kendo nl al a ) Meroe of @ Buss one atraighs eee §) Leads ane apbliod at 4our> FRAME —— S$ puuctuns sensisling of several yard Ae mumbo pinned. wand in which one oe me than Us amber in sueuneted fo mont than tao fowit a) Os to support toads b) ¥ Shuts. 3) MACHINE —— Spuyetwus th mut and Fross FRAME RigiD oR PERFECT TRUSS Riped. ——— Non: collapse if alt contrat supports ue pomored. : P ey NON COLLAPSIBLECOLLAPSIBLE NATHE MATICAL CONDITION FOR RIGID OR PERFECT TRUSS eh Sou 0 Hust tm vgieh om forpat , the sulatnsip fore m+5 = 2) m= Number ef members J = Number of fount of m+ >2f Truss contains met members than megured 18 de nigid sand fener it is Ore sigiol and be Maid ana, hanes geal DY me 3< 2] Tass .cordains diss members than required to be gust sigud ond fomee it is collapsible under. rigid. STATICALLY DETERMINATE —— A tusas is Le daliominale a7 tgpratiions of. equililowum (stalie) aldre ase, sufficic \ deluuune tre axial torogs in the momtens witherBASIC ASSUMPTIONS FoR TH i e Perrect TRUSS. Joints a. buss are assumed to be pin joast momonls . Stoods on fhe Just are applied at te .jeink members wscth ve at atiy tk te ia 9 aft anne momdens ane ragtigioty emall Tat alii setinmireale, Truss ? DETERMINATION OF AxiAL foRces IN THe Mempers +) Method, Jount, 2D Methed of Sections a Graphical MetheelJIETHOD of JOINTS pee eee tame Sf in dtu soluction ths mag rietiade, i eras at in apie seal dan eeJor D SPECIAL CONDITIONS Pilate econ aare at a joint ae not Lollinear and thew is rf h sa acting at dhe fount, dun the forces im both tht are” gore. A A feh=0 ou ther mules ip at a. joint, > which two axe cotlintar and she “shied Je" at an angle and thy is mo Lod at the goint one force in the third member is geo. atF,20 Sout eng moment alsout A 2Mp_ =O = 2000 (1-8) — Hooo( 4-8) + Re(6) =O ~ 3000 — 18000 +R(6) =0 6Re = 21000 Re = 3500N2Fy20 Ryt Re~ 2000-yooo=0 Ry = 6000-3500 > A e Re Jont At Fao bor A nok Fog, Ra EF =O — Fap C6860" + Fan =O fro = Fag LES EO" s ® Zfy=0 Rp - Fan Sur 60" =0 Rp = 2500N “fap = _ Ra = 2800 in 60° 0-866 Fup = 2886-4 Fag = 28817 ces60° = 2887x0-5 Fae = LUUS-5NJoint C: 6o/¥ "ee Fee co Re Zh=0 Fag C8860" - Fog, =O 2£j-0 Ro ~ Fee in 60 =O fee = Re = 3500 Ain60’ gin éo* fog = HOUL-4 Fee = HOULN fea = fee cog 60° = Hous ces6o" | | Jon D> i { eae : £h=o0 i a i Fg 6860' + Fipe@s60"- Fine = { Ef =0 Fup 810 60° Fp din 60° - 2000 =0Fao = 2887N. 2BBIX 0-866 — Fog x0-B66 - 2000 = 0 ~FogXO? 866 = 2000 ~2887X0KE ~Agxo8es = - 500142 ae = 517-5 Foe = 517 (%60'+ 28872860 = 5ITX0-5 + 2BBTX OS =2885+ L435 foe = 1752N Tonr £ ' Fort Fea coseo* —fae cas60" =o } 1132. +Feg X0-5 — 4ou|x0-5=0 fem = YOUrKO-5 1732 O85 : = 20205 - 1732.METHOD OF SECTIONS (@>) ‘ Sn his, the eqyibileiium of feteone i said uhh eb yf alr as i ome epoy fain > Re RIGHT HaND PORTION ett ee mn cull tht membou EF,86, 8¢ ond the urhinnal in thaw mumios deceme axlowral fous aching on lie podons of the Dues. Ailclrinm of urbe Barus —~ Gf Fuss will we cpus Hemet, thuee equations of epuidilaum, can be useel, yh ow S90 mwMM AWM POINTS To BE REMEMBERED POINTS To BE REMEMBERED. 5) Seotion should be eee not D Section, should duvide tM trust tate twee olor, Sthanat and. wuncennected Bostion° en ckeoent oan fe ten eunee thu unknowns oon dined ee momurtt can be token conuenient -psint which % may net bb au soehion winder ee EXAMPLES | Ot. i Consict, emlirne buss as a fate badly moment alsout A 1 \ 2Mpy =O if Re C6) - 20-5) — 4(45) = 0 ‘ 6GRe = 3+18 | Re = 3-5 KN | | = 1 BAO Ry tRe-2-4 =0 ! Rae 6-35Thre can be mote than one Race eet On duction (mn op): ee “Sioa Coneiaring the epicbctrium of Lt hand portion Taking moment about B 2Mg-0 2000S gun 50.) Ra (Dt Foe CSOs 30)=0 2000 %SX0-5 - BRa + Foe XSx 0-866 =O Fg 77-3000 + 7500 SBROBCEa2. E Los Ble eee ie 7 : oe sou: A 2 eistdnuum of, Yonious joints Fee and Pep osu non- e collinear anol ne ecclomnal oe aes et * fete] Tot D yee fe tS : Sh,20 16 | Fug, C08 UE" Fine = 0 fe fo (4) - Foe = © | Foe = fos. | ie ' ZF x0 Fog bin US" + fog ~ L = 0 fon (4h) 40-4 oa = V2 KNNew, Focz SE GD i TOINT CO ZPas Fee c Bo ~ Pap Stn" foe 26546"4 y= 0 hs Fea Few = Onde +Pepeo~ Fen = Fea Yi Ras xt Zfyeo ~ Fen 86 45" + Fee suvUS'- Fey = 0 -& ,oxt ak Wel Se Reverse the duwelion of the pov in the membur 68.83. Fimo the acowl in tht mumbo 86, 84, BF, GC, GF and Ge of the Truss - 2ko> tai"(#) i, = 49-10" Consider the wnbiu Duss as a frae- body. Taking moment about A ZMy,=0 -W(AD) + RelA) =O AB/ AC = cH50 At= AB CBSSO AC= 3LX2 NB Waindd Xa. =o BR -0 Ya tRe - Wces3o" = 0 Yas WB -_W 1 mS OR = Ww - 1 i =[% &]} | = Wx 1 2G We fe] &Joint C Zh 20 Fac6s860"- Fy, = 0 Re BR=0 — Fye bin 60° + Re =O Foc= Re + fanGo* = Wd 248 BB bin 44.10 COS 49-10 = "756 655Foe * O-UULXNX 0-655 Joint for vo S . d Fes Paver) fe Noi 4 1064 fee Fee + Fae £68 60° + Fig 63709 = 0 i 288, ZPyso —Fgp din 60" + Fag bin 70-4 = 0 Far = Fag sin 20-9" hur 60" = onuu nix 0°94 or 866 Foe = O-4BN Fag = wl 4 OUBW XO-5 + O-UUIW X 0° 327 =0-466W + O-QUW + 0-144207W fodinas . Rewslohoanss ©_Ne 13! wore at Q = wr 24080 ws, Bed] pee ; Ne = wxte 3 x2 We3as ya-BS MO)BCE ex) en Wa = wx 2 (essa + Cine) = -—————— Na = wWxTR No oz Da —_rs tearm ae SOT _Protlareett Ain cena tox’ fFoRS Mo Fe Re MR nan aR Fo MR+EMAN= So Wado OPPy Week Enverlh (se ANB We St Sepia G vf Bn) = ss ae = _OST9BMclmpulte Montendiam — MedRoct ZE = et P Pow’ tin hiv? F elton ZExt = m(v-v) a be eae ee a- = mg (os 2° = _ fee a a ois ZS mg sina? OH mg Gore iz vo (yb ano o-4 fy, asa? XE = ap (0-25) = - Z.OBS seconds. — A. thee shy tal a casas