SPH4U Formula and Data Sheet

Selected Physical Constants

Quantity Symbol Approximate Value
speed of light in a vacuum c 2.99792458 × 108 m/s
universal gravitational G 6.67384 × 10-11 Nm2kg-2
constant
Coulomb's constant k 8.9879552 × 109 Nm2C-2
charge on a proton e 1.6022 × 10-19 C
electron rest mass me 9.1094 × 10-31 kg
proton rest mass mp 1.6726 × 10-27 kg
neutron rest mass mn 1.6749 × 10-27 kg
atomic mass unit u 1.6605 × 10-27 kg
electron volt eV 1.6022 × 10-19 J
Planck's constant h 6.6261 × 10-34 J.s
Permeability of Free Space :o 4B×10-7 T.m/A
Permittivity of Free Space ,o 8.854×10-12 C2N-1m-2
Avogadro’s Number NA 6.022×1023

Indexes of Refraction for Selected Materials

Commonly Used Metric Prefixes Substance Refractive Index
Prefix Abbreviation Meaning vacuum 1.00000
tera T 1012 air 1.00029
giga G 109 ice 1.31
mega M 106 water 1.333
kilo k 103 ethanol 1.36
hecto h 102 turpentine 1.472
deca da 101 window glass 1.50
deci d 10-1 Plexiglas 1.51
centi c 10-2 crown glass 1.52
milli m 10-3 flint glass 1.66
micro : 10-6 zircon 1.923
nano n 10-9 diamond 2.417

Solar System Data

Object Mass [kg] Radius of Mean Metal Work
Object Orbital Function
[m] Radius [m] (eV)
Sun 1.99 × 1030 6.96 × 108 --------------- Aluminum 4.25
Mercury 3.28 × 1023 2.44 × 106 5.79 × 1010 Barium 2.48
Venus 4.83 × 1024 6.05 × 106 1.08 × 1011 Cadmium 4.07
Earth 5.98 × 1024 6.38 × 106 1.49 × 1011 Calcium 3.33
Mars 6.37 × 1023 3.40 × 106 2.28 × 1011 Cesium 1.90
Jupiter 1.90 × 1027 7.15 × 107 7.78 × 1011 Copper 4.46
Saturn 5.67 × 1026 6.03 × 107 1.43 × 1012 Mercury 4.50
Uranus 8.80 × 1025 2.56 × 107 2.87 × 1012 Nickel 5.01
Neptune 1.03 × 1026 2.48 × 107 4.50 × 1012 Potassium 1.60
Pluto 1.30 × 1023 1.15 × 106 5.91 × 1012 Sodium 2.26
Moon 7.35 × 1022 1.74 × 106 3.84 × 108 Tungsten 4.52
Zinc 3.31
Kinematics Light
g = 9.8m / s 2 = 9.8 N / kg Relativity Celestial Mechanics v = fλ
1

1
GM v1 λ1
∆d = a (∆t ) 2 + v1 ∆t γ = 2
g = 2 (− rˆ) =
2 1 − ( vc ) r v2 λ2
1

Ls GM n1 sin θ 1 = n 2 sin θ 2
∆d = − a (∆t ) 2 + v 2 ∆t vorbital =
2 Lm = r



γ v1
v 2 = v1 +a∆t r 3
GM n1→2 =
∆t m = γ∆t s K= = v2


T2 4π 2
 v + v2  m = γmo sin θ 1 n 2
∆d =  1 ∆t n1→2 = =
 2  E = mc 2
2GM sin θ 2 n1
2 2
vescape =
v 2 = v1 + 2a∆d r Pn S1 − Pn S 2 = (n − 12 )λ
E k = mc 2 − mo c 2
GMm

v2 Energy and Eg = − xn λ
ac = (rˆ) r sin θ n = = (n − 12 )
r Momentum L d


2GM
a c = 4π 2 rf 2 (rˆ) W = F ⋅ ∆d R sch = 2 x m mλ
c sin θ m = =

4π 2 r W = F∆d cos θ (
∆E = −GM r12 − r11 ) L d
ac = (rˆ)
T2 E g = mgh ∆x λ



Electrostatics =
v AC = v AB + v BC
L d
Gm1 m2 kq q
Eg = − FE = 12 2 (rˆ) nλ
v 2 sin 2θ r r sin θ n =
R= w
g 1 2
kq
Ek = mv ε = 2 (rˆ) (m + 12 )λ
2
2v sin θ cos θ 2 r sin θ m =
R= w
g 1 kq q
E e = k (∆x )
2
EE = 1 2 c
v 2 sin 2 θ 2 r n=
H= F v
kq
2g k= V=
∆x r Matter-Energy
2v sin θ
∆t = m ∆E = q∆V Interface
g T = 2π
k q = Ne λ max T = 2.90 × 10 −3 mK
L hc
T = 2π Electromagnetism

E = hf =
Dynamics G

λ

FM = qv × B
F = ma x
E k = hf − W

T = 2π FM = qvBSin(θ )
Fc = ma c (rˆ) a h E
p= =

GM 1 M 2 2πt F = IBSin(θ ) λ c
Fg = (− rˆ) x = A sin
r2 T µo I h





B= λ=
Fg = mg J = F∆t = ∆p 2πr mv


µ o NI E = mc 2
Fs (max) p = mv B=
µs =


L hf = (hf )'+ E k
FN p = m1v1 + m2 v 2 + ...
Fk p x = p1x + p 2 x + ....
µk =

FN p x = p cos θ , etc.
F fr = µFN  m − m2 
v1 ' =  1 v1
 m1 + m2 
 2m1 
v 2 ' =  v1
 m1 + m2 