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Lecture 4

This document discusses petrochemical feedstock and specialty products. It begins by introducing the petrochemical industry and its importance. It then discusses petrochemical feedstock, noting that natural gas liquids and naphtha created during oil refining are used to manufacture various petrochemicals. Key factors like availability, cost and desired product portfolio govern feedstock choice. The document also discusses specialty products derived from basic petrochemical intermediates and how they are used in various markets and applications.

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Musah Haruna
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23 views

Lecture 4

This document discusses petrochemical feedstock and specialty products. It begins by introducing the petrochemical industry and its importance. It then discusses petrochemical feedstock, noting that natural gas liquids and naphtha created during oil refining are used to manufacture various petrochemicals. Key factors like availability, cost and desired product portfolio govern feedstock choice. The document also discusses specialty products derived from basic petrochemical intermediates and how they are used in various markets and applications.

Uploaded by

Musah Haruna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK

AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS


Contents
Introduction

Petrochemical Feedstock

Specialty Products

Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 2


Introduction
Petrochemical Industry
 Petrochemicals constitute a very important segment of
world chemicals market, with a share of nearly 40 per
cent.

 The industry is important as it has several linkages with


other sectors of an economy.

 Petrochemicals have backward linkages with other


industries in petroleum refining, natural gas processing
and forward linkages with industries that deal in a variety
of downstream products.
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 4
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 5
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 6
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 7
Petrochemical Feedstock
 A feedstock is a raw material that is used to make a
useful product in an industrial process.

 Natural gas liquids and naphtha that is created from


crude oil during the refining process are used as
feedstock to manufacture a wide variety of
petrochemicals.

 The industry uses a variety of hydrocarbon feedstock


such as different cuts of naphtha from refinery and
natural gas (NGL, ethane, propane, butane, LPG).

Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 13


Choice of Feedstock
 Four crucial factors govern the choice of
feedstock in petrochemical plants: availability,
cost, power consumption and the product
portfolio to be produced.

 With respect to availability, the plant owners


need to be assured of continuous availability of
feedstock.
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 14
 Power accounts for 10 per cent of the cost involved in the
cracking of feedstock. an uninterrupted high quality power is
required for the same. Hence, many petrochemical complexes use
captive power.

 The cost of feedstock is the single largest cost in the production


of petrochemicals.
 Estimates show that cost of feedstock accounts for 40-60 per cent
of total costs.

 While availability is not much of an issue for naphtha, demand


for propane and butane is curtailed due to both pricing as well as
domestic unavailability. LNG imports are, therefore, an
increasingly sought option.
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 15
 Per the portfolio of products, naphtha is used
when a wide range of co-products (including
propylene and butadiene derivatives) is desired
while natural gas and NGL are preferred when
the ethylene output of a cracker is to be
maximized since they yield a higher proportion
of ethylene.

Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 16


 Since each feedstock has a dissimilar
composition of hydrocarbons, the percentages of
petrochemical product yields are different,
depending on feedstock.

 For example, using natural gas to produce


ethylene returns 80% ethylene and 20% other
products, whereas using naphtha returns only
30% ethylene and 70% other products.

Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 17


Feedstock by Region
Specialty Products
 Petroleum feedstock, natural gas, and tar represent the
main production chain drivers for the petrochemical
industry.

 From these basic components, many important


petrochemical intermediates are produced including
ethylene, propylene, butylenes, butadiene, benzene,
toluene, and xylene.

 These essential intermediates are in turn converted into


many other intermediates and final petrochemical
products constructing a complex petrochemical network.
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 20
 Specialty and industrial
chemicals such as
surfactants, ethoxilates,
glycoethers and
desemulsionates are used
in a wide variety of
products that serve
numerous markets like
crude oil production,
water treatment,
pharmaceutical, cosmetic,
detergents, varnishes,
paints and cleaning
products.
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 22
Specialty Products
 Polyethylene glycols
 Polypropylene glycols
 Polyalkylene glicols (PAG´s)
 Non-ionic surfactants
 ​Chelating Agents
 Biocides
 Waxes
 Oil Field Chemicals (OFCs)
 Electroplating
 Green Products
Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 23
Global Specialty Chemicals = $545
billion in 2014

Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 24


Production of Specialty Chemical – Acrylic Ester

Uses: Adhesives, Paints and Coatings


Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 25
Value Addition to Petrochemical
Feedstock Ensures the Production of
Specialty Products of LOVE.

Ing. Prof. Nana Derkyi Oil Ref & PChem Engg 26


HAPPY VALENTINE DAY

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