T T (T3T ) 7R AE A-DNA

CNCAICAT TST DNA» TSSTC

DNA

P
80S
70S
-ferem/eTTATTO CITT, T e , ICRTTT

aTTRTT

R DNA R 70S KIOTN CAT, TRTDTfT, G I T

(3)
( ()

HORPEN
CPL - Proteosome
C a HOR ATT
P T- Microfilament, Microtubules
L E -Intermediate filament.
- Centriole
aT- Ribosome

-104n (8) ()
NO OKSRe

R-M

() ()

MP
M T
P

e PR (-DODSHTH 9000
g(UM Soo A)
(UPM Ato A)
( o.8 um)
/1
|Robert Hooke- RMITN
Carl P. Swanson- Ty CaTTY

(b.3)
Flip-Flop movement-M
LLipid

, arT )

70S 80S
bo P13

rRNA 23s, 16s,5s | 28s, 18s,5.8s, 5s

(o.R)

RNA: 2tfo G2TbA: TRNA

80: yo
DNA A
ETCATCT

(>)
KEC
P= K eDf K
afUPM=T TGN F G TAS
C RDCRS

(S.S)
Stabilizer -TRTTCAA T fafe M
Labilizer- TaACAITAR f fa4 I

(a) (o)

TNYT
 (.3)
TRTATDR T dopf
CPRTTP (Chlamydomonas)
TRTT CE Cha (5T)
39P73 (Zygnema)
ATCE TSTC" U Zyg ( ) f
CTMT (Pithophora)

f (Spirogyra)
-Spiral
T T (Oedogonium)
()
68

CLAP
C gM

A ATP
P
(9)

A J7 RAT E (B) *OR (S) *T (V) MCATE (P)

s. TRNA T too-o0o
B Botrydium,
S Sphaeroplea (4)
V Vaucheria
.R IAE 2NAT AS Catalase 4
P Penicillium (A)

.S)
- e b f (C,K)
TRCT- (B«, B1z, E, K)
(b)

(3)
fcA=Cylinder wall +Monb+
= ARCATT +AA
 (S»)
GNATIR, GACATÍDU, ACATOTN
DNA+ OR/CTR NT =
fASCATCEMfoa/ArsfPATCATN/AATET
TTTLinker DNA TAT

GaTATDTR a DNA T UI THNI YTI AT (fASTfors cr)

T BTR ORTP T a DNA 9 aÍSTA TB DNA RTH double

afo DNA UA UAATIDE P STCATCATAT

(Ro)

Haplopappus gracilis CoTT (2n-2)

(2n-4)
Poa littarosa (2n=506-
Ophioglossum
530) aTCDTCST-Aulacantha sp. reticulatum, 1200
L(2n=1600)
()

Hordeum vulgare Hydra vulgaris

Daucus carota Mus musculus

()

RTDCIATID

mRNA RTICT R AAT mRN RTHNTT R"R PA

()
 (8)
02
06
08
12
14
4,,T 16
18
20
24
26
ATATITN 28
32
40*
42
44
46*
48
60
64
80*

(R)
N 15%
P 10%
TCDTCA RNA 90%
ROPAMTA RNA 10%
RNA PT IRNA
80-90%
(RU)
eiorPICa t-RNA | 31-42 AR
t-RNA AUPAOTE 90f6( -RNA)/
75-80t6 (CBR-
TfNCAT 20&
R-QCKTOTATI ITMTAH)

DNA-N RUT
(.3)
R TUM 20 Å/2 nm On=Aim]
TT NAAUPS0n s 3.4 Ä/0.34 nm
efos a Y34 A/3.4 nmn
tA NAUEDerU RUT 10 TyT
eotdIL5 THTT RUT > 25 1
DNA TR G 106-10 NTT
 f (Two f) -
Adenine, Guanine (TAG) [CsHANa]

aff (Oneft) Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil [CaHAN;]

fauftar DNA Thymine (Only DNA) Uracil (Only RNA)
TS RNA
>Adenine a MTM Thymine 7e aR Cytosine TCY Guanine

(MT )

fT DTR (5-3)

DNA fos a / RNA

DNA
/ /a
.DNADNA . DNA mRNA mRNA-TETÍST

. S -R ( )4AS . DNAMTTUNCA S. mRNA

( ) >I-5' eTTES fANT 3AATR
. mRNATPTE7-@T ATT 5' STEA CPTSAA I
PrST
(SSBP)
- Always single

Never double / f - . Exons= Express= mRNA

.T ( R) R T YA I = R TRF
afrakIESET,
BcTTRAIATCAE ( ) 8. Introns- Intervene- mRNA . tRNA (RU MP)
- /OT5/UTBTAT/'fE
tRNA-Ao' UN
8. A aTA . TMTRITCAIT= CTftoR+
. DNA ATR-3-3 erce snRNA=fs R
ETOTRE ATM AT; 5'-3"
UTACAT SUIT tRNA MCDT
. DNA PAICRU-1OPPO tRNA (Charged) *
(0-1,P-erATa, . rRNARDCE TI+ )
PO-afo)
A. TtT TT (TITT)+3T A=Arrive=T
(CeTET) P-Peptide=
S t a r t Codon = AUG=

Stop Codon =UAA, UAG,

UGA = Protein Release Factor
 (9)
DNA a f y 3TRTICATN

TC ACT FTRTTT
)
mRNA
DNA S (template) .
. . . tRNA
.
(dATP, dGTP, dTTP 4 ttaod (ATP,
GTP, CTP RUTP)
dCTP: ddeoxyribose) CPTUAI
.PT , 8. T41TH AT tRNA
fATspcATORE R
CTNTC
8.
TRAIATICA tRNA

T, P- (A STA,
=

P TR)

8. RNA-TATAST SUTACAT-J tRNA

. RATAT GETÍDI

(RU)

| 1) cATATD 1) TCATO
2) RNA ATAST 2) Transcription factor
cATCATOIA AT RNA FAITTST FAMT 3) RNA ATCAST STN
qRCN CATCATD+ Transcription facto
IC THT RNA ATTS
*RNA ATCAST IA f o 4Ta RNA TTS
5-3 eT (RNA ATCAS-11)
ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP *5-3'y
ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP

MEICU)
efapu RNA 4 (9R RNA ACRT) qWT u

. CaTCNTDTH T 15T ( T @T)- RNA AITA PuNRS

 (o)

DNA DNA
(NTCOT S MDS DNA RTNT)

replication) TCTTICE to000 UA)

RNA ATCR
CRNAATTre RNA TATCTSTTT
( T) Transcription $R Transcription TSAT RMT TDTTSTA TT
| Translation (STTAT ATAT)

(1)
(i) mRNA AR
ii)
(iv) TA aaR
()
()

UPMRTO

Robert Hooke CT AT61a

8
fTefpI
S8 | Karl Nagli
Sbrto
T&TOITST TAT TAf 1f4T(NTCOTFm)
 GATCATCPATH fAfreTera+ A T Í S

Sbb Walter Flemming TOfoa TecGTafsu>Fila

Walter Fleming
fpT
AAICHTPT
W.Waldeyer
So Altman

Sdo Sutton s Boveri

Theophilus Painter
TRTTT

George Palade(cameufara

Richard B. Roberts
JeanBrachet CATET NCE (TA1 A )
. . , . F

Friedrich Miescher

Sdos
Robert Feulgen DNA erA, Feulgen staining
Hans Winkler Tere fecAT RT
Lavine & DNA RNA T
CALHNA+O1R | E.coli: RIWTI7 T 24
SaL R.W. Briedenback

GT fa (39X5.e cm)
CRRTPT
RRCA/JTAG
ATRTTTO74T,PCOT3T, AIITCAT JPOIT, ATTAT TTETI FA
TTT, A , ICTRPTÄDA, (oICYTPRD7,AATTÁ R J T T

Tradescantia
CTCUTT
AI AÍATE RNA «T

TICR (Musa sp) PPT q9fs

Typhonium trilobatum (HT) MF 1M AHT
SSfd 47,
Bongiomorpha pubescens (aE I )
 TAITAT RBC
siHTN (spherosome wR RTW-Oleosome)

T, 1ofam, T-qn MATM

GaTATT
STfTPTT, UTATO, Tue Gfe7

Vaucheria, Botrydium, Sphaeroplea

HT Penicillium EA
, TT,CEPT

TSPATCAPRIC, 2T9ATTAT, TATOTCANIA, TCATCAASA (TEAT)

RHICTATTA, T}CTOT (TENTT)

PCSA, TTAICST
tAIATA

IRT TCAA A spherosome Oleosomne

AICAT

CTCATCA
-

DNA

GPTCAaA Idiomere
 ATPase ADPase TA
TTPase NADH TRD
ADH TTTCNT
CTPase
. ( -
TR
RNAase TIPMS TNT
DNAase

( - Go) ) ATP asse

9c - D
( * *RTEHCSPT)
NADH JTTI
NADH TDINTA RUTTo

ReTt ATP synthases

T Soo T

ATP synthases

CatalaseTNATN A -NAD fscus

-O 8 P RNAase)
b. ITA it

a.

a/a/ANGT/SA/AA

fas T ATST

Spherosome
(Oleosome)
(T)

(FcTENd TRTRI)
PTCATTPT(R TtU,
 97 T T (Important)

MATRAI

, T

, , 5 , TTSE afU
MAPRTDIP-

FIOIAT3TPOT
PIC AHICET

TRDTT

RUNT 4FSTR
TCTT
.CAR D EALS
CA Ca, K MCA T MAAA

fafpCation 7eCa*,S2"Fe",Mn*
RCNA

D feP DNA, RNA

S *
E A ecsA ASA (Enzyme), ®

A ATPfs GETA s fAUT

Apoptosis-IM TAÁfas qg7
L Lipid-RAHTANToA RTR
S Steps-IAAA; KT (steps) fART
 mRNA RTkCR

PEC

~mRNA+30s S0s

N mRNA 40% 60s

UTCNGITN

rCOTNTCE ATP

PABA GA

A Autophagy (TT¥Tt)TA
Autolysis(TDMR)TRST A

T (Break)
A M V K(Acidic)

PER-PM (E
T s aTvTA
ER E RTRY

CMCOTATRCAOT

CCAT
 PTCITT

CO2 TCOIAICR RA)

OUTIRTT ADPATP

COpTCATCATCA

51C (JTATCRPT T )

wTR FMC .TRCOTTTTA

RR
F
M

3JTCIC)
H TA(Cell wall)

ATMICAT( Connection)

TCAD
TOTTTAA D, TPTRLDM,

Catalase H:02-2H,0+02 faDT-fTY

afaITH TO
979T NAD : GeAITA
H02 4
DNA RNA 9 TATUA FTPR
breakdown « Recycling

(TCTC)
 PA

CPAC A , "AT,

pH

TATCAN TAT RT T

TRCOTTTA)

ATC
TRCTT9TA RTE GSPTTA, AUBPAIIM .fq9ref

(fATEPegT
FTRTDTETOTA)

fopaTera

a T a RNARUAT

mRNA RTHNTTN

aICATCAT

f - 41
DNA mRNA ATIDR RUINT
DNA

a - T , fRur, TANR
CaTio RUN TTCA

DNA S RNA
R M I T (NAD' 4R
NADP)
C&fo ROITI (GTP)
H (ATP)
H 1 s RTNT (CTP)
RNA RNA-T AÍDA JRTTI mRNA tRNA

Genetic RNA
RoTafis
mRNA, DNA T HEt TT

gRNA- NTTADa ZUf AT

feRe e I-TMV.
Minor RNA : 4AAR