KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 01 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS : 80
CLASS : X DURATION : 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A
student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.
3. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions
should in the range of 30 to 50 words.
5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these
questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words
6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-
parts.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. The diagram shows the reaction between metal and dil. acid. What is the reason for different
behaviour of Mg in test tube B?

(a) Mg is lighter element than dil. HCI.

(b) Mg reacts with dil. HC1 to produce H2 gas which helps in floating.
(c) Mg reacts with dil. HC1 to produce N2 gas which helps in floating.
(d) Mg reacts with dil. HCI to produce CO2 gas which helps in floating.
Ans: (b) Mg reacts with dil. HC1 to produce H2 gas which helps in floating.
All metals reacts with dil. HCl and dil. sulphuric acid except for few less reactive metals like
copper, mercury, gold, silver, etc. Since, Zn, Fe and Cu are less reactive, so they do not react
with acid. Mg on the other hand is more reactive, so it reacts with HC1 to form hydrogen gas,
which helps in floating.
2. What is the difference in the molecular mass of any two adjacent homologues?
(a) 14 amu (b) 15 amu (c) 16 amu (d) 17 amu
Ans: (a) 14 amu
Two successive homologues would differ by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms in terms
of atoms in their molecules and thus differ by 14 amu in terms of molecular mass.
3. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
(a) Infinity (b) Zero (c) 1 (d) + 1
Ans: (a) Infinity
The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity. The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity as the
image can be formed at infinite distance inside the mirror. This is due to the parallel rays after
reflection through a plane mirror meet again at infinity.
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4. The diagram below shows a leaf that was covered by a piece of black paper for a period of 3
days. After 3 days, the paper was removed. On testing, it was found that the area under the black
paper tested negative for starch and the rest tested positive for starch. What was the experiment
trying to test?

(a) If plants make their own food

(b) If light is required for plants to make food
(c) If plants can respire in the absence of light
(d) If plants can survive even in the absence of light
Ans: (b) If light is required for plants to make food
Leaf exposed to sunlight give iodine test, proving that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.

5. A current-carrying conductor is held as shown:

In which direction should current be passed in the conductor in order to produce a clockwise
magnetic field around the conductor?
(a) North to South (b) South to North (c) East to West (d) West to East
Ans: (a) North to South
The direction of current in the conductor should be from top to bottom i.e., from North to South
direction. It is given that the current-carrying conductor is held in exactly vertical direction. In
order to produce a clockwise magnetic field around the conductor, the current should be passed
in the conductor from top to bottom. It is concluded by applying right-hand thumb rule.

6. For a current in a long straight solenoid N-pole and S-pole are created at the two ends. Among
the following statements, the incorrect statement is:
(a) The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of straight lines which indicates that the
magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid.
(b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of
magnetic material like soft iron, when placed inside the coil.
(c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the pattern of
the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
(d) The N-pole and S-pole exchange position when the direction of current through the solenoid
is reversed.
Ans: (c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the
pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
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 A solenoid behaves like a bar magnet. Hence, the pattern of the magnetic field associated with
the solenoid is same as the pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.

7. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the circuit:

(a) vary continuously (b) does not change (c) reduces substantially (d) increases heavily
Ans: (d) increases heavily
A short circuit in an electrical circuit allows a current to travel along an unintended path, often
where essentially no (or a very low) electrical impedance is encountered. An example of it is
when the positive and negative terminals of a battery are connected with a low-resistance
conductor, like a wire. With low resistance in the connection, a high current exists, causing the
cell to deliver a large amount of energy in a short time. Hence, during a short circuit, the current
in the circuit increases heavily.

8. The graph below shows the variation of force acting on a conductor with current:

After analyzing the graph, a student noted the following. Select the correct statement:
(a) The force acting on a conductor increases exponentially with increase in current.
(b) The force acting on a conductor decreases exponentially with increase in current.
(c) The force acting on a conductor increases linearly with increase in current.
(d) The force acting on a conductor decreases linearly with increase in current.
Ans: (c) The force acting on a conductor increases linearly with increase in current.
The graph between the force and current is a straight line which shows that force varies linearly
with current.

9. In a study it was found that fused ear lobes were found in more numbers within a population
rather than free ear lobes. What can you infer from the above observation with respect to
dominant/ recessive trait?
(a) Fused ear lobes – dominant (b) Free ear lobes – dominant
(c) Fused ear lobes – recessive (d) Both are dominant
Ans: (a) Fused ear lobes – dominant
It can be inferred from the observation that fused ear lobes is a dominant trait whereas free ear
lobes are a recessive trait.

10. What is the minimum resistance which can be made using the following resistors?

(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 3 Ω

Ans: (a) 1 Ω
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 The minimum resistance can be obtained by connecting resistances in parallel. When four
resistors each of resistance 4 Ohms are connected in parallel, we get,
1 1 1 1 1
     1  R  1
R 4 4 4 4
Therefore, minimum resistance = 1 Ohm.

11. In the given diagram, when the magnet is pushed into the solenoid, the pointer of the
galvanometer deflects slightly to the left. Which of the following changes would cause the
pointer to deflect through a larger angle?

(a) Move the magnet faster. (b) Move the magnet away from the solenoid.
(c) Unwind some of the turns of the solenoid. (d) Keep the magnet stationary.
Ans: (a) Move the magnet faster.
On moving the magnet faster, the change in net magnetic field associated with the solenoid will
be more and hence more e.m.f. will be induced.

12. Manish’s mother was baking cake in the kitchen. When Manish came back from school, he
detected smell of hot cake from the drawing room. Why?
(a) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in forebrain
(b) Due to the presence of taste buds
(c) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in midbrain
(d) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in hindbrain
Ans: (a) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in forebrain
Our nose contains olfactory receptors that can recognize the aroma of hot food. The olfactory
lobes of the forebrain receive this information via nerve impulse and interpret it.

13. Which of the following is not the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
(a) They clean the environment.
(b) They decompose non-biodegradable substances.
(c) They participate in food chain.
(d) They replenish the nutrients in the soil.
Ans: (b) They decompose non-biodegradable substances.
Decomposers are the microorganisms which breakdown complex organic substances into simple
inorganic substances. They are very important in the ecosystem as:
(1) They decompose biodegradable substances into useful substances like manure. They thus
clean the environment.
(2) Decomposed substances go back to the soil and can be used by the plants again. Thus,
decomposers participate in the food cycle by replenishing the nutrients of the soil.

14. In the given reaction : ZnO + C → Zn + CO.

I. ZnO is being oxidised.
II. CO is being reduced.
III. C is being oxidised.
IV. ZnO is being reduced.
Choose the correct statement.
(a) I and II only (b) III and IV only (c) I, II, and III only (d) All of these
Ans: (b) III and IV only
When zinc oxide is heated with coke, carbon monoxide and zinc are formed.
ZnO + C → Zn + CO

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 Zinc oxide gives oxygen to carbon. It is oxidation of carbon and reduction of zinc oxide. Carbon
is a reducing agent and zinc oxide is an oxidising agent. ZnO loses oxygen during the reaction.
So, ZnO is reduced.

15. Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making :
(i) washing soda (ii) bleaching powder (iii) baking soda (iv) slaked lime
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Ans: (c) (i) and (iii)
The common salt obtained is an important raw material for various other materials of daily use,
such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda and many more.

16. A straight wire is placed between two poles of a magnet as shown in figure. If an alternating
current passing through a wire then wire will

(a) Move into the page only (b) Move out of the page only
(c) Move out and into the page (d) Remain stationary
Ans: (c) Move out and into the page
The direction of the current flowing in the conducting wire change alternatively when it is
connected to an alternating current supply.

Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions. These consist of two statements –

Assertion (a) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given
below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

17. Assertion (A): In Fleming's left hand rule, the direction of magnetic field, force and current are
mutually perpendicular.
Reason (R): Fleming's left hand rule is applied to measure the induced current.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
It is used to find the direction of force in a current carrying conductor in the presence of
magnetic field.

18. Assertion (A): Unisexual flowers have separate male and female flowers.
Reason (R): Cucumber, pumpkin and watermelon are the examples of unisexual flowers.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)
Unisexual flowers have separate male and female flowers. The example includes cucum-ber,
pumpkin and watermelon.

19. Assertion (a): Non–biodegradable substances are those substances which cannot be broken
down into simpler harmless substances in nature.
Reason (R): Non–biodegradable substances can cause air pollution and make the air poisonous
when burnt.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Non-biodegradable substances are the substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by biological processes. They persist in the environment for a long time and may
cause harm to the various members of the ecosystem. Non-biodegradable substances like
plastic can cause air pollution when they are burnt.
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20. Assertion (a): The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important during
daytime.
Reason (R): Transpiration pull is the major driving force in movement of water during the day.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.
The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important during night time as during
the day, when stomata are open, the transpiration pull becomes the major driving force in the
transport of water in the xylem.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Identify the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following reactions.
(a) HC1(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCI(aq) + H2O(l)
(b) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Ans: (a) Double displacement reaction (b) Displacement reaction
OR
A teacher provided acetic acid, water, lemon juice, aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen
carbonate and sodium hydroxide to students in the school laboratory to determine the pH values
of these substances using pH papers. One of the students reported the pH values of the given
substances as 3, 12, 4, 8 and 14 respectively. Which one of these values is not correct? Write its
correct value stating the reason.
Ans: The pH value of water given is incorrect. Its correct value is 7 since it is neutral in nature.

22. (a) Which plant hormone is present in greater concentration in the areas of rapid cell division?
(b) Give one example of a plant growth promoter and a plant growth inhibitor.
Ans: (a) Cytokinin. (b) Plant Growth Promoter: Auxin/Gibberellin. Plant Growth Inhibitor:
Abscisic acid (ABA).

23. (a) What is the unit of current? Express it in terms of charge and time.
(b) The following table gives the value of resistivity of some materials:
Material Resistivity (Ohm-m)
A 44 × 10–6
B 1010 – 1012
C 1.62 × 10–6
D 1015 – 1017
Which material would you suggest to be used in electric heating devices? Give reason for your
choice.
Ans: (a) The SI unit of current is Ampere. Current (I) can be expressed in terms of the charge
(Q) flowing in time (t) as: I = Q /t
(b) As materials used in electric heating devices are generally made up of alloys having
resistivity in the range of 10–8 Ohm m to 10–6 Ohm–m, material A will be used for electric
heating devices as it’s resistivity is more than that of C, which is a metal since its resistivity is
very low. B and D are insulators as they have very high resistivity.
OR
(a) On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?
(b) Calculate the resistance of an aluminium cable of length 10 km and diameter 2.0 mm if the
resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 × 10–8 m.
Ans: (a) Resistance of a conductor depends on the following factors:
(1) Length of the conductor
(2) Area of cross section of the conductor
(3) Nature of material of the conductor
(4) Temperature of the conductor
(b) Given: l = 10 km = 10000 m; d = 2 mm; r = 1 mm = 10–3 m; r = 2.7 × 10–8  m

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 l 10000
R  2.7  108 
A 3.4  (103 )2
 R  0.859  102   86(approx.)

24. What is a rainbow? Draw a well labelled diagram to show the formation of a rainbow.
Ans: Rainbow - A natural spectrum of sunlight appearing in the sky after a rain shower.

25. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Ans:

S. No. Xylem Phloem

1 Xylem conducts water and dissolved Phloem conducts prepared food material
minerals from roots to leaves and other from leaves to other parts of plant in
parts. dissolved form.
2 In xylem, transport of material takes In phloem, transport of material takes place
place through vessels and tracheids. with the help of companion cells.
3 In xylem, upward movement of water In translocation, material is transferred into
and dissolved materials is mainly phloem tissue using energy from ATP.
achieved by transpiration pull. It is This increases the osmotic pressure that
caused due to sanction created by moves the material in the phloem to the
evaporation of water molecules from the tissues which have less pressure.
stomata of a leaf.
4 Movement of water is achieved by The translocation in phloem is an active
simple physical forces. There is no process and requires energy. This energy is
expenditure of energy. So, ATP taken from ATP molecules.
molecules are not required.

26. Give reasons for the following observations:

(a) Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity.
(b) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by heating them with carbon.
Ans: It is because covalent compounds do not form ions.
(b) It is because these metal, themselves are strong reducing agents. Therefore, cannot be
reduced by reducing agent like carbon.

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 SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling point
(b) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state
(c) Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are somewhat hard.
Ans: (a) Ionic compounds have high boiling and melting point due to the presence of strong
bond between cations and anions. To break or overcome these strong forces of attraction, a
large amount of energy is required.
(b) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state. Conductivity depends on the presence
of number of free ions. Solid ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity because of the
absence of ions (electrons) in the crystal structure. When the ionic compound is present in
molten state, crystal structure deforms and they can easily conduct electricity with the free ions.
(c) Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are somewhat hard. Due to the presence
of strong force of attraction between the positive and negative ions a solid ionic compound
formed becomes hard and solid at room temperature.

28. (a) What is a solenoid ?

(b) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of (i) a current carrying solenoid and (ii) a bar
magnet.
Ans: (a) A coil of many turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in the shape of a
cylinder is called solenoid.
(b)

OR
Suppose your parents have constructed a two room house and you want that in the living room
there should be a provision of one electric bulb, one electric fan, a refrigerator and a plug point
for appliances of power upto 2 kilowatt. Draw a circuit diagram showing electric fuse and
earthing as safety devices.
Ans:

(i) Four components should be labelled.

(ii) All of them should be in parallel and there should be a fuse for safety.
(iii) Live and earth wires should be there.

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29. Sahil took five solutions A, B, C, D and E and tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4,
1, 11, 7 and 9 respectively. Which solution is: (a) Neutral (b) Strongly alkaline (c) Strongly
acidic (d) Weakly acidic (E) Weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.
Ans: Given pH for the solutions are A = 4, B = 1, C = 11, D = 7, E = 9.
Hydrogen ions concentration increases with decrease in pH value and thus strength of acid
increases with decrease in pH value from 7 to 0. On the other hand, hydroxide ion’s
concentration decreases with increase in pH value and thus strength of bases increases with
increase in pH value from 7 to 14. While neutral solution has pH value = 7.
Therefore, (a) Solution D is neutral having pH value equal to 7.
(b) Solution C is strongly alkaline as its pH value is equal to 11
(c) Solution B is strongly acidic as its pH value is equal to 1
(d) Solution A is weakly acidic as its pH value is equal to 4
(e) Solution E is weakly alkaline as its pH value is equal to 9
Hence arrangement of given pH value in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration: C
(11) < E (9) < D (7) < A (4) < B (1)

30. (a) Describe how a squirrel uses its hormonal system to react to a dangerous situation.
(b) How do sensory and motor neurons differ from one another?
Ans: (a) The hormone adrenaline is released into a squirrel's blood when it detects danger,
increasing heart rate and blood flow to tissues. As a result, its cells and tissues receive energy
more quickly, allowing it to flee dangerous situations.
(b) Sensory neurons transmit impulses to the central nervous system after receiving information
from receptors. In order for a muscle, gland, or organ to respond, motor neurons carry messages
from the control nervous system to those tissues.

31. Identify the acid and base which form sodium hydrogen carbonate. Write chemical equation in
support of your answer. State whether this compound is acidic, basic or neutral. Also, write its
pH value.
Ans: Acid - H2CO3
Base - NaOH
NaOH + H2CO3 → NaHCO3 + H2O
Compound is basic in nature. pH value - ranges between 7 to 10.

32. (a) What is an ecosystem? List its two main components.

(b) ‘The number of trophic levels in a food chain is limited’. Justify the statement.
Ans: (a) Ecosystem: It is the structural and functional unit of biosphere. It is a self-sustaining
system where energy and matter are exchanged between living and non-living components. The
main components of ecosystem are biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components comprise
of living organisms: plants, animals, human beings and microorganisms. Abiotic components
comprise of non-living part of the environment: air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight etc.
(b) When green plants are eaten by primary consumers, a great deal of energy is lost as heat to
the environment. Some amount goes into digestion and in doing work and the rest goes towards
growth and reproduction. Only 10 percent of the energy received by them is converted into their
body mass which is available for the organisms of the next trophic levels. The longer the food
chain, the less is the energy available to the final members of the food chain and that energy will
be insufficient for their survival.

33. Trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright light is focused on your eyes.
Ans: When bright light is focused on our eyes, the Photoreceptors generate electric impulses
and pass it to the sensory neurons. They carry the stimuli to the spinal cord which transports the
message to the brain. The brain sends the response to the muscles of the eyelids to close by
contracting the pupil.
Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Brain → Motor neuron → Eye → Contraction of
eye muscles.

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 OR
List in tabular form three distinguishing features between autotrophic nutrition and
heterotrophic nutrition.
S.No Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition
1. It is a mode of nutrition in which It is a mode of nutrition in which organism
organism prepare their own food. cannot prepare their food and obtain it
from different sources.
2. The organisms falling in this category are The organisms falling in this category are
not dependent on any other organism. dependent on other organisms for their
food.
3. Organisms using this mode of nutrition Organisms using this mode of nutrition are
are called as producers. called as consumers.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 60 cm in front of a mirror by
keeping the candle flame at a distance of 15 cm from its pole.
(a) Which type of mirror should the student use?
(b) Find the magnification of the image produced.
(c) Find the distance between the object and its image.
(d) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case and mark the distance between
the object and its image.
Ans: (a) The student should use a concave mirror, as it forms a real image on the same side of
the mirror.
(b) Object distance, u = –15 cm Image distance, v = –60 cm
v 60
Magnification, m      4
u 15
(c) Distance of image from the object = v – u = – 60 – (–15) = – 60 + 15 = –45
The image is formed at a distance of 45 cm from the object.
(d) By applying mirror formula,
1 1 1 1 1 1  4 5 1
        f  12cm
f v u 60 15 60 60 12
And C = -24 cm
Object will be between F and C and the image will be formed beyond C (centre of curvature).
Image will be 4 times magnified, real and inverted.

OR
(a) Name the lens which can be used as a magnifying glass. For which position of the object a
convex lens form: (i) a real and inverted image of the same size as that of the object? (ii) a
virtual and erect image? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer in each case.
(b) One half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete
image of the object? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer.
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 Ans: (a) Convex lens can be used as a magnifying glass,
Position of the object:
(i) When an object is placed at centre of curvature, a real, inverted and equal size image is
obtained.

(ii) When an object is placed between the focus and the optical centre of a convex lens, a virtual
and erect image of the object is formed.

(b) Even when one half of the convex lens is covered with a black paper, the complete image of
the object will be formed.
When the upper half of the lens is covered: In this situation, rays of light coming from the object
will be refracted by the lower half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to
form the image of the given object, as shown in the following figure.
When the lower half of the lens is covered: In this situation, rays of light coming from the object
will be refracted by the upper half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to
form the image of the given object, as shown in the following figure. We will get a sharp image
but the brightness of the image will be less now.

35. Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons? Write the general formula for homologous
series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and also draw the structure of the first member of each

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 series. Write the name of the reaction that converts alkenes into alkanes and also write a
chemical equation to show the necessary conditions for the reaction to occur.
Ans: Certain compounds are called hydrocarbons because they are a group of compounds which
are made up of hydrogen and carbon.
The homologous group of compounds are like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, etc.
The alkanes only have carbon atoms that are attached to the other carbon atoms through single
bonds.
In alkenes, the carbon atoms are connected through at least one double bond and the rest might
or might not be single bonds.
In alkynes, the carbon atoms are connected through at least one triple bond and the rest might or
might not be single bonds.
The homologous group of compounds have the same general formula.
The general formula of homologous series alkanes is CnH2n+2.
The general formula of homologous series alkenes is CnH2n.
The general formula of homologous series alkynes is CnH2n−2.
The first member of alkanes homologous series is methane.

The first member of alkenes homologous series is ethene.

The first member of alkynes homologous series is ethyne.

Ethene can be converted to ethane through the reaction known as catalytic hydrogenation
reaction. This is known as this because it uses Raney Ni, Pt, or Pd as a catalyst. The reaction is
given below.

The conditions which are necessary for this reaction are the presence of a catalyst Ni and the
temperature should be 423K.
OR
(a) Explain why carbon forms covalent bond ? Give two reasons for carbon forming a large
number of compounds.
(b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecule.
Ans: (a) Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and needs to gain or loss 4 electrons to
attain nobel gas configuration. Losing or gaining 4 electrons is not possible due to energy
considerations, hence it shares electrons to form covalent bonds.
Two reasons for forming large number of compounds are:
1) Catenation: The unique ability of carbon to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving
rise to long chains of different types of compounds.
2) Tetravalency: since carbon has a valency of 4, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms
of Carbon or atoms of elements like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine etc.
(b) Formation of NH3 molecule
N - 2,5
H-1

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 Three hydrogen atoms each share their 1 electron with nitrogen to form three covalent bonds
and make an ammonia molecule (NH3).

36. Name three different glands associated with the structures labelled in digestive system as shown
in figure. Also write their secretions and their functions.

Ans: The different glands, their secretions and functions associated with the human digestive
system are tabulated below:

Organ Gland Secretion Enzymes Action of Enzyme

Mouth Salivary Saliva Salivary Breaks down starch to sugar
gland amylase
Stomach Gastric Gastric 1. Pepsin Breaks down protein-
glands juices peptone.
2. HCl Kills germs, creates acidic
medium.
3. Mucus Protects the walls of stomach
from the action of HCl acid.
Small Liver Bile Juice Emulsification of fats and
Intestine creates alkaline medium.

OR
(a) Define excretion.
(b) Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
(c) Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system
which perform following functions: (i) form urine. (ii) is a long tube which collects urine from
kidney. (iii) store urine until it is passed out.
Ans: (a) Excretion is defined as the biological process of removal of harmful nitrogenous wastes
like urea and uric acid from our body which are produced as byproducts of the various
metabolic processes taking place in our body.
(b) The basic filtration unit present in the kidney is the nephron.
(c) The human excretory system is drawn here:
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 The organs performing the following functions have been labelled in the diagram.
(i) form urine: Kidneys
(ii) is a long tube which collects urine from kidney: Ureter
(iii) stores urine until it is passed out: Urinary bladder

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 35 to 37 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Bacteria follow an asexual mode of reproduction, called binary fission. A single bacterium
divides into two daughter cells. These are identical to the parent cell as well as to each other.
Replication of DNA within parent bacterium marks the beginning of the fission. Eventually, cell
elongates to form two daughter cells.
The diagram shows the process of binary fission in bacteria

The rate and timing of reproduction depend upon the conditions like temperature and
availability of nutrients. When there is a favorable condition, E. coli or Escherichia coli
produces about 2 million bacteria every 7 hours.
(a) (i) What is the process of the division of a cell into several cells during reproduction in
Plasmodium?
(ii) A Planaria worm is cut horizontally in the middle into two halves P and Q such that the part
P contains the whole head of the worm. Another Planaria worm is cut vertically into two halves

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 R and S in such a way that both the cut pieces R and S contain half head each. Which of the cut
pieces of the two Planaria worms could regenerate to form the complete respective worms?
(b) The rapid spreading of bread would on slices of bread is due to spore formation. Explain
spore formation.
OR
(b) Suppose a bacterium reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes. The new cells survive
and reproduce at the same rate. The graph below shows how the bacterial population would
grow from a single bacterium. What do you conclude?

Ans: (a) (i) Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission whereby a single cell divides into a
large number of cells.
(ii) P, Q, R and S
Each piece or fragment of Planaria grows into new individual by the method of regeneration. It
is carried out by specialized cells.
(b) Spore formation is a common method of asexual reproduction. The hyphae develop
sporangia. The nucleus of each sporangium divides several. times. Each nucleus gets
surrounded by a bit of cytoplasm and develops into spore. Upon maturation, the sporangium
ruptures and spores disperse to grow on to new substratum.
OR
(b) The growth of bacteria population increases exponentially with time. The variation of time
and number of bacterial cells is not linear, as the graph is not a straight line. The growth pattern
is an exponential increase in number of bacterial cells with time.
38. Case Study – 2
Manoj performed an experiment to understand that heat is produced when a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly added into a beaker containing water. For this, he took 10
mL water in a beaker and added a few drops of concentrated H2SO4 to it. Then, he swirled the
beaker slowly. During the process, a vigourous reaction takes place. It is an exothermic process.

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 (a) Why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
(b) How will the concentration of hydrogen ions gets affected if an acid is diluted?
(c) What is this process called? Define the process.
OR
If we have hydrochloric acid and acetic acid of equal concentration, which will be a stronger
acid and why?
Ans: (a) Dilution of concentrated acid is an exothermic process. If water is added to a
concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns.
When the acid is added to water slowly with constant stirring, the mixture will not splash out.
(b) Concentration of H+ decreases with increase in dilution.
(c) Dilution of the acid. Dilution of an acid or base means mixing an acid or base with water.
This is done to decrease the concentration of ions (H3O+/OH-) per unit volume.
OR
Hydrochloric acid will be a stronger acid, because it produces more H+ ions.

39. Case Study – 3

A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of the school laboratory by
using a mirror.
(a) Which type of mirror should he use and why?
(b) At what distance, in terms of focal length of the mirror, should he place the candle flame to
get the magnified image on the wall?
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in this case.
OR
(d) (i) To get the diminished image of the candle flame, where the object must be placed?
(ii) If the image formed by this mirror is inverted and real, then what will be its magnification?
Ans: (a) He should use a concave mirror as it forms real images.
(b) He should place the candle flame between the focus and centre of curvature of the mirror to
get the magnified image on the wall.
(c)

OR
(d) (i) To get the diminished image of the candle flame, the object must be placed at infinity.
(ii) If the image formed by this mirror is inverted and real, then the magnification will be
negative.

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 02 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Which of the following a balanced equation for the following chemical reaction:

(a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

(b) 2Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(d) Zn + AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + Ag
Ans: (c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

2. Which of the following will turn phenolphthalein pink?

(a) NaOH(aq) (b) HCl(aq) (c) CH3COOH(aq) (d) H2O
Ans: (a) NaOH(aq)
Phenolphthalein solution is a colourless indicator which gives pink colour in basic solution.
Phenolphthalein solution remains colourless in acidic solution as well as in neutral solution.

3. While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix an equal amount
of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of NaOH in a beaker?
(a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown.
(b) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker.
(c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot.
(d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold.
Ans: (c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot
The beaker becomes hot because it is an exothermic reaction.
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4. Why do we store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles?
(a) To prevent precipitation of silver chloride
(b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
(c) To promote decomposition of silver chloride
(d) All of these
Ans: (b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
We store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles to prevent the decomposition of silver chloride
into silver and chlorine gas in the presence of sunlight. The decomposition of silver chloride to
form silver and chlorine gas in the presence of sunlight is given by the equation:
Sunlight
2AgCl(s)  2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)
5. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N ?
(a) O, F, N (b) N, F, O (c) O, N, F (d) F, O, N
Ans: (d) F, O, N
In the modern periodic table, the atomic radii decrease with increasing the atomic number from
left to right. The atomic number of F, O, and N are 9, 8, and 7, respectively. So, atomic radius
will decrease from N to E
6. Identify X, Y and Z based on the basis of given information. X is a non-metal, which is an
important constituent of our food. It forms two oxides Y and Z. Y is toxic and it causes
suffocation and sometimes death. Z is responsible for global warming.
(a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2 (b) X = S, Y= SO2, Z= SO3
(c) X=P, Y=P2O3, Z=P2O3 (d) X= O, Y = O2, Z = O3
Ans: (a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2
The non-metal X is carbon which is an important constituent of our food. Carbon forms two
oxides Y (CO) and Z (CO2). CO is toxic and causes suffocation and sometimes death while CO2
is responsible for global warming.
7. Structural formulae of X and Y, which have the same molecular formula, C3H60 are :
(a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
(b) X = CH3OCH2CH3, Y= CH3COCH3
(c) X = CH3COCH3, Y = CH3COOH
(d) X= CH3CH2OCH3, Y = CH3CH2COOH
Ans: (a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
The aldehyde (X) and ketone (Y) have the same molecular formula as C3H60. The structural
formula of aldehyde (propanal) is CH3CH2CHO while the structural formula of ketone
(Propanone) is CH3COCH3.
8. The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants is :
(a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
(b) Zygote, gametes, embryo, seedling
(c) Seedling, embryo, zygote, gametes
(d) Gametes, embryo, zygote, seedling
Ans: (a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
Gamete formation is followed by pollination and fertilisation to produce zygote which in turn
leads to embryo formation. Fertilised ovule become seed and seeds germinate to produce
seedling.
9. Mohan was confused and did not know how to draw the correct figure for geotropism. So, he
has drawn three figures, as shown below.

Which appears more accurate and why?

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 (a) (I), (II) (b) (I) only (c) (II), (III) (d) (II) only
Ans: (b) (I) only
Figure (I) is more appropriate because in a plant, shoots grow upward because they are
negatively geotropic, and roots grow downward because they are positively geotropic.

10. Choose the correct statement about heart.

(a) The upper two chambers of human heart are called ventricles.
(b) The lower two chambers of human heart are called atrium.
(c) The chambers of the heart are separated by a partition called pericardium.
(d) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Ans: (d) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Human heart is four chambered which means that it is composed of four chambers: right atrium,
right ventricle, left ventricle and left atrium. The chambers are separated by a muscular wall that
prevents the mixing of the blood rich in oxygen with the blood rich in carbon dioxide.
Pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries carbon dioxide rich blood from heart to the
lungs.
11. Choose the correct heading for the given below points
I II
(i) It involves two individuals (i) It involves only one individual parent
(ii) It is a complex process (ii) It is a simple process
(iii) It produces genetic variation. (iii) It lacks genetic variations.

I II
(a) Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
(b) Asexual reproduction Vegetative reproduction
(c) Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
Ans: Option (C) is correct.
Sexual reproduction involves two individuals and the union of two types of gametes whereas
asexual reproduction involves only a single parent. Sexual reproduction is an elaborate, complex
and slow process as compared to asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction lacks genetic
variation whereas sexual reproduction results in offsprings that are not identical to the parents or
amongst themselves. So, it gives rise to diversity among living organisms.
12. Four students plotted the sketch of the patterns of magnetic field lines representing the magnetic
field around a current carrying straight wire as shown in figures P, Q, R and S. Which one of the
following sketches is correct?

(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

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 Ans: (d) S
From right hand thumb rule option (d) is correct.

13. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

(a) Genetic composition of an individual
(b) Characteristics which are visible in an organism.
(c) Alternate form of genes
(d) None of these
Ans: (a) Genetic composition of an individual
'Rr' represents the genotype of an individual. Both the genes (Rr) of a character are
heterozygous.

14. The voltage-current (V-I) graph of a metallic conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2
is shown:

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

(a) T2 (b) T1 (c) Equal at both T2 and T1 (d) Cannot say
Ans: (a) T2
Resistance is the slope of VI graph. The slope of graph at T2 > slope of graph at T1. Therefore,
resistance is higher at T2.
15. As per Michael Faraday, the forefinger, middle finger and thumb indicate the direction of:
(a) magnetic field, force and current respectively.
(b) magnetic field, current and force respectively.
(c) current, force and magnetic field respectively.
(d) force, magnetic field and current respectively.
Ans: (b) magnetic field, current and force respectively
The direction of force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is
given by Fleming's left-hand rule which states that “Stretch the forefinger, the central finger and
the thumb of your left hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the
direction of the field and the central finger that of the current, then the thumb will point towards
the direction of motion of the conductor, i.e., force.”
16. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in fig.
The direction of the force acting on the electron will be:

(a) to the right (b) to the left (c) out of the page (d) into the page
Ans: (d) into the page.
The direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the current as
given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.
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 DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A): Fresh milk in which baking soda is added, takes a longer time to set as curd.
Reason (R): Baking soda decreases the pH value of fresh milk to below 6.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Fresh milk in which baking soda is added is more alkaline in nature. Therefore, add produced to
set into curd will be neutralised by baking soda added by milkmen. Hence, it takes longer time
to set as curd. Also, after adding baking soda to the milk, it becomes more alkaline in nature i.e.,
basic in nature. So, pH of the milk would be increased to above 7.

18. Assertion (a): The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells.
Reason (R): Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Both statements are correct but the given reason does not explain how guard cells open and
close stomatal pores. Each stomatal pore is surrounded by a pair of guard cells. When water
flows into the guard cells, they swell and cause the pore to open. Similarly, when the guard
cells lose water, they shrink and the stomatal pore closes.

19. Assertion (A): Lipase help in emulsification of fats.

Reason (R): Lipase hydrolyses fats and oils.
Ans: (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Bile helps in emulsification of fats whereas lipase are the enzymes which hydrolyse fats and
oils.

20. Assertion (a): In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric circuit.
Reason (R): All electric devices need equal currents to operate properly.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.
Current is constant in a series circuit as there is only one path for flow of current. But different
devices connected in a circuit have different power ratings and therefore draw different amounts
of currents.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Observe the given figure: What happens when the tube is heated?

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.

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 Ans: (a) Balanced equation for the reaction taking place on heating copper (II) nitrate in a
boiling tube is given below:

(b) The brown gas X evolved is nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2).

22. Why does carbon become stable after sharing four electrons? What type of bond is formed by
sharing?
Ans: The atomic number of carbons is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. It is tetravalent
as it has 4 valence electrons. It can neither gain nor lose 4 electrons to acquire the nearest noble
gas configuration. Only way is to share the four valence electrons with the electrons of other
atoms. The type of bond formed by sharing of electrons is covalent bond.
OR
Why are covalent compounds being poor conductors of electricity? Why do covalent
compounds have low melting and boiling points?
Ans: Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity as they do not have charged
particles since the electrons are shared between atoms. Covalent compounds have low melting
and boiling points as they have weak inter molecular forces due to which little energy is
required in changing state by overcoming the force of attraction.
23. In birds and mammals, the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give reasons.
Ans: The separation keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing, allowing a highly
efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in animals that have high energy needs
(birds and mammals) which constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature.
24. Neha did not want to have a child. So, she went to a doctor who suggested her to adopt
contraceptive methods. What are the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?
Ans: Contraceptive methods are mainly adopted:
(1) To avoid unwanted pregnancies.
(2) To keep the population of a country under control.
(3) To limit the number of children a couple wants to have.
(4) To maintain adequate gap between two consecutive children.
(5) To prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
25. Define the term power of accommodation. Write the modification in the curvature of the eye
lens which enables us to see the nearby objects clearly? Give relation between power and focal
length.
Ans: Power of accommodation - Ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length. Curvature
increases/lens becomes thick.
1 100
P  (in m)  P  (in cm)
f f
OR
Why is the sun visible to us 2 minutes before actual sunrise and 2 minutes after actual sunset?
Ans: We are able to see the sun 2 minutes before actual sunrise and 2 minutes after actual sunset
because sun rays undergo atmospheric refraction as they travel from an optically rarer medium
to an optically denser medium when they enter the earth’s atmosphere due to which they are
refracted downwards and hence appear to be above the horizon.

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26. DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would it affect the trophic
levels in the following food chain associated with a lake? Justify your answer.

Ans: DDT being a non- biodegradable pesticide will enter the food chain from the first trophic
level i.e., Plankton.
Non - biodegradable pesticides accumulate progressively at each trophic level. This
phenomenon is known as biological magnification
Hawk will have the highest level of pesticide.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Based on the group valency of elements, write the molecular formula of the following
compounds giving justification for each:
(a) Oxides of first group elements.
(b) Halides of the elements of group 13.
(c) Compounds formed when an element A of group 2 combines with an element B of group 17.
Ans: (a) Valency of group 1 element is 1. Valency of oxygen is 2.

So, the molecular formula of oxide of first group elements is M20 where M is the group element
and 0 is oxygen.
(b) Valency of group 13 elements is 3. Valency of halogens is 1.

So, the molecular formula of halide of group thirteen elements is MX3 where M is the group 13
element and X is halogen.
(c) Valency of group 2 elements is 2. Valency of group 17 elements is 1.

So, the molecular formula is AB, where A is the group 2 element and B is the group 17 element.
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28. Can two people with brown eyes have a blue-eyed baby? Explain.
Ans: Two people with brown eyes can have a blue-eyed baby but the chances are only 25%
provided both the parents are heterozygous (Bb). Brown eye colour (b) is dominant and blue eye
colour (b) is recessive.

Genotypic ratio: 1: 2: 1
Phenotypic ratio: 3: 1
The child who inherits ‘B’ chromosome even from one parent will have brown eyes. The child
who inherits ‘b’ chromosomes from both the parents will have blue eyes so the chances of
brown eyed parents to have blue eyed baby is only 25%.

29. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

Ans: A balanced chemical equation tells:
(1) The number of atoms and molecules of reactants and products involved.
(2) The chemical formula of reactants and products involved.
(3) The catalyst involved in the reaction if any.
OR
State the law of conservation of mass as applicable in a chemical reaction. Illustrate with an
example.
Ans: The law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction. The mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the
reactants. Example to illustrate the law of conservation of mass:
In the reaction CaCO3 → CaO + CO2,
The molecular mass of CaCO3 = 1 × 40 + 1 × 12 + 3 × 16 = 100 u
Molecular mass of CaO = 1 × 40 + 1 × 16 = 56 u and molecular mass of CO2 = 1 × 12 + 2 × 16
= 44 u
Mass of the reactant = 100 u
Mass of the product = 56 u + 44 u = 100 u.
As the mass of the reactant is equal to the mass of the products, law of conservation of mass is
verified.

30. Derive an expression for electric energy consumed in a device in terms of V, I and t, where V is
the potential difference applied to it, I is the current drawn by it and t is the time for which the
current flows ?
Ans: Work done, W = QV
W
Also, P 
t
QV QIR Q
Now, P   (V  IR )  P  IR  I 2 R
t t t
2 2
V V
Energy  P  t  I 2 Rt  2 Rt  t
R R
where, V = voltage, R = resistance, t = time.
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31. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed:
(a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the mirror.
Ans: Formation of image by convex mirror:
Position of the object Position of the image Relative size of the Nature of the image
image
At infinity At focus F, behind the Highly di- minished, Virtual and erect
mirror point sized
Between in- unity and the Between P and F, Diminished Virtual and erect
pole P of the mirror behind the mirror

Ray diagram for image formation by convex mirror:

32. (a) Determine whether the P and Q-marked poles in the following diagram represent the North
or South pole. Why did you choose that response?
(b) Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam,
moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a strong magnetic
field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field?
Ans: (a) Both P and Q are North poles. Magnetic field lines emerge from North pole.
(b) Movement of electron beam from back wall to front wall is equivalent to the flow of electric
current from front wall to the back wall. Now the deflection of the beam towards right means
direction of force is towards the right side. According to Fleming’s left-hand rule, the magnetic
field inside the chamber is in downward direction i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the paper
and directed inwards.
OR
State the rule to determine the direction of a (a) magnetic field produced around a straight
conductor-carrying current and (b) force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor
placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it.
Ans: (a) The rule to determine the direction of magnetic field produced around a straight
conductor-carrying current is Right hand thumb rule which states that that if one holds a straight
current carrying conductor with right hand such that the thumb points towards the direction of
current, then fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of field lines of the
magnetic field.
(b) The rule to determine the direction of force experienced by a current carrying straight
conductor placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to its Fleming’s Left Hand Rule,
which states that if the first finger points in the direction of magnetic field and second finger in
the direction of current, then the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the force acting
on the conductor.

33. (a) How does food chain differ from a food web? (b) Make food chains in (i) forest (ii) pond.
Ans: Ans: (a) Food Chain: It is a series of organisms feeding on one another.
Food Web: It is a network of food chains consisting of a number of interlinked food chains.
(b) Food chains in: (i) Forest: Plants → Deer → Lion
(ii) Pond: Aquatic plants → Scorpion Fish → Flamingo

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 SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. If, in Figure Rl = 10 Ohms, R2 = 40 Ohms, R, = 30 Ohms, R4 = 20 Ohms, RA = 60 Ohms and a
12 volt battery is connected to the arrangement, calculate: (a) the total resistance and (b) the
total current flowing in the circuit.

Ans: (a) Let R' be the equivalent resistance of R1 and R2. Then,
1 1 1 1 1 5 1
       R '  8
R ' R1 R2 10 40 40 8
Let R'' be the equivalent resistance of R3, R4 and R5. Then,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1
         R ''  10
R '' R3 R4 R5 30 20 60 60 10
Total Resistance = R’ + R’’ = 8 + 10 = 18 Ω
(b) Current, I = V/R = = 12/18 = 0.67 A

35. (a) An organic compound X with a molecular formula C undergoes oxidation in presence of
alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K
gives Z, which on reaction gives back 'X'. Identify X, Y and Z and write the reactions involved.
(b) With hard water, "A" compound functions well. The production of shampoos and other
cleaning products uses it. A causes water pollution and isn’t entirely biodegradable. Hard water
makes 'B' less effective. There is no water pollution because it is 100 percent biodegradable.
Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(c) A cyclic compound 'X' has molecular formula. It is unsaturated and burns with sooty flame.
Identify 'X' and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not and why?
(d) An organic compound 'A' is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O. Upon reaction with alkaline KMNO4 the compound 'A' is oxidized to another 'B’
identify the compound A' and 'B'. Write the chemical equation for the reaction which leads to
the formulation of 'B'.
Ans: (a)

(b) ‘A’ is detergent and ‘B’ is soap

(c)

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 It does not decolourize bromine water because it does not undergo addition reaction.
(d)

36. What is sexual reproduction? Explain how this mode of reproduction gives rise to more viable
variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution?
Ans: Sexual reproduction is a natural mode of reproduction which involves two individuals
followed by gamete formation. During sexual reproduction, at the time of gamete formation,
meiotic cell division takes place. During meiosis, crossing over between non-sister chromatids
of homologous chromosomes occurs which brings about new genetic combinations to be
transferred to new generation. Crossing over is the fundamental cause of origin of variations in
sexually reproducing organisms.
Whereas, in asexual reproduction, chance of variations can only occur when there is inaccurate
copying of DNA as only one individual is involved. The variations caused by crossing over in
sexually reproducing organisms are subjected to the selection process. Natural selection selects
those variations which have more adaptive value and guide them towards evolution of new
species. In this way, sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations for evolution.
OR
(a) What are dominant and recessive traits?
(b) "Is it possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed in the next generation?" Give
a suitable example to justify this statement.
Ans: (a) Dominant traits: The trait which expresses itself in F1 (first) generation after crossing
contrasting (opposite) traits is known as dominant character (trait).
Recessive trait: The trait which do not express itself in F1 (first) generation after crossing
contrasting (opposite) trait.
(b) Yes

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Compounds containing oxygen are of great interest in the field of chemistry. Because of
oxygen's high reactivity, it is most often found in compounds. Oxygen reacts rapidly with group
1 elements. All alkali metal oxides form basic solutions when dissolved in water. The principal
combustion product is the most stable product with respect to the reactants. For example, with
careful control of oxygen, the oxide M2O (where M represents any alkali metal) can be formed
with any of the alkali metals.
When a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide, a redox reaction occurs.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
Different metals burn in oxygen with different rates depending on their differing activeness.
The more reactive metal towards oxygen, the brighter and faster the combustion of the metal.

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 Given figure below shows the experiment is conducted to build the reactivity series of metals.
Oxygen that is used in combustion of other metals is provided by heating solid potassium
manganate (VII). When heated, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium ignite
through combustion reactions with oxygen. Glass wool Metal filing Heat up Heat up Potassium
Manganate (VII) crystal

(a) Which metals do not react with oxygen even at high temperature?
(b) What happens when copper metal is heated in air?
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Is this statement true?
OR
(c) Which metal oxides are soluble in water? Explain.
Ans: (a) Metals such as silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures as
they are relatively inert.
(b) Copper does not burn but is coated with black colored copper oxide. When heated, copper
does not burn, but the hot copper metal is coated with a black coloured layer of copper (II)
oxide.
2Cu + 02  2CuO
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Metal + Oxygen  Metal oxide
Some metal oxides, such as sodium oxide and potassium oxide, dissolve in water to form
alkalis:
Moreover, some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide and zinc oxide, show both acidic and
basic nature and are known as amphoteric oxides.
OR
(c) The metal oxides sodium oxide and potassium oxide dissolve in water to form alkalis as
follows:
Na2O(s) + H20(l)  2NaOH(aq)
K2O(s) + H20(l)  2 KOH(aq)

38. Case Study – 2

The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth
and death in a given population will determine its size. The human population growth year wise
is shown in the below figure. Reproduction is the process by which organisms increase their
population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and takes place while
general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not necessarily
mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual act or for having and bringing up children.
Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings to control the size of population.

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 (a) List two common signs of sexual maturation in boys and girls.
(b) What is the result of reckless female foeticide?
(c) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body? Give an example of
it
OR
Write two factors that determine the size of a population.
Ans: Common signs for sexual maturation in boys and girls are:
(a) (i) Broadening of shoulder and chest in boys and development of mammary gland or breast
in girls.
(ii) Appearance of hair on body parts like pubic area, armpits and face.
(b) The number of females will become low in comparison to males. Hence, there will be huge
imbalance between male and female ratio in the population.
(c) Chemical method of contraception e.g., Oral pills.
OR
(c) Factors are: Birth rate and death rate.

39. Case Study - 3

Dispersion of light occurs when white light is separated into its different constituent colors
because of refraction and Snell's law.
From Snell's law it can be seen that the angle of refraction of light in a prism depends on the
refractive index of the prism material.

Color l(nm) Freq. (Hz)

Red 760–647 4.3 × 1014
Orange 647-585 4.3 × 1014
Yellow 585-575 5.2 × 1014
Green 575-491 5.6 × 1014
Blue 491-424 6.6 × 1014

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 Since the refractive index varies with wavelength, the angle that the light is refracted by will
also vary with wavelength, causing an angular separation of the colors known as angular
dispersion.
For visible light, refraction indices n of most transparent materials (e.g., air, glasses) decrease
with increasing wavelength l:
Colour Wavelength Crown Flint
(nm) glass glass
Violet 396.9 1.533 1.663
Blue 486.1 1.523 1.639
Yellow 589.3 1.517 1.627
Red 656.3 1.515 1.622

Most often seen in recently made puddles on the sides of roads, the oil refracts light much the
same way a rainbow does. Simply put, the thin layer of oil floating on top of the water refracts
the light which then bounces back up off the water underneath, splitting the light rays creating a
pool of rainbow colours.
(a) Which ray is least deviated by a prism?
(b) Which colour of light which has the minimum velocity in the glass prism?
(c) Which optical phenomenon is involved in formation of rainbow?
OR
(c) What is the angle of deviation (d) of a prism?
Ans: (a) Red ray is least deviated by a prism as the refractive index of glass is least for red.
(b) Violet has the least wavelength among the colours of the visible spectrum. It has the
minimum velocity.
(c) Formation of rainbow is due to dispersion of sunlight by the tiny droplets of water present in
the atmosphere. Twinkling of stars and early sunrise are due to atmospheric refraction.
OR
(c) The angle between the emergent ray and the incident ray is known as the angle of deviation
of a prism as shown in the following figure:

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 03 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. In an attempt to demonstrate electrical conductivity through an electrolyte, the following
apparatus (see below Figure) was set up.

Which among the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

(i) Bulb will not glow because electrolyte is not acidic
(ii) Bulb will glow because NaOH is a strong base and furnishes ions for conduction.
(iii) Bulb will not glow because circuit is incomplete
(iv) Bulb will not glow because it depends upon the type of electrolytic solution
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (ii) only (d) (iv) only
Ans: (c) (ii) only

2. Why are ionic compounds hard crystalline solids?

(a) Due to the strong force of attraction between positive ions.
(b) Due to the strong force of attraction between negative ions.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Due to the strong force of attraction between molecules.
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Ionic compounds are generally crystalline solids and hard due to the strong force of attraction
between the positive and negative ions. They are generally brittle.

3. Which among the following statement(s) is (are) true? Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight
for a long duration turns grey due to
(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride
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 (ii) sublimation of silver chloride
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iv) only
Ans: (a) (i) only

4. Equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions of same concentration are
mixed and the pH of the resulting solution is checked with a pH paper. What would be the
colour obtained? (You may use colour guide given in below Figure)

(a) Red (b) Yellow (c) Yellowish green (d) Blue

Ans: (c) Yellowish green
Here neutralization takes place between HCL and NaOH solution hence PH will remain neutral
which will be in the yellowish-green zone in PH paper.

5. If the key (K) in the arrangement (figure) is taken out (i.e., circuit is made open) and the
magnetic field lines are drawn over the horizontal plane ABCD, the lines are

(a) concentric circles

(b) elliptical in shapes
(c) straight lines parallel to each other
(d) concentric circles near the point O, but of elliptical shapes as we go away from it
Ans: (c) straight lines parallel to each other
If key is taken out, then current will stop and no magnetic field exists due to the conductor.
Therefore, at point O, there will be earth’s magnetic field and they will be straight lines parallel
to each other.

6. Listed here is the reactivity of certain metals.

Metal Reaction with air Reaction with water Reaction with dilute
acids
Gold Does not oxidise or No reaction No reaction
burn
Sodium Burns vigorously to Violent reaction Violent reaction
form oxide
Zinc Burns to form oxides Reacts on heating Reacts to produce
with water hydrogen
Platinum Does not oxidise or No reaction No reaction
burn
Which of the above metals are likely to be obtained in their pure states from the Earth’s crust?
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 (a) Gold only (b) Sodium only (c) Gold and platinum (d) Zinc and sodium
Ans: (c) Gold and platinum
As gold and platinum do not react with air, water and dilute acids so they can be obtained in
their pure states from the Earth’s crust.

7. The image shows a bud developing on a Hydra.

How does the bud develop in the Hydra?

(a) bud develops due to separation of body parts of Hydra
(b) bud develops due to repetitive cell division at a specific site
(c) bud develops due to change in the environmental conditions
(d) develops due to attachment of another Hydra at a specific site
Ans: (b) bud develops due to repetitive cell division at a specific site
Hydra reproduces asexually by budding. In Hydra, an outgrowth develops due to repeated cell
division at a particular site.

8. A student studies that acetic acid is a saturated compound.

The structure of the compound is shown.

Why is acetic acid classified as a saturated compound?

(a) Because there is a single bond between the carbon atoms.
(b) Because there is a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms.
(c) Because there is a single bond between the carbon and hydrogen atoms.
(d) Because there is a single bond between the carbon and hydroxide diatom.
Ans: (a) Because there is a single bond between the carbon atoms.
This is because it contains single bond between two carbon atoms.

9. Which is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal?

(a) Mouth → stomach → small intestine → oesophagus → large intestine
(b) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → large intestine → small intestine
(c) Mouth → stomach → oesophagus → small intestine → large intestine
(d) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine
Ans: (d) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine

10. The opening and closing of the stomatal pore depends upon:
(a) oxygen (b) temperature (c) water in guard cells (d) concentration of CO2 in stomata
Ans. (c) water in guard cells

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 The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells. The guard cells swell when
water flows into them, causing the stomatal pore to open. Similarly, the pore closes if the guard
cells shrink.

11. What is the direction of magnetic field at a point A above the wire carrying current I as shown
in figure?

(a) Out of the page (b) Into the page (c) Up the page (d) Down the page
Ans: (a) Out of the page
Using right hand thumb rule, if we place our thumb in the direction of current, magnetic field at
point A will be out of the page.

12. Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY)
seeds produce F1 progeny that have round yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants are self-
pollinated, the F2 progeny will have new combination of characters. Choose the new
combination from the following
(i) Round, yellow (ii) Round, green (iii) Wrinkled, yellow (iv) Wrinkled, green
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)
Ans: (c) (i) and (iv)

13. Involuntary actions in the body are controlled by

(a) medulla in fore brain (b) medulla in mid brain
(c) medulla in hind brain (d) medulla in spinal cord
Ans: (c) medulla in hind brain
Medulla is present only in hind brain

14. A metal carbonate reacts with a solution X which forms a salt, water, and a gas Y. What are X
and Y?
(a) X: sodium hydroxide; Y: carbon dioxide
(b) X: sodium hydroxide; Y: hydrogen
(c) X: hydrochloric acid; Y: carbon dioxide
(d) X: hydrochloric acid; Y: hydrogen
Ans: (c) X: hydrochloric acid; Y: carbon dioxide

15. A student connected a simple circuit for verifying Ohm’s law.

(I) Reading of an ammeter connected in the circuit becomes half when resistance is doubled.
(II) Reading of an ammeter connected in the circuit becomes double when resistance is halved.
(III) Reading of an ammeter connected in the circuit becomes half when voltage is doubled.
(IV) Reading of an ammeter connected in the circuit becomes half when voltage is halved.
Select the incorrect statement:
(a) Only (I) (b) Only (II) (c) Only (III) (d) Both (II) and (III) (1)
Ans: (c) Only (III)
As per Ohm’s law, V = IR. Or, I = V/R
Therefore, when R is halved, I becomes double and I becomes half when R is doubled. As V is

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 proportional to I, current becomes half when voltage is halved. Therefore, statement III is the
only incorrect statement.

16. In order to reduce electricity consumption at home, what kind of appliance should one
purchase?
(a) one which draws low power (b) one which produces less heat
(c) one which operates at a higher voltage (d) one which draws a high amount of current
Ans: (a) one which draws low power

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A): The reaction MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 is an example of a redox
reaction.
Reason (R): In this reaction, HCl is reduced to Cl2 whereas MnO2 is oxidised to MnCl2.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2 and HCl is oxidised to Cl2.

18. Assertion (A): Carbohydrate digestion mainly takes place in small intestine.
Reason (R): Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme lactase.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme lipase, protease and amylase.

19. Assertion (A): A geneticist crossed two pea plants and got 50% tall and 50% dwarf in the
progeny.
Reason (R): One plant was heterozygous tall and the other was dwarf.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

20. Assertion (A): Alternating Current is used in household supply.

Reason (R): AC electric power can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of
energy.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 26 carry 2 marks each.

21. A substance X used for coating iron articles is added to a blue solution of a reddish brown metal
Y, the color of the solution gets discharged Identify X and Y & also the type of reaction.
Ans: We are given that the metal Y is reddish brown in colour. This metal is copper and the blue
solution of Y is copper sulphate. Also, zinc is used in protecting iron articles and this process is
called galvanisation. As Zinc is more reactive than copper it displaces copper from its salt
solution, copper sulphate.
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
So, X is zinc, while Y is copper.

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22. The number of malarial patients in a village increased tremendously when large number of frogs
were exported from the village. What could be the cause for this?
Ans: The food chain in the given situation will be:
Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Mosquito larva → Frogs
In the absence of frogs (as they were exported), more mosquito larvae survived giving rise to
large number of mosquitoes. The large number of mosquitoes caused increased incidences of
malaria.

23. Why did Mendel choose the pea plant for his experiments?
Ans: Mendel chose the pea plant for his experiments for the following reasons:
 Pea plants are easy to grow
 They have a short lifespan
 They have larger size flower
 Pea plants are self-pollinated
 Easily identified characters

24. (a) Identify the organism which causes Kala-azar. How does this organism reproduce?
(b) Draw a diagram showing its reproduction.
Ans: (a) The organism which causes Kala-azar is Leishmania. Leishmania reproduces asexually
by binary fission.
(b) Diagram showing binary fission in Leishmania :

25. What is peptic ulcer? How is peptic ulcer caused?

Ans: An ulcer on the inner membrane lining of the stomach is called peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer is
caused by the high acidity of gastric juice secretions.
OR
List two different functions performed by pancreas in our body.
Ans: (i) Pancreas act as a gland by secreting pancreatic juice which contains enzymes.
(ii) Secretes hormones like insulin/glucagon.

26. On what factor does the colour of scattered light depend? Explain with an example.
Ans: The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the scattering particle.
Very fine particles scatter mainly light of shorter wavelengths such as blue light whereas
particles of larger size scatter light of longer wavelengths such as red light.
OR
What would happen if danger lights were blue in colour? Justify your answer.
Ans: Danger lights are red in colour as red light is least scattered by fog or smoke particles
present in atmosphere due to longer wavelength of red.
If danger lights were blue in colour, they would be easily scattered by the smoke, dust and other
fine particles present in the atmosphere due to which they would not be seen at a distance.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Identify the type of chemical reaction in the following statements and define each of them
(a) Digestion of food in our body
(b) Rusting of iron
(c) Heating of manganese dioxide with aluminium powder

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 Ans: (a) Digestion of food in our body is decomposition reaction. A decomposition reaction is a
type of reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or a new
compound.
(b) Rusting of iron is an oxidation reaction. Oxidation is the process which involves gain of
oxygen or loss of hydrogen or which involves loss of electrons during a reaction.
(c) Heating of manganese dioxide with aluminium powder is single displacement reaction. A
reaction in which more reactive element displaces the less reactive element from its compound
is known as single displacement reaction.
3MnO2(s) + 4Al(s) → 3Mn(l) + 2Al2O3(s) + Heat
In this reaction Al is used as reducing agent as it displaces Mn from Mn02 and Al metal is also
more reactive than Mn metal

28. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines around a current carrying solenoid and mark the North
and South poles. What can you say about the magnetic field inside the solenoid? How can a
solenoid be used to form an electromagnet?
Ans: The magnetic field lines around a current carrying solenoid is shown in the figure:

The field inside the solenoid is uniform as the field lines are in the form of parallel straight lines
inside the solenoid. Magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid. Solenoid can be
used to magnetize a piece of magnetic material such as soft iron, when placed inside the coil due
to the strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid. The magnet so formed is called an
electromagnet
OR
(i) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines due to a magnetic field through and around a current
carrying circular loop.

(ii) Name and state the rule to find out the direction of magnetic field inside and around the
loop.
Ans: (ii) Right hand thumb rule.
When a current carrying straight conductor is held in the right hand in such a way that the
thumb points towards the direction of the current, then the fingers will wrap around the
conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field.

29. In the following schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in below
Figure, what would happen if following changes are made?
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 (a) In place of zinc granules, same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube
(b) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken
(c) In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken
(d) Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated.
Ans: (a) In place of Zinc granules if we use Zinc dust reaction speed increases
(b) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid if we use dilute hydrochloric acid ZINC Chloride is formed
Zn+ 2HCl→ ZnCl2 + H2
(c) If we use copper in place of Zinc there will be no reaction as copper will not react with dilute
acids
(d) Sodium Zincate is produced if we use NaOH solution in place of acid
Zn + 2NaOH→ Na2ZnO2 + H2

30. (a) What are the functions of kidneys?

(b) Name the filtration units present in kidneys.
(c) Name two substances which are selectively reabsorbed from nephric filtrate into the blood.
Ans: (a) The functions of kidneys are :
(1) To remove nitrogenous waste from the blood.
(2) To maintain salt and water balance in the body.
(b) The filtration units present in the kidneys are nephrons.
(c) Two substances which are selectively reabsorbed from nephric filtrate into the blood are
glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of water.
OR
Explain the process of breathing in man
Ans: Breathing in Humans has two processes 1) Inhalation 2) Exhalation
Inhalation: Inhalation is the process of taking oxygen. During this process, ribs come out and
the diaphragm moves down. This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the pressure.
This will make the air move towards the lungs.
Exhalation: Exhalation is a process of throwing out carbon-dioxide. During this process, ribs go
down and the diaphragm moves up. This decreases the volume of the lungs and increases the
pressure. As a result, air moves out of the lungs.

31. A student holding a mirror in his hand, directed the reflecting surface of the mirror towards the
Sun. He then directed the reflected light on to a sheet of paper held close to the mirror.
(i) What should he do to burn the paper?
(ii) Which type of mirror does he have?
(iii) Will he be able to determine the approximate value of focal length of this mirror from this
activity? Give reason and draw ray diagram to justify your answer in this case.
Ans: (i) To burn the paper, the student should move the mirror in such a way that paper is
positioned at the focus of the mirror.
(ii) The student have concave (converging) mirror. An image of the sun is formed at the focus of
the concave mirror.
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 (iii) Yes. Since the Sun’s image is formed at the focus of the concave mirror, therefore, the
distance of Sun’s image (piece of paper) from the concave mirror will give the approximate
value of focal length of the mirror.

32. ‘‘A lens can form a magnified erect image as well as magnified inverted image of an object
placed in front of it.’’ State the nature of this lens and draw ray diagrams to justify the above
statement. Mark the positions of O, F and 2F in the diagram.
Ans: The lens is convex
(i) Magnified erect image

(ii) Magnified inverted image

33. Ozone therapy is a controversial alternative medical practice that uses ozone gas to fight
disease. Aditya asked his mother whether this ozone therapy is legal to be used. His mother
explained that in 2019, the Food and Drug Administation (FDA) warned against using this
therapy because there is not enough evidence to conclude that it is safe for medical use. They
say that it has no known useful application in supportive or preventive medicine. It is a toxic
and harmful air pollution on ground level. Why is damage to the ozone layer is a cause for
concern? What steps are being taken to limit this damage?
Ans: Damage to the ozone layer is a cause of concern for the following reason:
(1) Ozone layer depletion causes increased UV radiation levels at the Earth’s surface, which is
damaging to human health as it causes certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts and immune
deficiency disorders.
(2) Synthetic chemicals such as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are mainly responsible for drop of
amount of ozone in the atmosphere.
Steps being taken to minimize its damage are:
 Freezing CFC production at 1986 levels as per the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) agreement.
 Replacing CFCs with environment friendly apliances.
 Minimizing the leakage of CFCs from refrigerators and air conditioners.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. Sahil bought a compound ' X' on electrolysis in aqueous solution produces a strong base Y'
along with two gases 'A' and 'B'. 'B' is used in manufacture of bleaching powder. Identify X, Y,
A and B. Write chemical equations
Ans: When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it
decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of
the products formed- chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
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 2NaC1(aq) + H2O(l) → NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
X Y A B
Chlorine gas is given off at the anode, and hydrogen gas at the cathode. Sodium hydroxide
solution is formed near the cathode. The compound X is NaCl or sodium chloride, Y is NaOH
or sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base. Gas A is hydrogen gas and gas B is chlorine gas,
which is used in the manufacture of bleaching powder. Bleaching powder is produced by the
action of chlorine on dry slaked lime [Ca(OH)2]. Chemical equation for formation of bleaching
powder is :
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O
OR
Raman took a sodium compound 'X', which is also used in soda-acid fire extinguisher, and
heated it gives a sodium compound 'Y' along with water and carbon dioxide. 'Y' on
crystallisation forms a compound 'Z'.
(a) Identify 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write chemical equations of the reactions taking place.
(b) How can we obtain Y from Z? Write equation.
(c) Write any two uses of the compound 'Z'.
Ans: (a) The sodium compound which is also used in soda-acid fire extinguisher is sodium
hydrogencarbonate or NaHCO3. Therefore, X is NaHCO3.
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated, it gives sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. The reaction
taking place is:
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Therefore, Y is Na2CO3.
Sodium carbonate on crystallization forms washing soda or Na2CO3.10H2O or Z.
Na2CO3 + 10H2O → Na2CO3.10H2O
(b) We can obtain Y from Z by heating Y:
Na2CO3.10H2O → Na2CO3 + 10H2O
(c) Uses of washing soda :
(1) It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax.
(2) It is used for removing permanent hardness of water.

35. (i) For the combination of resistors shown in the following figure, find the equivalent resistance
between M & N.

(ii) State Joule’s law of heating.

(iii) Why we need a 5 A fuse for an electric iron which consumes 1 kW power at 220 V?
(iv) Why is it impracticable to connect an electric bulb and an electric heater in series?
Ans: (i) R3 and R4 are in parallel combination.
1 1 1 1 R4  R3 RR
∴ Rparallel is given by      Rp  3 4
R p R3 R4 Rp R3 R4 R4  R3
Now, R1, R2 and Rp are in series.
RR
∴ Req = R1 + R2 + Rp = R1  R2  3 4
R4  R3
(ii) The heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to
 square of current for a given resistance.
 the resistance for a given current and
 the time for which the current flows through the resistor.

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 P
(iii) P  VI  I 
V
1000W
I   4.54 A
220W
Since 4.54 ampere current flows in the circuit, a 5 A fuse must be used.
(iv) Electric bulb & electric heater will not get currents and voltages as per their requirement.

36. (i) Write the functions of each of the following parts in a human female reproductive system: (a)
Ovary (b) Uterus (c) Fallopian tube
(ii) Write the structure and functions of placenta in a human female.
Ans: (i) (a) Ovary:
I. It produces female eggs or ova.
II It produces hormones like progesterone or oestrogen that bring changes in girls during
puberty.
(b) Uterus:
I. It the site where implantation of zygote occurs.
II. It nourishes and provides nutrition to embryo.
(c) Fallopian Tube
I. It carries and take female ovum from ovary to womb.
II. It is the site of fertilisation.
(ii) Structure of Placenta:
(a) It is a disk like structure embedded in the uterine wall.
(b) It has villi on embroyal side and blood filled spaces on mother side surrounded by villi.
Functions of Placenta:
(a) It provides a large surface area for absorption of glucose and oxygen from mother blood to
embryo.
(b) It also takes away wastes generated by embryo into mothers into mother’s blood.
OR
(i) “Use of a condom is beneficial for both the sexes involved in a sexual act.” Justify this
statement giving two reasons.
(ii) How do oral contraceptive help in avoiding pregnancies?
(iii) What is sex selective abortion? How does it affect a healthy society? (State any one
consequence)
Ans: (i) Two reasons:
(a) Avoids unwanted/undesirable pregnancies/ STD’s
(b) Use of condom prevents the transmission of infections from one person to another.
(ii) Oral contraceptives change the hormonal balance of the body so that the eggs are not
released.
(iii) Sex selective abortion is a procedure that is done for female foetuses / female foeticide. It
adversely affects the male-female sex ratio.

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
The nature of non-metals is strongly electronegative. To obtain the nearest noble gas
configuration, they frequently add electrons to their valence shell. They become anions as a
result, which makes them effective oxidising agents.
X + ne- → Xn-
(non-metal atom) (anion)
They react with air or oxygen on heating to form oxides which react with water to form acids.
Thus, non-metal oxides are acidic in nature. Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all.
This is because they are electronegative and therefore, cannot displace hydrogen from acids but
they form covalent hydrides when heated with hydrogen.
(a) Name the acid formed when sulphur trioxide reacts with water.

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 (b) An element 'X' forms an oxide XO, which is a very useful gas used in the process of
photosynthesis. Identify the element 'X'.
(c) Non-metals generally act as oxidising agents. Justify. Identify an element which produces
basic oxide on reacting with oxygen?
OR
(c) Name three elements which form covalent hydride?
Ans: (a) Sulphuric acid
The reaction involved is: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 + heat
(b) Element 'X' is carbon. Carbon forms CO2 on reaction with oxygen. During photosynthesis
plants take in CO2.
(c) Non-metals act as oxidising agents since they can accept electrons. Magnesium, being a
metal, produces basic oxide in reaction with oxygen.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
OR
(c) Carbon, nitrogen and sulphur are non-metals hence, they form covalent hydrides.

38. Case Study – 2

In human beings, the sex of the individual is largely genetically determined. When two germ
cells combine, they will restore the normal number of chromosomes in the progeny, ensuring
the stability of the DNA of the species. Nivedita has dark brown eyes, like her mother. But she
has the same shaped nose as her father.
(i) Explain why Nivedita has features from both of her parents.
(ii) Explain why Nivedita is genetically female.
OR
(ii) In humans, the gene for black hair colour is B and gene for brown hair colour is b. What will
be the hair colour of person having the genetic constitution (a) BB (b) bb?
Ans: (i) DNA, also known as the genetic material is responsible for the transfer of traits/features
from parents to their offsprings. This is because in zygote, one half of the chromosomes is
contributed by the mother, and the other half by the father.
(ii) The explanation lies in the fact that all human chromosomes are not paired. Most human
chromosomes have a maternal and paternal copy, and we have 22 such pairs. But one pair,
called the sex chromosomes, is odd in not always being a perfect pair. So, female have XX
while male have XY pair of chromosomes.
OR
(ii) (a) Black hair, (b) Brown hair.

39. Case Study – 3

A spherical mirror is a mirror which has the shape of a piece cut out of a spherical surface.
There are two types of spherical mirrors: concave, and convex. As is well-known, these types of
mirrors magnify objects placed close to them. It has been observed that as rays from a distant
object depart further from the principal axis of a concave mirror they are brought to a focus ever
closer to the mirror, as shown in fig. below: This lack of perfect focusing of a spherical mirror is
called spherical aberration.

(a) Where is the principal focus of a parabolic mirror?

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 (b) After reflection from a concave mirror, rays of light parallel. to the principal. axis converge
at a point. What do we call that point?
OR
(b) Define centre of curvature and focal length of a mirror.
Ans: (a) A parabolic mirror is a type of concave mirror which does not suffer from any spherical
aberrations and the rays of light which are parallel to the principal axis converge at a point
called the principal focus, which lies in front of the mirror.
(b) Principal focus: It is the point on the principal axis of the mirror at which the rays of light
incident on the mirror in a direction parallel to the principal axis meet after reflection (in case of
concave mirror) or appear to diverge after reflection (in case of convex mirror). It is represented
by the letter F.
Pole: The centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole (P).
OR
(b) Centre of curvature: It is the centre of the hollow sphere of glass of which the mirror is a
part. It lies in front of a concave mirror and behind a convex mirror.
Focal length: It is the distance between the pole and principal focus of the mirror

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 04 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Identify gas A in the following experiment.

(a) Nitrogen (b) Hydrogen (c) Oxygen (d) Carbon dioxide

Ans: (b) Hydrogen
When dilute sulphuric acid is poured on zinc granules, then zinc being more reactive than
hydrogen displaces it from the acid and forms zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas.
Hydrogen is a combustible gas and burns with a popping sound.

2. A scientist in a chemistry lab wants to make salt of pH 5.5 using acid and base. The table shows
the acid and base present in the lab.
1 HCl
2 NaOH
3 H2CO3
4 NH4OH
5 CH3COOH
Which of the acid and base he should use for the reaction?
(a) CH3COOH and NaOH (b) HCl and NaOH (c) HCl and NH4OH (d) H2CO3 and NaOH
Ans: (c) HCl and NH4OH
The salt having pH 5.5 is acidic. So, to prepare an acidic salt, a strong acid (HCl) and a weak
base (NH4OH) is required.

3. Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?

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 (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans: (c) (i) and (ii)
(i) n−butane and (ii) iso−butane are structural isomer of butane.
(iii) and (iv) are cycloalkanes which have different molecular formulas and Hydrogen is making
two bonds which is not possible therefore, these are not isomers of butane.

4. The image shows the transport of gases in body through heart and lungs.

Which option correctly shows the transport of oxygen to the cell?

(a) Lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body cells.
(b) Lungs → pulmonary artery → right atrium → right ventricle → vena cava → body cells.
(c) Lungs → pulmonary artery → left atrium → left ventricle → vena cava → body cells.
(d) Lungs → pulmonary vein → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → body cells.
Ans: (a) Lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body cells.

5. Which of the following occurs during oxygen shortage in muscle cells?

(a) Only X (b) Only Y (c) Only Z (d) Any of them - X, Y or Z

Ans: (b) Only Y
Lactic acid is produced during oxygen shortage in muscle cells.

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6. A cell, a resistor, a key and ammeter are arranged as shown in circuit diagrams.

The current recorded in the ammeter will be

(a) maximum in (i) (b) maximum in (ii) (c) maximum in (iii) (d) same in all three circuits
Ans: (d) same in all three circuits
On rearranging the elements connected in series, there is no change in current in the circuit.
Thus, current will be same in all the three circuits.

7. The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab is traced by
four students shown as A, B, C and D in the figure. Which one of them is correct?

Ans: (b)

8. Which of the following statements about transmission of nerve impulse is incorrect?

(a) Nerve impulse travels from dendritic end towards axonal end
(b) At the dendritic end electrical impulses bring about the release of some chemicals which
generate an electrical impulse at the axonal end of another neuron
(c) The chemicals released from the axonal end of one neuron cross the synapse and generate a
similar electrical impulse in a dendrite of another neuron
(d) A neuron transmits electrical impulses not only to another neuron but also to muscle and
gland cells
Ans: (b) At the dendritic end electrical impulses bring about the release of some chemicals
which generate an electrical impulse at the axonal end of another neuron
Chemicals or neurotransmitters are released at axonal end not on dendritic end. Hence statement
(b) is incorrect

9. A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head bigger, the
middle portion of her body of the same size and that of the legs smaller. The following is the
order of combinations for the magic mirror from the top.
(a) Plane, convex and concave (b) Convex, concave and plane
(c) Concave, plane and convex (d) Convex, plane and concave
Ans: (c) Concave, plane and convex
When the object is between Focus, F and Pole, P of concave mirror enlarged image is formed
behind the mirror. Hence child can see her head bigger in a concave mirror. She can see her
body size of the same size because the plane mirror gives an image of the original size. Convex
mirror gives diminished images and babies legs appear smaller.

10. If the structure marked X in the diagram given below is blocked, then which of the processes
will not occur?

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 (a) Transpiration and respiration
(b) Transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration
(c) Respiration, transpiration and transportation
(d) Respiration and photosynthesis
Ans. (c) Respiration, transpiration and transportation

11. A student carries out an experiment and plots the V - I graph of three samples of nichrome wire
with resistances R1, R2 and R3 respectively as shown in figure. Which of the following is true?

(a) R1 = R2 = R3 (b) R1 > R2 > R3 (c) R3 > R2 > R1 (d) R2 > R3 > R1
Ans: (c) R3 > R2 > R1
We know that the slope of V and I graph is inversely proportional to its resistance. It means
when the slope will be maximum, the resistance will be minimum. From the figure, we can see
that the slope of R1 is maximum, so its resistance will be minimum. Similarly, the slope of R3 is
minimum, so its resistance will be maximum. Therefore, R3 > R2 > R1.

12. Which option illustrates the location of centre that controls the feelings associated with hunger
(M) and the centre that allows a person to walk in a straight line (N)?

Ans: (d)
Hunger is partly controlled by a part of your fore brain called the hypothalamus whereas the
cerebellum is a major structure of the hindbrain that is located near the brainstem. The
cerebellum is the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements.

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13. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at the fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what
will be the energy available at the producer level?
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk
(a) 5 kJ (b) 50 kJ (c) 500 kJ (d) 5000 kJ
Ans. (d) 5000 kJ

14. Disposable plastic plates should not be used because:

(a) they are made of materials with light weight
(b) they are made of toxic materials
(c) they are made of biodegradable materials
(d) they are made of non-biodegradable materials
Ans. (d) they are made of non-biodegradable materials
Disposable plastic plates should not be used because they are made of nonbiodegradable
materials that cannot be broken down into its base simpler compounds by micro-organisms. So
they are an environmental concern as they become pollutants and create disposal problems.

15. Anand took four colourless solutions P, Q, R and S, and performed the following tests. What is
the definite conclusion that Anand can reach?
Solution P Solution Q Solution R Solution S
With methyl No change in Turns red No change in No change in
orange colour colour colour
With No change in No change in No change in Turns pink
phenolphthalein colour colour colour
With red litmus No change in No change in No change in Turns litmus
colour colour colour blue
With blue litmus No change in Turns litmus red No change in No change in
colour colour colour
(a) Both P and S are salt solutions. (b) Both Q and S are basic solutions.
(c) Both Q and R are salt solutions. (d) Both P and R are neutral solutions.
Ans: (d) Both P and R are neutral solutions.
Since there is no change in the colour of solution P and R with any of the indicators so they are
neutral solutions.

16. A cylindrical conductor of length l and uniform area of cross section A has resistance R.
Another conductor of length 2l and resistance R of the same material has area of crosssection:
(a) A/2 (b) 3A/2 (c) 2A (d) 3A
Ans. (c) 2A

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A) : The energy of charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field does not
change.
Reason (R) : Work done by magnetic field on the charge is zero.
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

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 The force on a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field always acts in direction
perpendicular to the direction of motion of the charge. As work done by magnetic field on the
charge is zero, so the energy of the charged particle does not change.

18. Assertion (A) : The compass placed near the current-carrying wire remains stationary.
Reason (R) : The current flowing through a wire gives rise to a magnetic field.
Ans. (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
The compass when placed near the current-carrying wire gets deflected because the current
flowing through the wire gives rise to a magnetic field.

19. Assertion (A) : A convex mirror is used as a rear view driver's mirror.
Reason (R) : Convex mirrors have a wider field of view as they are curved outwards. They also
give an erect, although diminished image.
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of the (A).
Since the image formed is highly diminished in convex mirror, we can see the full image of
faraway objects, which is otherwise not possible in concave and plane mirrors.

20. Assertion (A) : Acquired traits cannot be passed from one generation to next generation.
Reason (R) : Inaccuracy during DNA copying of acquired trait is minimum.
Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
Acquired traits are the changes which do not occur in the DNA of the individual or in its genes
thus they are not passed from one generation to the other.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 26 carry 2 marks each.

21. Why do fire flies glow at night?

Ans: Fire flies have a protein which in the presence of enzyme undergoes aerial oxidation. This
is a chemical reaction which involves emission of visible light. Therefore, fire flies glow at
night.
OR
A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified
potassium permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally
disappears. Write the correct explanation for this observation.
Ans: Potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) is an oxidising agent. It oxidises ferrous
sulphate (FeSO4) to ferric sulphate [Fe2(SO4)3].

22. Give one example of an organic compound present in biogas. Draw electron dot structure of this
compound.
Ans: Example of organic compound which is present in biogas is methane (CH4).
Electron dot structure of methane (CH4):

23. Ibrahim applied sodium hydroxide to the lustrous, divalent element M. In the reaction mixture,
he saw bubbles beginning to form. When hydrochloric acid was used to treat this element, he
recorded the same findings. Tell him how to recognise the gas that was produced. For both
reactions, write chemical equations.

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 Ans: The gas that is released is hydrogen gas, to be precise. Bring a burning matchstick close to
the gas being evolved to check for the presence of hydrogen gas; if the matchstick burns with a
pop sound, the gas is present. It demonstrates how hydrogen gas has evolved.
Reaction with NaOH:
M + 2 NaOH → Na2MO2 + H2
Reaction with HCl;
M+ 2HCl— MCl2 + H2

24. ‘Variations are beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual’. Justify.
Ans: Variations refers to the differences in traits among the individuals of a species.
Variations are beneficial to the species and not necessarily for the individual because
(1) It gives better chance of survival to some organisms in changing environment as they may
have favourable variations.
(2) It forms the basis for heredity.
(3) It ultimately leads to formation of new species.

25. Draw a ray diagram to explain the term angle of deviation.

Ans:

∠δ is the angle of deviation.

OR
Write about power of accommodation of human eye. Explain why the image distance in the eye
does not change when we change the distance of an object from the eye?
Ans: Ability of the eye lens to focus nearby as well as distant objects on the retina by changing
the curvature or focal length of the eye lens is known as power of accommodation. Image
distance in the eye is the distance between the eye lens and the retina and it is fixed. As the
object approaches from infinity towards the eye, the focal length of the eye lens decreases (or
vice-versa) so as to maintain the same image distance.

26. “All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree with
this statement? Give reason.
Ans: During day time, as the rate of photosynthesis is more than the rate of respiration, the net
result is evolution of oxygen. At night there is no photosynthesis, so they give out carbon
dioxide due to respiration.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. A chemical compound ‘X’ is used in the soap and glass industry. It is prepared from brine.
(i) Write the chemical name, common name and chemical formula of ‘X’.
(ii) Write the equation involved in its preparation.
(iii) What happens when it is treated with water containing Ca or Mg salts?
Ans: (i) Chemical Name – Sodium Carbonate decahydrate
Common Name – Washing Soda
Chemical Formula - Na2CO3 .10H2O
(ii) NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3   NH4Cl + NaHCO3
Heat
2NaHCO3   Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
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 Na2CO3 + 10H2O   Na2CO3 .10H2O
(iii) It helps in removing permanent hardness./ It forms insoluble Ca or Mg salts in the form of
scum.

28. 1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. What change takes place on
heating? When hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, a visible change is seen in it.
Give the chemical equations of reactions, the name and the color of the products formed in each
case.
Ans: A black colour is formed on the surface

Original/brown colour is restored.

29. Study the following circuit and answer the questions that follows:

(a) State the type of combination of two resistors in the circuit.

(b) How much current is flowing through (i) 10 Ohms and (ii) 15 Ohms resistor?
(c) What is the ammeter reading?
Ans: (a) Resistors in the circuit are connected in parallel combination.
(b) (i) Let I1 be the current flowing through R1 = 10 Ohm
Now, I1R1 = V
⇒ I1 = V/R1 = 5/10 = 0.5 A
(ii) Let I2 be the current flowing through R2 = 15 Ohm
Now, I2R2 = V
⇒ I2 = V/R2 = 5/15 = 0.33 A
(c) Ammeter reading will be 0.83 A, which is the sum of currents flowing through R1 and R2 as
they are connected in parallel. this can also be done like this.
1 1 1 1 1 3 2 5 1
Since resistors are connected in parallel,       
R R1 R2 10 15 30 30 6
V 5
 R  6  I    0.83 A
R 6

30. Rakesh performed the experiment to study the dispersion of light by a glass prism and drew the
following figure.
(a) The colour at position marked 3 and 5 are similar to the colour of the sky and the colour of
gold metal respectively. Is the above statement made by the student correct or incorrect? Justify.
(b) Which of the above shown positions correspond approximately to the colour of:
(i) a solution of potassium permanganate?
(ii) danger or stop signal lights?
Ans: A beam of white light falling on a glass prism gets split up into seven colours as shown in
the diagram:

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 (a) The colours at position marked 3 and 5 are yellow and blue respectively whereas the student
identified them as blue and yellow. Hence, the statement made by the student is incorrect.
Different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the incident ray, as they
pass through the prism. The red light bends the least while the violet the most.
(b) (i) Position 7 is the position of violet colour, which corresponds to the colour of a solution of
potassium permanganate.
(ii) Position 1 is the position of red colour, which corresponds to the colour of 'danger' or stop
signal lights.
OR
Refractive indices of media A, B, C and D are given:
Media: A B C D
Refractive Index: 133 144 152 165
In which of these four media is the speed of light () Minimum and (ji) Maximum?
Give reasons. Find the refractive index of medium A with respect to medium B.
Ans: The speed of light is minimum in medium D and maximum in A. This is because the
refractive index of a medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in that
medium. So, refractive index of a medium is inversely proportional to the speed of light. As
refractive index of D is the maximum, speed of light in D will be minimum.
Similarly, as refractive index of A is minimum, speed of light will be maximum in A. Refractive
index of medium 2 with respect to nl medium 1 is given by n21 =n1/n2
Therefore, refractive index of A with respect to B is given by nBA = 0.92

31. A cross was carried out between pure breed tall pea plant with pure dwarf pea plant and F1
progeny was obtained. Later, F1, progeny was selfed to obtain F2 progeny. Answer the following
questions:
(a) What is the phenotype of the F1 progeny and why?
(b) Give the phenotypic ratio of the F2 progeny.
(c) Why is F2 progeny different from the F1 progeny?
Ans: (a) Tall because it is a dominant trait whereas dwarf is a recessive trait.
(b) 3 : 1 is ratio between tall to dwarf.
(c) In F2 generation, recessive genes are also expressed in homozygous condition.

32. Plastic cups were used to serve tea in trains in early days—these could be returned to the
vendors, cleaned and reused. Later, Kulhads were used instead of plastic cups. Now, paper cups
are used for serving tea. What are the reasons for the shift from Plastic to Kulhads and then
finally to paper cups?
Ans: Plastic cups that could be returned to the vendor, cleaned and reused raised a concern
towards hygiene and were replaced by disposable plastic cups. These plastic cups are non-
biodegradable and harm the environment. So, they were replaced by Kulhads which is made up
of clay. Making of these Kulhads on a large scale required a huge amount of clay and it resulted
in the loss of top soil which is very fertile.
Now, disposable paper cups are being used because they can be recycled, are biodegradable and
do not harm the environment.

33. State the events occurring during the process of photosynthesis. Is it essential that these steps
take place one after the other immediately?
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 Ans: Events that take place during photosynthesis are:
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule.
(iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate.

These steps need not take place one after other immediately. For example, desert plants take up
carbon dioxide at night and prepare an intermediate which is acted upon by the energy absorbed
by chlorophyll during the day.
OR
Bile juice does not have any digestive enzyme but still plays a significant role in the process of
digestion. Justify the statement.
Ans: Bile does not contain any enzyme but it is essential for digestion because bile is alkaline
and contain salts which helps to emulsify the fat present in the food. So, the bile performs two
functions:
(i) The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic
enzymes to act.
(ii) The bile salts breakdown the fat present in the food into smaller globules. This increases the
efficiency of enzymes in the small intestine to digest the food effectively.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. What are esters? How are esters prepared? Write the chemical equation for the reaction
involved. What happens when an ester reacts with sodium hydroxide? Write the chemical
equation for the reaction and also state the name and use of this reaction.
Ans: Esters: Pleasant smelling organic compounds
Esters are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of acid.
Equation: CH3COOH + C2H5OH   CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Sodium ethanoate is formed when an ester reacts with sodium hydroxide.
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH   CH3COONa + C2H5OH
Name of Reaction : Saponification
Use : Preparation of soap
OR
A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2) reacts with Na-metal to form a compound R and
evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in
presence of an acid forms a sweet smelling compound S (molecular formula C3H6O2). On
addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S on treatment with NaOH solution gives
back R and A.
Identify C, R, A, S and write down the reactions involved.
Ans: C — Ethanoic acid
R — Sodium salt of ethanoic acid (sodium acetate) and gas evolved is hydrogen
A — Methanol
S — Ester (Methyl acetate)

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35. (i) Label the endocrine glands given in figure below:

(ii) A hot object has been touched by you. Draw a diagram that shows the steps that result in a
response, such as a hasty hand pullback.
(iii) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?
Ans: (i) (a) Pineal gland
(b) Pituitary gland
(c) Thyroid
(d) Thymus

36. What is a solenoid? Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of (i) a current carrying solenoid
and (ii) a bar magnet. List two distinguishing features between the two fields.
Ans: A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in the shape of a
cylinder is called a solenoid.

Solenoid Bar Magnet

1. Field disappear on stopping the current. 1. No effect of current on magnetic field.
2. Strength of the field can be changed by 2. Strength cannot be changed.
changing the current.
3. Direction can be reversed by changing the 3. Direction is fixed and cannot be reversed.
direction of current through it.

OR
With the help of a labelled circuit diagram illustrating the pattern of field lines of the magnetic
field around a current-carrying straight long conducting wire. How is the right-hand thumb rule
useful to find the direction of the magnetic field associated with a current-carrying conductor?
Ans: Right-hand thumb rule states that if a current-carrying straight conductor is held in the
right hand with the thumb pointing towards the direction of current, then the fingers will wrap
around the conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field.

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 SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1

We know that the characteristics of image formed by a concave mirror depend on the position of
the object with respect to the mirror.
When an object is placed between F and infinity, the image formed is real and inverted. But
when the object is placed between F and mirror it cannot be obtained on the screen. The image
formed in this case is virtual, erect and magnified. Such image may be seen by looking in the
mirror directly.

When the object is moved from focus towards infinity, the image moves from infinity towards
focus and its size decreases.
When object is placed at 2F image of the same size is formed at 2F, itself.
(i) What will be the nature of image if an object is placed 10 cm in front of a concave mirror of
focal length 20 cm?
(ii) What is the minimum distance between the object and its real image for concave mirror?
(iii) A candle flame 3 cm high is placed at a distance of 3 m from a wall. How far from the wall
must a concave mirror be placed in order that it may form an image of the flame 9 cm high on
the wall?
OR
(iii) Draw a ray diagram when an object is placed near a concave mirror at a distance of one-
fourth the radius of curvature of the concave mirror?
Ans: (i) Concave mirror forms erect and enlarged image when held closer to the cavity.
(ii) The minimum distance is zero as concave mirror forms a real and inverted image at 2F of
the object kept at 2F.

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 (iii) Clearly, the image distance = u + 3
v I (u  3) 9
m     9u  3u  9  6u  9 ⇒ u = 1.5 m
u O u 3
Distance of wall from the mirror = u + 3 = 1.5 + 3 = 4.5 m
OR
(iii)

38. Case Study – 2

A student added 10 g of calcium carbonate in a rigid container, secured it tightly and started to
heat it. After some time, an increase in pressure was observed, the pressure reading was then
noted at intervals of 5 mins and plotted against time, in a graph as shown below.

(i) During which interval did maximum decomposition took place?

(ii) Marble statues are corroded or stained when they repeatedly come into contact with polluted
rain water. Identify the main reason.

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 (iii) What happens when calcium carbonate decompose? What could be done to increase the rate
of decomposition of CaCO3?
OR
(iii) Is decomposition of limestone endothermic? Give reason.
Ans: (i) During 0–5 mins, maximum increase in pressure was observed. So, maximum
decomposition took place.
(ii) Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate
(iii) Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The
rate of calcium carbonate decomposition increases when steam is applied. A catalytic effect
occurs since the activation energy decreases without byproducts formation.
OR
(iii) The decomposition of limestone (CaCO3) to make lime (CaO) is also an endothermic
process. It is necessary to heat limestone to a high temperature for this reaction to occur.

39. Case Study - 3

Have you ever wondered how water reaches the top of tall trees, or for that matter how and why
substances move from one cell to the other? Plants need to move molecules over very long
distances, much more than animals do; they also do not have a circulatory system in place.
Water taken up by the roots has to reach all parts of the plant, up to the very tip of the growing
stem. The photosynthates or food synthesised by the leaves have also to be moved to all parts
including the root tips embedded deep inside the soil. Movement across short distances, say
within the cell, across the membranes and from cell to cell within the tissue has also to take
place. Over small distances substances move by diffusion and by cytoplasmic streaming
supplemented by active transport. Transport over longer distances proceeds through the vascular
system (the xylem and the phloem) and is called translocation.

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 The table below gives the results of an experiment carried out to study the factors affecting the
rate of transpiration:

Amount of water transpired in 1 Hour (ml)

Normal With Fan With Heater With Lamp
Arrowhead 3.6 7.5 6.6 4
Coleus 0.9 6 3.9 3
Devil's Ivy 2.9 4.6 4.1 3
Dieffenbachia 4.1 7.7 6 3.9
English Ivy 1.8 5.1 3.2 2.1
Geranium 1.2 4.7 5.8 2.4
Rubber Plant 4.9 8.4 6.8 4.3
Weeping Fig 3.3 6.1 4.9 2.5
Zebra Plant 4.2 7.6 6.1 3.2

(a) What do we call the absorption and upward movement of minerals from roots to leaves.
(b) Root pressure is involved in transpiration. Is this statement true?
(c) Effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important at night. Justify.
OR
(c) What is the function of phloem?
Ans: (a) The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation and it occurs
in phloem.
(b) Statement is false. Transpiration is a universal process that occurs in all plants. It does not
involve root pressure but the water comes out from a plant in the form of water vapour.
(c) The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important at night as during the day,
transpiration pull is the major driving force in the movement of water in xylem.
OR
(c) Phloem transports soluble products of photosynthesis in plants. Translocation of food and
other substances takes place in seive tubes. Translocation in phloem is achieved by utilizing
energy.

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 05 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. A student adds an equal amount of copper sulphate solution in two beakers. He adds zinc in
beaker P and silver in beaker Q. The student observes that the color of the solution in beaker P
changes while no change is observed in beaker Q. Which option arranges the metals in
increasing order of reactivity?
(a) Copper-silver-zinc (b) Zinc-copper-silver (c) Silver-copper-zinc (d) Silver-zinc-copper
Ans: (c) Silver-copper-zinc
In beaker P, colour changes because zinc being more reactive than copper displaces copper from
blue copper sulphate solution and colourless zinc sulphate solution is formed. No change in
beaker Q indicates that silver is less reactive than copper. So, the increasing order of reactivity
is silver-copper-zinc.

2. Study the diagram given alongside and identify the gas formed in the reaction.

(a) Carbon dioxide which extinguishes the burning candle.

(b) Oxygen due to which the candle burns more brightly.
(c) Sulphur dioxide which produces a suffocating smell.
(d) Hydrogen which while burning produces a popping sound.
Ans: (d) Hydrogen which while burning produces a popping sound.
The reaction is Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Hydrogen gas is formed which burns with a pop sound.

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3. A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle. The clear supernatant solution turns
the pH paper yellowish-orange. Which of the following would change the colour of this pH
paper to greenish-blue?
(a) Lemon juice (b) Vinegar (c) Common salt (d) An antacid
Ans: (d) An antacid
Sample solution turn pH paper yellowish-orange which confirms the acidic nature of the
sample. To make the colour to greenish-blue, we have to add an antacid.

4. Generally metals react with acids to give salt and hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids
does not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals (except Mn and Mg)?
(a) H2SO4 (b) HCl (c) HNO3 (d) All of these
Ans: (c) HNO3

5. What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test tube?
(i) The temperature of the solution increases
(ii) The temperature of the solution decreases
(iii) The temperature of the solution remains the same
(iv) Salt formation takes place
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv)
Ans: (d) (i) and (iv)
When acid is mixed with a solution of base it results in a neutralization reaction. Neutralization
is an exothermic reaction which results in the formation of salt.

6. Which of the following reactions is a neutralisation reaction?

(a) 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
(b) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
(c) MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
(d) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O
Ans: (d) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O

7. Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following

(i) Propane (ii) Propene (iii) Propyne (iv) Chloropropane
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
Ans: (d) (ii) and (iii)
Propene has double bond and Propyne is having a triple bond. Hence they are unsaturated
compounds.

8. Which one among the following is not removed as a waste product from the body of a plant?
(a) Resins and Gums (b) Urea (c) Dry Leaves (d) Excess Water
Ans: (b) Urea
Urea is not formed in the plants. The excretory products that are produced by the plants are
resins, gums, latex, dry leaves and excess water.

9. A student was asked to write a stepwise procedure to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is
necessary for photosynthesis. He wrote the following steps. The wrongly worded step is:

(a) Both potted plants are kept in dark room for at least three days.
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 (b) Bottom of the bell jars is sealed to make them air tight.
(c) Both potted plants are kept in sunlight after the starch test.
(d) A leaf from both the plants is taken to test the presence of starch.
Ans: (c) Both potted plants are kept in sunlight after the starch test.

10. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

(a) For every hormone there is a gene.
(b) For every protein there is a gene.
(c) For production of every enzyme there is a gene.
(d) For every molecule of fat there is a gene.
Ans: (d) For every molecule of fat there is a gene.

11. Select the mismatched pair

(a) Adrenaline: Pituitary gland (b) Testosterone: Testes
(c) Estrogen : Ovary (d) Thyroxin: Thyroid gland
Ans: (a) Adrenaline: Pituitary gland
Adrenaline is secreted by Adrenal gland and Pituitary gland produces TSH, FSH and GSH
hormones.

12. Electrical impulse travels in a neuron from

(a) Dendrite → axon → axonal end → cell body
(b) Cell body → dendrite → axon → axonal end
(c) Dendrite → cell body → axon → axonal end
(d) Axonal end → axon → cell body → dendrite
Ans: (c) Dendrite → cell body → axon → axonal end
Stimulus is received by dendrites which are transmitted to cyton through axon. Stimulus reaches
the terminal branches called as axonal end from where they are transmitted to another neuron.

13. Four cells each of emf 1.5V and the internal resistance 0.5 Ω are connected in series but one cell
is wrongly connected as shown in figure.

The net voltage and net internal resistance between A and B is

(a) 6 V, 2 Ω (b) 4.5 V, 1.5 Ω (c) 3V, 1 Ω (d) 3V, 2 Ω
Ans: (d) 3V, 2 Ω
Cells are connected in series.
So, Enet = 1.5 – 1.5 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 3V
rnet = 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 2 

14. What is the direction of magnetic field at a point A above the wire carrying current I as shown
in figure?

(a) Out of the page (b) Into the page (c) Up the page (d) Down the page
Ans: (a) Out of the page
According to Right hand thumb rule, the magnetic field lines emerges at A is out of the page.

15. When a 4V battery is connected across an unknown resistor there is a current of 100 mA in the
circuit. The value of the resistance of the resistor is:
(a) 4 Ω (b) 40 Ω (c) 400 Ω (d) 0.4 Ω
Ans: (b) 40 Ω

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 V 4
R   40
I 100 103

16. A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as shown in
below Figure. In the field an electron and a proton move as shown. The electron and the proton
experience

(a) forces both pointing into the plane of paper

(b) forces both pointing out of the plane of paper
(c) forces pointing into the plane of paper and out of the plane of paper, respectively
(d) force pointing opposite and along the direction of the uniform magnetic field respectively
Ans: (a) forces both pointing into the plane of the paper
Direction of movement of electron is opposite to the direction of electric current. This will make
the current move upwards. If the index finger shows the direction of magnetic field, ring finger
shows the current direction and direction of thumb into paper.

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

17. Assertion (A): A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The deflection of the
compass needle decreases when the magnitude of an electric current in the wire is increased.
Reason (R): Strength of a magnetic field at a point near the conductor increases on increasing
the current.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.
The deflection of the compass increases when current increases.

18. Assertion (A): Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid.
Reason (R): Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

19. Assertion(A): The sex of a child in human beings will be determined by the type of
chromosome he/she inherits from the father.
Reason(R): A child who inherits ‘X’ chromosome from his father would be a girl (XX), while a
child who inherits a ‘Y’ chromosome from the father would be a boy (XY).
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

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20. Assertion(A): Spores are formed in sporangia.
Reason(R): Spores grow into separate individuals in moist conditions.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. 21. Identify the substances oxidised and the substances reduced in the following reactions.
(i) ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn + CO(g)
(ii) 4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s)
Ans: (i) C is oxidised and ZnO is reduced.
(ii) Na is oxidised and O2 is reduced.

OR
Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?
(i) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(ii) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(iii) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(iv) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water
Ans: (i) is endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes.
(ii) is exothermic as heat is released in these changes.
(iii) is exothermic as heat is released in these changes.
(iv) is endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes.

22. 24. List in tabular form three distinguishing features between cerebrum and cerebellum.
Ans:
Cerebrum Cerebellum
1. It forms the part of forebrain. 1. It forms the part of hindbrain.
2. It is composed of two cerebral hemispheres, 2. It has two cerebellar hemispheres and the
each consisting of four lobes, namely temporal, presence of a medial vermis.
parietal, occipital and frontal.
3. It controls the muscular movements, interprets 3. It maintains the body equilibrium, muscle
sensory impulses and is concerned with emotions coordination and muscle tone.
and intelligence.

23. 23. What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
Ans: Gastric glands in stomach release hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin and mucus. Mucus
protects the inner lining of stomach from the action of hydrochloric acid and enzyme pepsin. If
mucus is not released, it will lead to erosion of inner lining of stomach, leading to acidity and
ulcers.

24. 24. Answer the following:

(i) Which hormone is responsible for the changes noticed in females at puberty?
(ii) Dwarfism results due to deficiency of which hormone?
(iii) Blood sugar level rises due to deficiency of which hormone?
(iv) Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of which hormone?
Ans: (i) Oestrogen (ii) Growth hormone (iii) Insulin (iv) Thyroxin

25. 33. Give two examples of decomposers. State their important role in nature.
Ans: Bacteria and fungi are decomposers because bacteria and fungi break down the dead and
decaying organic matter into simpler substances and provide the nutrients back to the soil.
Importance of decomposers in nature are:
(i) They act as natural scavengers.
(ii) They help in recycling of nutrients.

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26. A student sitting at the back of the classroom cannot read clearly the letters written on the
blackboard. What advice will a doctor give to her? Draw ray diagram for the correction of this
defect.
Ans: If a student cannot see the blackboard distant to her she is suffering from Myopia. Hence
doctor advises concave lens of suitable focal length.

OR
Why do we see a rainbow in the sky only after rainfall?
Ans: Rainbow is caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the
atmosphere. A rainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun. The water
droplets act like small prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it
internally, and finally refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. 27. Identify the acid and the base from which sodium chloride is obtained. Which type of salt is
it? When is it called rock salt? How is rock salt formed?
Ans: Sodium chloride is obtained by the reaction of sodium hydroxide (base) and hydrochloric
acid. It is a neutral salt as it is formed by the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base. The salt
obtained from seas contains impurities thus appear brown in colour. This is known as rock salt.
Beds of rock salt formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. It is mined like coal.

28. 28. An element A burns with golden flame in air. It reacts with another element B, atomic
number 17 to give a product C. An aqueous solution of product C on electrolysis gives a
compound D and liberates hydrogen. Identify A, B, C and D. Also write down the equations for
the reactions involved.
Ans: A – Na; B – Cl2; C – NaCl; D – NaOH
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)

29. 30. A lens produces a magnification of –0.5. Is this a converging or diverging lens? If the focal
length of the lens is 6 cm, draw a ray diagram showing the image formation in this case.
Ans: The image will be real and inverted, since the magnification has negative value.
The lens that can produce a real and inverted image is a converging/convex lens.

In the figure OF1 = OF2 = 6 cm.

30. 31. An object 6 cm in size is placed at 50 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length 30 cm. At
what distance from the lens should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image of the
object? Find the nature and size of the image. Also draw labelled ray diagram to show the image
formation in this case.
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 Ans: Given: f = +30 cm, u = –50 cm, h = 6.0 cm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 53 2 1
By Lens formula,          
f v u v f u 30 50 150 150 75
⇒ v = +75 cm
v h' 75 h '
Now, m      h '  9cm
u h 50 6
Image formed is real, inverted and enlarged.

31. 29. Bile juice does not have any digestive enzyme but still plays a significant role in the process
of digestion. Justify the statement.
Ans: Bile does not contain any enzyme but it is essential for digestion because bile is alkaline
and contain salts which helps to emulsify the fat present in the food. So, the bile perform two
functions:
(i) The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic
enzymes to act.
(ii) The bile salts breakdown the fat present in the food into smaller globules. This increases the
efficiency of enzymes in the small intestine to digest the food effectively.
OR
What are the adaptations of leaf for photosynthesis?
Ans: (i) Leaves provide large surface area for maximum light absorption.
(ii) Leaves are arranged at right angles to the light source in a way that causes overlapping.
(iii) The extensive network of veins enables quick transport of substances to and from the
mesophyll cells.
(iv) Presence of numerous stomata for gaseous exchange.
(v) The chloroplasts are more in number on the upper surface of leaves.

32. 36. (i) What is an electromagnet? List any two uses.

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet is made.
Ans: (i) A current carrying solenoid is called an electromagnet/when soft iron is placed inside a
solenoid carrying current, the soft iron piece behaves like a magnet so long as electric current
passes through it. The magnet so formed is electromagnet.
Uses: In electric motors, electric bells, (or any other).
(ii)

OR
With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the distribution of magnetic field due to a current
through a circular loop. Why is it that if a current carrying coil has n turns the field produced at
any point is n times as large as that produced by a single turn?

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 (ii) Draw a pattern of magnetic field formed around a current carrying solenoid. What happens
to the magnetic field when the current through the solenoid is reversed?
Ans: The pattern of the magnetic field lines near the wires of the coil are concentric circles. The
curvature of these curves goes on increasing as we move away from the wire. At the centre of
the circular loop, the field lines are nearly straight.

The magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire at a given point depends directly on the
current passing through it. Therefore, if there is a circular coil having n turns, the field produced
is n-times as large as that produced by a single turn. This is because the current in each circular
turn has the same direction, and the field due to each turn then just adds up.

33. You have been selected to talk on “ozone layer and its protection” in the school assembly on
‘Environment Day’.
(a) Why should ozone layer be protected to save the environment?
(b) List any two ways that you would stress in your talk to bring in awareness amongst your
fellow friends that would also help in protection of ozone layer as well as the environment.
Ans: (a) Ozone layer is a rich zone of ozone found in upper atmosphere. It helps in shielding the
Earth from the harmful UV radiations coming from the Sun. If ozone layer gets depleted, UV
radiations can directly reach the Earth’s surface and drastically affect the life on Earth. For
instance, UV radiations coming from the Sun causes skin cancer. So, it is very important to
protect the ozone layer so as to save our environment and the planet Earth.
(b) Some of the ways to help protect and stop the depletion of the ozone layer include: Not
buying products in aerosol cans, maintaining air-conditioning filters and units.
In order to halt the depletion of the ozone layer, countries around the world have banned the use
of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances. These compounds produce
chlorine and bromine atoms high in the atmosphere, and these atoms react with ozone,
destroying it.
By reducing the use of fluorescent lights.
By minimising the use of vehicles to limit the emission of harmful gases that cause damage to
the ozone layer, we can contribute to its protection

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. 34. A metal carbonate X on reacting with an acid gives a gas which when passed through a
solution Y gives the carbonate back. On the other hand, a gas G that is obtained at anode during
electrolysis of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound Z, used for disinfecting drinking
water. Identify X, Y, G and Z.
Ans: The gas evolved at anode during electrolysis of brine is chlorine (G).

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 When chlorine gas is passed through dry Ca(OH)2 (Y) produces bleaching powder (Z) used for
disinfecting drinking water.

Since Y and Z are calcium salts, therefore X is also a calcium salt and is calcium carbonate.

OR
An organic compound A on heating with concentrated H2SO4 forms a compound B which on
addition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of Ni forms a compound C. One mole of
compound C on combustion forms two moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. Identify the
compounds A, B and C and write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
Ans: Since compound C gives 2 moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O, it shows that it has the
molecular formula C2H6 (Ethane). C is obtained by the addition of one mole of hydrogen to
compound B so the molecular formula of B should be C2H4 (Ethene). Compound B is obtained
by heating compound A with concentrated H2SO4 which shows it to be an alcohol. So
compound A could be C2H5OH (Ethanol).

35. 36. (i) How will you infer with the help of an experiment that the same current flows through
every part of the circuit containing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series connected to a battery
of V volts?
(ii) Study the following circuit and find out:

(a) Current in 12 W resistor.

(b) Difference in the readings of A1 and A2, if any.
Ans: (i) (a) Three resistors R1, R2, R3 are joined.

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 (b) They are connected with the battery and ammeter and a plug key.
(c) The ammeter reading is noted.
(d) Position of ammeter is changed to different position and readings taken each time.
(e) The reading remain same.
1 1 1 1 1
(ii) (a)     , Rt  Rp  12, Rt  24
Rp R1 R2 R1 R1
1 1 1 2 1
      R p  12
R p 24 24 24 12
Now, V = IRT
⇒ I = 6/24 = 0.25 Ampere
(b) Same readings of A1 and A2
36. 35. Explain Mendel’s experiment with peas on inheritance of characters considering only one
visible contrasting character.
Ans: Mendel conducted breeding experiments with garden peas:
(i) He studied plants (pure) of a tall/short varieties.
(ii) He crossed them and obtained F1 progeny.
(iii) He found that F1 progeny was all tall plants.
(iv) He selfed the (hybrid) plants of F1 progeny.
(v) He found that in F2 progeny there were tall as well as short plants.
(vi) The three quarter plants were tall and one quarter was short .
OR
In the following crosses write the characteristics of the progeny.
Cross Progeny
(i) RR YY × RR YY ___________________________
Round, yellow and round, yellow
(ii) Rr Yy × Rr Yy ___________________________
Round, yellow and round, yellow
(iii) rr yy × rr yy ___________________________
Wrinkled, green and wrinkled, green
(iv) RR YY × rr yy ___________________________
Round, yellow and wrinkled, green
Ans: (i) Round, yellow
(ii) Round, yellow
Round, green
Wrinkled, yellow
Wrinkled, green
(iii) Wrinkled, green
(iv) Round, yellow

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
The ability of carbon atoms to form chains leads to the existence of a series of compounds that
have same functional group (and hence similar chemical properties) and only differ from each
other by the presence of an additional carbon atom and its two associated hydrogen atoms in the
molecule (which causes the physical properties to change in a regular manner). A series of
compounds related in this way is said to form an homologous series.
The point about chemical properties is best illustrated by the sections that follow, on different
homologous series. The changes in physical properties are a result of the changes that occur in
the strength of van der Waals’ forces with increasing molar mass and in some cases a change in
molecular polarity. The simplest illustration of the effect of chain length on physical properties
is the, variation of the boiling point of the alkanes with the number of carbon atoms in the chain,
as illustrated in figure.

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 (i) All the members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties. Why?
(ii) In the graph shown, which has the higher boiling point and why?
Hydrocarbon with 3 carbon atoms or hydrocarbon with 6 carbon atoms
(iii) (a) What is the boiling point of heptane as shown in the graph?
(b) Why the curve is initially steep and flattens at the end?
OR
(iii) (a) Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and the 3rd member of the homologous series
whose first member is methane.
(b) Write the next homologue of each of the following: I. C2H4 II. C4H6
Ans: (i) In a homologous series, functional group which is responsible for the chemical
properties is same.
(ii) Hydrocarbon with 6 carbon atoms has higher boiling point because with the increase in
molar mass, the intermolecular forces become stronger and the boiling point increases.
(iii) (a) Heptane means 7 carbon atoms. Its boiling point as shown in the graph is 100°C.
(b) This is because for small molecules, the addition of an extra carbon has a proportionally
larger effect on the molar mass. As the length of the chain increases, the percentage change in
the molar mass is progressively smaller and so the curve flattens.
OR
(iii) (a) Alkane series
2nd member - Ethane - C2H6
3rd member - Propane - C3H8
(b) I. C3H6 II. C5H8

38. Case Study – 2

38. Sahil performed an experiment to study the inheritance pattern of genes. He crossed tall pea
plants (TT) with short pea plants (tt) and obtained all tall plants in F1 generation.
(i) What will be set of genes present in the F1 generation?
(ii) Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny.
(iii) When F1 plants were self-pollinated, a total of 800 plants were produced. How many of
these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the genotype of F2 generation.
OR
(iii) When F1 plants were cross - pollinated with plants having tt genes, a total of 800 plants
were produced. How many of these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the
genotype of F2 generation.
Ans:

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 (i) Tt
(ii) Traits like ‘T’ are called dominant traits, while those that behave like ‘t’ are called recessive
traits. Alternatively: Law of dominance of traits– In a cross between a pair of contrasting
characters, only one parental character will be expressed in F1 generation which is called
dominant trait and the other is called recessive trait.
For example – in pea plants,

All plants in F1 generation were tall proving that the gene for tallness is dominant over the gene
for dwarfness/short, which is not able to express itself in the presence of dominant trait.
(iii) Out of 800 plants, 600 plants will be tall and 200 plants will be small
The genotype of F2 generation is 1 TT: 2Tt: 1tt
OR
(iii) In the cross between Tt × tt, 400 Tall (Tt) and 400 short (tt) plants will be produced.
The genotype of F2 generation is 1Tt:1tt

39. Case Study – 3

Light spectrum is the many different wavelengths of energy produced by light source. Light is
measured in nanometers (nm). Each nanometer represents a wavelength of light or band of light
energy. Visible light is the part of spectrum from 380 nm to 780 nm.

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 Isaac Newton was the first to use a glass prism to obtain the spectrum of sunlight. He tried to
split the colours of the spectrum of white light further by using another similar prism. He then
placed a second identical prism in an inverted position with respect to the first prism. This
allowed all the colours of the spectrum to pass through second prism. He found a beam of white
light emerging from the other side of the second prism. This observation gave Newton the idea
that the sunlight is made up of seven colours.
(i) (a) What is the range of wavelength of visible light spectrum?
(b) What do you understand by light spectrum?
(ii) Explain the process of refraction when critical angle between an equilateral prism and air is
45 degree, if the incident ray is perpendicular to the refracting surface?
OR
(ii) (a) Why do different rays deviate differently in the prism?
(b) How will you use two identical prisms so that a narrow beam of white light incident on one
prism emerges out of the second prism as white light?
Ans: (i) (a) For visible light spectrum range is 380 nm to 780 nm.
(b) Light spectrum is the different wavelength of energy produced by light source.
(ii) It is refracted by first surface then reflected from second surface, emits out perpendicular
from third surface.
OR
(ii) (a) Different wavelengths deviate differently in the prism because the angle of refraction for
different colours having different wavelengths is different while passing through the glass
prism.
(b) By using two identical prisms, one placed inverted with respect to the other we get a narrow
beam of white light incident on one prism emerges out of the second prism as white light.

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 06 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Beams of light are incident through the holes A and B and emerge out of box through the holes
C and D respectively as shown in figure.

Which of the following could be inside the box?

(a) A rectangular glass slab (b) A convex lens (c) A concave lens (d) A prism
Ans: (a) A rectangular glass slab
At C & D, emergent rays are parallel to the incident ray 30, box must be a rectangular glass
slab.

2. During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas on a humid day, the gas is usually passed
through the guard tube containing calcium chloride. The role of calcium chloride taken in the
guard tube is to:
(a) absorb the evolved gas (b) moisten the gas
(c) absorb moisture from the gas (d) absorb Cl– ions from the evolved gas
Ans: (c) absorb moisture from the gas

3. Generally, metals react with acids to give salt and hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids
does not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals (except Mn and Mg)?
(a) H2 SO4 (b) HCl (c) HNO3 (d) All of these
Ans: (c) HNO3
Nitric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with the metal to form water.

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 Alkaline KMnO 4
4. CH3 — CH2 — OH  Heat
CH3 — COOH
In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO4 acts as
(a) reducing agent (b) oxidising agent (c) catalyst (d) dehydrating agent
Ans: (b) oxidising agent

5. Sodium hydrogencarbonate when added to acetic acid evolves a gas.

Which of the following statements are true about the gas evolved?
(i) It turns lime water milky
(ii) It extinguishes a burning splinter
(iii) It dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide
(iv) It has a pungent odour
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)

Ans: (a) (i) and (ii)

Reaction between Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid leads to the evolution of carbon-
dioxide gas. CO2 turns the lime water milky and extinguish a burning splinter.

6. In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution:

CuSO4 + Fe → Cu + FeSO4
Which option in the given table correctly represents the substance oxidised and the reducing
agent?
OPTION Substance Oxidized Reducing Agent
(a) Fe Fe
(b) Fe FeSO4
(c) Cu Fe
(d) CuSO4 Fe
Ans: (a) Fe and Fe respectively.
Here, in the above reaction, Fe is oxidised to FeSO4 and Fe is responsible for removing oxygen
from FeSO4, therefore, Fe is the reducing agent.

7. Given below is a diagrammatic representation of a process taking place in the human body.

In which of these regions/organs could it be occurring?

(i) lungs (ii) heart (iii) brain
(a) only in (i) (b) only in (ii) (c) only in (i) and (ii) (d) in all - (i), (ii) and (iii)
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 Ans: (d) in all - (i), (ii) and (iii)

8. Choose the correct path of urine in our body

(a) kidney → ureter → urethra → urinary bladder
(b) kidney → urinary bladder → urethra → ureter
(c) kidney → ureters → urinary bladder → urethra
(d) urinary bladder → kidney → ureter → urethra
Ans: (c) kidney → ureters → urinary bladder → urethra
Urine from nephron is brought to the collecting duct of kidneys where the urine enters the
ureters. There are 2 ureters, each opening from one kidney into the urinary bladder. The urinary
bladder stores urine and its size increases as the amount of urine collected increases. When the
CNS gives a voluntary message the muscles of bladder contract and the bladder sphincter
relaxes thus excreting urine out through the urethra.

9. In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to
short plants in F2 is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
Ans: (c) 1 : 1

10. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(b) A convex lens has –4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(c) A concave lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(d) A concave lens has –4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
Ans: (a) A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
Positive value for focal length indicates a convex lens.

11. The image shows the ray diagram of a defected eye.

Which option shows the correction of the defect of the eye?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) None of these

Ans: (c) This is the type of hypermetropic eye defect and it is connected by convex lens.

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12. A conducting wire carries 1021 electrons in 4 minutes. What is the current flowing through the
wire?
(a) 40 A (b) 7 A (c) 4 A (d) 0.7 A
Ans: (d) 0.7 A
q  ne  q  10 21  1.6  1019  1.6  102 C
q 1.6 102
Now, I    0.7 A
t 240

13. An electric toaster has a power rating of 200 W. It operates for 1 hour in the morning and 1 hour
in the evening. How much does it cost to operate the toaster for 10 days at Rs. 5 per kW h?
(a) Rs. 20 (b) Rs. 400 (c) Rs. 5000 (d) Rs. 10000
Ans: (a) Rs. 20
Total energy consumed = Pt = 200 × 2 × 10 = 4000 Wh = 4 kWh
Now, Total cost = 5 × 4 = Rs. 20

14. For a current in a long straight solenoid N and S poles are created at the two ends. Among the
following statement, the incorrect statement is
(a) The field lines inside the solenoids are in the form of straight lines which indicate that the
magnetic field is same at all points in the solenoid.
(b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of
magnetic material, when soft iron is placed inside the coil.
(c) The pattern of magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the pattern of the
magnetic field around a bar magnet.
(d) The N and S poles exchange positions when the direction of current through the solenoid is
reversed.
Ans: (c) The pattern of magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the
pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
Statement ‘c’ is not correct as the pattern of magnetic field lines associated with the solenoid is
same as the pattern of magnetic field lines around a bar magnet.

15. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at the fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what
will be the energy available at the producer level?
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk
(a) 5 k J (b) 50 k J (c) 500 k J (d) 5000 k J
Ans: (d) 5000 k J
Available energy level at a particular trophic level is 10 times the energy level at next tropic
level. Hence, energy at a third level trophic level is 50kj. Second level trophic has 500 KJ
energy and 1st level trophic level (Producer) has energy of 5000 KJ.

16. The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of
photosynthesis is about
(a) 1 % (b) 5 % (c) 8 % (d) 10 %
Ans: (a) 1 %
Green plants utilize 1% of the radiation absorbed by leaf and use it for photosynthesis.

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

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17. Assertion (A): Myopia is the defect of the eye in which only nearer objects are seen by the eye.
Reason (R): The eye ball is elongated.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

18. Assertion (A): In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice the volume of
oxygen formed.
Reason (R): Water (H2O) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1 : 2 by volume.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.

19. Assertion(A): If one bacterium divides then two resultant bacteria divide again to generate four
individual bacteria which will be highly identical.
Reason(R): It is due to asexual reproduction.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

20. Assertion (A): The mirrors used in search lights are concave spherical.
Reason (R): In concave spherical mirror the image formed is always virtual.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Concave mirrors can produce both real and virtual images.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?

(i) Evaporation of petrol
(ii) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(iii) Heating of an iron rod to red hot
(iv) Curdling of milk
(v) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride
Ans: (i) Physical change (ii) Chemical change (iii) Physical change
(iv) Chemical change (v) Physical change

22. An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electrical circuit of 220 V that
has a current rating of 5 A. What result do you expect? Explain.
Ans: Given: Power of oven, P = 2 kW = 2000 W
Voltage used, V = 220 V
Current in circuit, I = P/V = 2000/220 A = 9.1 A
This is greater than 5 A which is current rating of oven. This implies that oven will be damaged
or if there is fuse in series circuit of oven, the fuse will blow.
OR
Two lamps, one rated 100 W; 220 V, and the other 60 W; 220 V, are connected in parallel to
electric mains supply. Find the current drawn by two bulbs from the line, if the supply voltage is
220 V.
Ans: Current in first bulb, I1 = P1/V = 100 W/220V = 5/11 = 0.45A
Current in the second bulb, I2 = P2/V = 60 W/220V = 3/11 = 0.27A

23. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?

Ans: Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase which digests the starch (complex
molecule) present in food into sugar (maltose).

24. What is translocation? Why is it essential for plants?

Ans: The transport of food from the leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation.
Leaves of the plants perform photosynthesis and produce carbohydrates (sugar) in the form of
food which are translocated to the other parts of the plant through phloem. This allow plants to
have access to raw materials needed during photosynthesis by leaves.

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25. Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in pea plant and mention which is
dominant and recessive.
(i) yellow seed (ii) round seed
Ans: (i) yellow — dominant
green — recessive
(ii) round — dominant
wrinkled — recessive

26. (i) Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane, C3H8.
(ii) Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why?
Ans: (i) There are ten covalent bonds:

(ii) Carbon exhibits the property of catenation due to strong C—C bond.
OR
Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is
exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements.
Give reasons.
Ans: Carbon exhibits catenation much more than silicon or any other element due to its smaller
size which makes the C—C bonds strong while the Si—Si bonds are comparatively weaker due
to its large size.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article when
rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(i) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.
(ii) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.
Ans: (i) Metals such as silver when attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids,
gases, etc, are said to corrode and this phenomenon is called corrosion.
(ii) The black substance is formed because silver (Ag) reacts with H2S present in air. It forms
thin black coating of silver sulphide (Ag2S).
2Ag(s) + H2S(g) → Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
Black

28. Size of image of an object formed by a mirror having a focal length of 20 cm, is observed to be
reduced to 1/3rd of its size. At what distance the object has been placed from the mirror? What
is the nature of the image and the mirror?
Ans: An image smaller in size can be formed both by a concave mirror as well as a convex
mirror.
Case I: When mirror is concave, the image is real.
1
Here, m   , f  20cm
3
v 1 u
Now, m      v 
u 3 3
1 1 1 1 3 1 4 1
Using,         u  80cm
f v u 20 u u u 20
u 80
 v    cm
3 3
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 ∴ Image is real and inverted.
Case II: When mirror is convex, the image is virtual
1
Here, m  , f  20cm
3
v 1 u
Now, m     v 
u 3 3
1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1
Using,         u  40cm
f v u 20 u u u 20
u 40
v  cm
3 3
∴ Image is virtual and erect.

29. In an industrial process used for the manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas ‘A’ is formed as a
by-product. The gas ‘A’ reacts with lime water to give a compound ‘B’ which is used as a
bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’. Also give the chemical equations
of the reactions involved.
Ans: A — Cl2 (Chlorine gas)
B — CaOCl2 (Calcium oxychloride)
2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaOCl2 + H2O
OR
A metal A, which is used in thermite process, when heated with oxygen gives an oxide B, which
is amphoteric in nature. Identify A and B. Write down the reactions of oxide B with HCl and
NaOH.
Ans: A is aluminium (Al). It reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide, Al2O3.
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
So, B is Al2O3.
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O

30. What are reflex actions? Give two examples. Explain a reflex arc.
Ans: The sudden involuntary movement in a voluntary organ; in response to a stimulus; is
called reflex action.
Examples of reflex action:
(a) Moving your hand away from a hot iron plate
(b) Blinking of eyes
Reflex Arc: Reflex arc is a path of electrical impulse during a reflex action. It is composed of
sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron and muscle.
Steps of reflex arc
 The sensory neuron picks signals from the stimulus and carries the signals to the spinal cord.
 Spinal cord process the signals and sends a message through the motor neuron.
 Motor neuron transmits the signals to the effector muscle so that the muscle can take
immediate action.

31. Read the following information:

I. Resistivity of copper is lower than that of aluminium which in turn is lower than that of
constantan.
II. Six wires labelled as A, B, C, D, E, F have been designed as per the following parameters:
Wire Length Diameter Material Resistance
A l 2d Aluminium R1
B 2l d/2 Constantan R2
C 3l d/2 Constantan R3
D l/2 3d Copper R4
E 2l 2d Aluminium R5
F l/2 4d Copper R6
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 Answer the following questions using the above data:
(i) Which of the wires has maximum resistance and why?
(ii) Which of the wires has minimum resistance and why?
(iii) Arrange R1, R3 and R5 in ascending order of their values. Justify your answer.
Ans: (i) Wire C has maximum resistance because it has maximum length, least thickness and
highest resistivity.
(ii) Wire F has the minimum resistance since it has least length, maximum thickness and least
resistivity. (Using R = ρl/A)
(iii) R3 > R5 > R1 (Using relation R = ρl/A and comparing)

32. The flow of energy between various components of the environment has been extensively
studied. Give an outline of the findings.
Ans: (i) Flow of energy is unidirectional.
(ii) Terrestrial plants take about 1% of the Sun’s energy and change it to chemical energy.
(iii) A great deal of energy is lost as heat/in digestion/in doing work/in growth and reproduction.
(iv) Only 10% of organic matter is present at each trophic level (and available to next trophic
level).
(v) Food chains are mainly of 3-4 trophic levels (because of 10% law) .
(vi) The number of producers are maximum (the number reduces in subsequent trophic levels).
(vii) Food webs are more common (as compared to isolated food chains).
(viii) Biological magnification can be observed.

33. (i) Why are budding, fragmentation and regeneration all considered as asexual types of
reproduction?
(ii) With neat diagrams explain the process of regeneration in Planaria.
Ans: (i) Because these methods involve only one parent / organisms are formed as a result of
mitotic division / progeny (organisms) are similar in their genetic makeup and no variations.
(ii) Planaria can be cut into any number of pieces and each piece grows through specialized cells
into a complete organism.

OR
Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of living beings. Give three reasons in
support of the statement.
Ans: Reproduction is an energy-consuming process which is not essential for the survival of an
individual. But it is highly essential for all living beings because of the following reasons :
(i) Reproduction helps in increasing the number of members of a population.
(ii) By replacing the dead members with the new ones, it minimizes the risk of extinction of a
species.
(iii) It brings about variations in species, thus, leading to their evolution.

SECTION – D
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 Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons? Write the general formula for homologous
series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and also draw the structure of the first member of each
series. Write the name of the reaction that converts alkenes into alkanes and also write a
chemical equation to show the necessary conditions for the reaction to occur.
Ans: Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Oxides, carbonates,
hydrogen carbonates of carbon are not called hydrocarbons as they are inorganic compounds.

Addition Reaction converts alkenes (unsaturated) to alkanes (saturated)

Reactions occur at high temperature and in presence of catalysts such as nickel or pallodium.

35. Define pollination. Explain the different types of pollination. List two agents of pollination.
How does suitable pollination lead to fertilization?
Ans: Pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen from anther or stamen to stigma of the
flower.
Types of pollination:
(i) Self pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther or stamen to stigma occurs in the same
flower or to the flower of same plant.
(ii) Cross pollination: Pollen is transferred from anther or stamen of one flower to stigma of
another flower of another plant of same species.
Agents of pollination: Wind, water, insects and animals. (Any two)
After pollination, a tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the
female germ cell in the ovary, which results in fertilization.
OR
(i) Write the reaction that occurs when glucose breaks down anaerobically in yeast.
(ii) Write the mechanism by which fishes breathe in water.
(iii) Name the balloon like structures present in lungs. List its two functions.
(iv) Name the respiratory pigment and write its role in human beings.
In cytoplasm In absence of oxygen
Ans: (i) Glucose  Pyruvate   Ethanol + CO2 Energy
(ii) Fishes take in water through the mouth and force it past the gills where the dissolved oxygen
is taken up by the blood.
(iii) The balloon like structures are called alveoli. Their functions are:
(a) They contain an extensive network of blood vessels which exchange gases.
(b) They increase surface area of absorption of gases.
(iv) Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment. Due to its high affinity for oxygen, it helps in its
transport from alveoli to the tissues.

36. Draw the pattern of the field lines of the magnetic field around a current carrying straight
conductor passing through and held perpendicular to a horizontal cardboard. State right-hand
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 thumb rule and explain how this rule is useful to determine the direction of the magnetic field in
the above case, if the direction of current in the conductor is vertically downwards.
Ans:

Maxwell Right Hand Thumb Rule: It states that suppose you are holding a current carrying
conductor in your right hand in such a way that your thumb points in the direction of the
current. Then the way or direction in which your fingers will encircle will give the direction of
magnetic field lines.
As in this case, the current flows downwards, so the magnetic field lines go clockwise.

OR
With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the distribution of magnetic field due to a current
through a circular loop. Why is it that if a current carrying coil has n turns the field produced at
any point is n times as large as that produced by a single turn?
Ans: The pattern of the magnetic field lines near the wires of the coil are concentric circles. The
curvature of these curves goes on increasing as we move away from the wire. At the centre of
the circular loop, the field lines are nearly straight.

The magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire at a given point depends directly on the
current passing through it. Therefore, if there is a circular coil having n turns, the field produced
is n-times as large as that produced by a single turn. This is because the current in each circular
turn has the same direction, and the field due to each turn then just adds up.

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
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 For an internal combustion engine to move a vehicle down the road, it must convert the energy
stored in the fuel into mechanical energy to drive the wheels. In your car, the distributor and
battery provide this starting energy by creating an electrical “spark”, which helps in combustion
of fuels like gasoline. Below is the reaction depicting complete combustion of gasoline in full
supply of air:
2C8H18 (l) + 25 O2 (g) → 16 X + 18 Y
(i) Identify the types of chemical reaction occurring during the combustion of fuels? Name the
product ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
(ii) ‘Although nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, it does not take part in
combustion’. Justify the statement.
(iii) ‘A student while walking on the road observed that a cloud of black smoke belched out
from the exhaust stack of moving trucks on the road.’ Give reason.
OR
(iii) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reaction and identify the type of
reaction.
Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat and
light.
Ans: (i) Oxidation & Exothermic reaction.
(ii) This is because nitrogen is an inert gas.
(iii) This is because limited supply of air leads to incomplete combustion of fuel.
OR
(iii) C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + Heat + Light
Redox reaction/Combustion reaction

38. Case Study – 2

Humans use sexual mode of reproduction. But the actual transfer of germ cells between two
people needs special organs for the sexual act. In mammals such as humans, the baby is carried
in the mother’s body for a long period and is breastfed later on. The female reproductive organs
and breasts will need to mature to accommodate these possibilities. Hence some specialised
systems are involved in the process of sexual reproduction. The given graph shows the
hormonal changes during a normal menstrual cycle.

(i) What would be a likely consequence if the hormone represented by graph Q is lacking in an
adult female?
(ii) What is funeral of unfertilised egg?
(iii) After the beginning of menstrual cycle, at which day progesterone reaches its peak? Give
reason.
OR
(iii) (a) Name two simple organisms having the ability of regeneration.
(b) What is the role of the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?
Ans: (i) The uterine lining might not be sufficiently stable for implantation of fertilised ovum.

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 (ii) Menstruation is also called funeral of egg since it is not fertilised.
(iii) According to the given chart of hormone regulation in the menstrual cycle, the progesterone
level peaks at the 22nd day.
OR
(iii) (a) Planaria/Hydra/Earthworm.
(b) Seminal vesicles are a pair of thin-walled muscular elongated sacs which secrete fluid for
nourishment of sperms.
Prostate glands also produce fluid which is released in the urethra along with secretion of
seminal vesicle and helps in sperm mobility. The secretion of these accessory glands together
with sperm is called semen. It affects the vaginal pH so that sperms move smoothly inside the
vagina.

39. Case Study - 3

The image formed by a convex lens depends on the position of the object in front of the lens.
When the object is placed anywhere between focus and infinity, the image formed by convex
lens is real and inverted. The image is not obtained on the screen when the object is placed
between focus and the lens.
The distance between the optical centre O of the convex lens and the focus point F1 or F2 is its
focal length.
When the object shifts from –∞ to F1, the image moves from F2 to +∞.

When the object shifts from F1 to O, the image moves from –∞ to O.

A student did an experiment with a convex lens. He put an object at different distances from the
lens. In each case he measured the distance of the image from the lens. The results were
recorded in the following table.
Object distance (in cm) 25 30 40 60 120
Image distance (in cm) 100 24 60 30 40
Unfortunately, his results are written in the wrong order.
(i) Arrange the image distance in the correct order (in cm).
(ii) Which of the object distances gives the biggest image? Give reason.
(iii) Find the focal length of this lens.
OR
(iii) What is the minimum distance between an object and its real image formed by a convex
lens? Where should an object be placed to get a virtual image by convex lens?
Ans: (i) 100 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, 30 cm, 24 cm
When object come closer to the lens up to F then image will be formed away from the lens and
vice-versa.
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 (ii) 25 cm. When an object is placed between F and 2F of a convex lens, we get a real, inverted
and magnified image.
(iii) When the object distance equals the image distance, they are at twice the focal length from
the lens.
When 2F = 60 cm ⇒ F = 30 cm
When an object is placed at focus (F = 30 cm) of a convex lens, the image formed is at infinity.
But infinity is not any observation in the given table.
Hence, F = 30 cm is not possible.
Now, when 2F = 40 cm
∴ F = 20 cm
OR
(iii) When object is at 2F1 then image is formed at 2F2 then minimum distance between object
and real image is 2f1 + 2f2 = 4f (∵ f1 = f2).
When object is placed between F and O image formed is virtual, erect and magnified.

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 07 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Pentane has the molecular formula C5 H12. It has
(a) 5 covalent bonds (b) 12 covalent bonds
(c) 16 covalent bonds (d) 17 covalent bonds
Ans: (c) 16 covalent bonds

2. A scientist is attempting to represent an ionic bond between calcium and chlorine. The figure
below shows the progress he has made so far.

What should be the next step in his representation of the ionic bond?
(a) Transfer an electron from the calcium atom to the chlorine atom.
(b) Transfer an electron from the chlorine atom to the calcium atom.
(c) Add another chlorine atom to accept an electron from the calcium atom.
(d) Add another calcium atom to donate an electron to the chlorine atom.
Ans: (c) Add another chlorine atom to accept an electron from the calcium atom.

3. The composition of aqua regia is:

(a) Dil. HCl : Conc. HNO3 = 3 : 1 (b) Conc. HCl : Dil. HNO3 = 3 : 1
(c) Conc. HCl : Conc. HNO3 = 3 : 1 (d) Dil. HCl : Dil. HNO3 = 3 : 1
Ans: (c)
Aqua regia or nitro-hydrochloric acid is a highly corrosive mixture of acids, a fuming yellow or
red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloric
acid, optimally in a volume ratio of 1 : 3. Aqua regia is highly corrosive that it can dissolve
metals, such as gold and platinum.
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4. Which among the following statement(s) is (are) true?
Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to:
(i) The formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
(ii) Sublimation of silver chloride.
(iii) Decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
(iv) Oxidation of silver chloride.
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iv) only
Ans: (a) (i) only (b)
In the presence of sunlight, the heavy amount of energy of light decomposes AgCl to silver
(Ag+) and chloride (Cl−) ions. The silver flakes are truly black which when fully spread over
white silver chloride looks grey.

5. A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle. The clear supernatant solution turns
the pH paper yellowish-orange. Which of the following would change the colour of this pH
paper to greenish-blue?
(a) Lemon juice (b) Vinegar (c) Common salt (d) An antacid
Ans: (d) An antacid
Sample solution turn pH paper yellowish-orange which confirms the acidic nature of the
sample. To make the colour to greenish-blue, we have to add an antacid.

6. Which of the following reactions is a neutralisation reaction?

(a) 4Na + Cl2 → 2Na2O (b) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
(c) MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2 (d) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO2 + H2O
Ans: (d) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO2 + H2O

7. Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following

(i) Propane(ii) Propene (iii) Propyne (iv) Chloropropane
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
Ans: (d) (ii) and (iii)
Propene has double bond and Propyne is having a triple bond. Hence they are unsaturated
compounds.

8. The figure given below shows a schematic plan of blood circulation in humans with labels (i) to
(iv). Identify the correct label with its functions?

(a) (i) Pulmonary vein - takes impure blood from body part.
(b) (ii) Pulmonary artery - takes blood from lung to heart.
(c) (iii) Aorta - takes blood from heart to body parts.
(d) (iv) Vena cava - takes deoxygenated blood from body parts to right auricle.
Ans: (d) (iv) Vena cava - takes deoxygenated blood from body parts to right auricle.
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9. Which among the following statements are true for sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
(i) It requires two types of gametes.
(ii) Fertilisation is a compulsory event.
(iii) It always results in formation of zygote.
(iv) Offspring formed are clones.
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
Ans: (c) (i), (ii) and (iii)

10. In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs at/in:

(a) cell body (b) axonal end (c) dendritic end (d) axon
Ans: (b) axonal end

11. Length of pollen tube depends on the distance between:

(a) pollen grain and upper surface of stigma
(b) pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule
(c) pollen grain in anther and upper surface of stigma
(d) upper surface of stigma and lower part of style
Ans: (b) pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule

12. A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a
(a) Boy (b) Girl
(c) X-chromosome does not determine the sex of a child (d) either boy or girl
Ans: (b) Girl

13. In an electrical circuit, three incandescent bulbs A, B, and C of rating 40 W, 100 W, and 60 W,
respectively are connected in parallel to an electric source. Which of the following is likely to
happen regarding their brightness?
(a) Brightness of all the bulbs will be the same.
(b) Brightness of bulb A will be the maximum.
(c) Brightness of bulb B will be more than that of A and C.
(d) Brightness of bulb C will be less than that of B.
Ans: (c) Brightness of bulb B will be more than that of A and C.

14. A student learns that magnetic field strength around a bar magnet is different at every point.
Which diagram shows the correct magnetic field lines around a bar magnet?
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Ans: (c)

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 Two magnetic field lines never interest each other. Outside the magnet, the magnetic field lines
are directed from North pole of the magnet towards the South pole. The magnetic field lines at
any one point give the direction of magnetic field at that point

15. If the field lines in a magnetic field are parallel and equidistant, the magnetic field is
(a) Uniform (b) Non uniform (c) Zero (d) None of these
Ans: (a) Uniform

16. The angle of incidence from air to glass at the point O on the hemispherical glass slab is

(a) 45° (b) 0° (c) 90° (d) 180°

Ans: (b) 0°
As there is no bending of light ray when it goes from air to glass, that means, light ray is falling
normally to the surface, so angle of incidence will be 0°.

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A) : Cyton region of nerve fibre collects information for the brain.
Reason (R) : Nerve fibres can either have or lack myelin sheath.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.
Cyton region of nerve fibre regulates neuron’s metabolism.

18. Assertion (A): The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not heated appreciably.
Reason (R): Resistance of connecting wires is very small and H<< R.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
We know that heat produced, H = I2Rt.
As the resistance of connecting wires is very small, so connecting wires do not get heated up
appreciably.

19. Assertion (A): Electrolysis of concentrated solution of sodium chloride is known as chlor-alkali
solution.
Reason (R): The products formed are hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

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 When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it
decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called the chlor–alkaline process because
of the products formed–chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.

20. Assertion (A): At puberty, in boys, voice begins to crack and thick hair grows on face.
Reason (R): At puberty, there is decreased secretion of testosterone in boys.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Puberty in boys is regulated by male sex hormone called testosterone, which are secreted by
testes. In puberty, secondary sexual characters like growth of hair on face, chest, broadening of
shoulders and deepening of voice occurs.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. The electric power consumed by a device may be calculated by the using either of the two
V2
expressions P = I2R or P  . The first expression indicates that it is directly proportional to
R
R whereas the second expression indicates inverse proportionality. How can the seemingly
different dependence of P on R in these expressions be explained.
Ans: Both the expressions are correct. In the first case where P = I²R current (I) remains
V2
constant. Whereas in the second expression where P  the Voltage (V) remains constant.
R
Therefore P = I²R is used where the resistors are connected in series because in the series
connection the current in each resistance is constant.
V2
P is used where the resistors are connected in parallel because in the parallel connection
R
the voltage in each resistance is constant. So power becomes inversely proportional to
resistance.
OR
Consider the scale of a voltmeter shown in the diagram and answer the following questions:

(i) What is the least count of the voltmeter?

(ii) What is the reading shown by the voltmeter?
(iii) If this voltmeter is connected across a resistor of 20 W, how much current is flowing
through the resistor?
Ans: (i) 0.15 V is the least count
(ii) The reading shown is 1.8 V.
(iii) R= 20 Ω, V= 1.8 V
V 1.8
I   0.09 A
R 20

22. What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrow’s in the given chemical reactions?

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 (a)

(b)
Ans: (a) Ni acts as a catalyst.
(b) Concentrated H2SO4 acts as a catalyst.
OR
The molecular formula of an organic compound X is C2H4O2 which has vinegar - like smell.
(a) Identify the compound.
(b) Write its chemical formula and name.
Ans: (a) The organic compound X is acetic acid.
(b) Chemical formula: CH3COOH
IUPAC name: Ethanoic acid

23. Draw a well labelled diagram of stomata. List two functions of stomata.
Ans:

Functions of stomata are:

(i) Help in the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen from the leaves of the plants.
(ii) Help in the transport of water, minerals and food materials in plants by transpiration.
(iii) Transpiration occurring through stomata on leaves helps in cooling of leaf surface.

24. Why is KOH solution kept in the test-tube inside the airtight conical flask while doing the
experiment of respiration of seeds?
Ans: KOH is a chemical that is used to absorb carbon dioxide.
During respiration, the germinating seeds release Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Germination is a
process where the growth of the seeds begins. The KOH solution kept in the test tube inside the
airtight conical flask absorbs the released Carbon Dioxide by the seeds. This creates space in the
conical flask and an equal volume of the water rises in the tube. Hence this shows seeds are
respiring and CO2 gas is evolved in the process of respiration.

25. While teaching the chapter "Our Environment", the teacher stressed upon the harmful effects of
burning of fossil fuels, plastic paper, etc. The students noticed the extensive use of plastic and
polythene in daily life, which can be avoided and the surroundings can be kept clean. They
decided to make their school "Plastic and Polythene" free and motivated each other for its
minimum use.
(a) Why should the use of polythene and plastic be reduced in daily life?
(b) In what way the students would have avoided the use of plastic and polythene in their
school?
Ans: (a) Because they are non-biodegradable.
(b) (i) Carrying tiffin and water in steel containers.
(ii) Encourage the use of ink pens (ball pens are made up plastic) / or any other.
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26. List two differences in tabular form between dominant trait and recessive trait. What
percentage/proportion of the plants in the F2 generation/progeny were round, in Mendel’s cross
between round and wrinkled pea plants?
Ans:
Dominant trait Recessive trait
1. The trait which appears in the F1 1. The trait which remains hidden or which does not
progeny is dominant. appear in the F1 progeny is the recessive trait.
2. It appears in more numbers. 2. It appears in less number.
75% of the plants were with round seeds.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. What are covalent compounds? How are they different from ionic compounds? List any two
properties of covalent compounds.
Ans: The compounds that are formed due to sharing of electrons between two atoms
/compounds having covalent bonds.
Ionic compounds are formed due to transfer of electrons from one atom to another /compounds
having ionic bonds/compounds having attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Properties of covalent compounds:
(i) They are poor conductors of electricity.
(ii) They have low melting and boiling point.

28. Name the hormone which regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in our body.
Which gland secretes this hormone? Why is it important for us to have iodised salt in our diet?
Ans: (i) The hormone which regulates carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism in our body is
thyroxine.
(ii) Thyroxine hormone is secreted by thyroid gland.
(iii) Iodised salt in diet is important because it contains iodine, which is essential for the
synthesis of thyroxine hormone by the thyroid gland. In case of iodine deficiency in our diet,
there would be less production of thyroxine hormone, which may result into a disease called
goitre.
OR
Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of living beings. Give three reasons in
support of the statement.
Ans: Reproduction is an important characteristic of living beings because:
(i) It promotes continuity of life.
(ii) It promotes stability of species.
(iii) It includes creation of variations that are the basis of evolution.

29. If the image formed by a lens for all positions of an object placed in front of it is always erect
and diminished, what is the nature of this lens ? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. If
the numerical value of the power of this lens is 10D, what is its focal length in the Cartesian
system?
Ans: If image formed by a lens is always erect and diminished for all values of ‘u’, therefore,
the lens is concave lens (diverging lens).

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 We know that power of a concave lens is negative.
P = –10b
1 1 1
P  f   = –0.1m or –10 cm
f P 10

30. (a) For the preparation of cakes, baking powder is used. If at home, your mother uses baking
soda instead of baking powder, how will it affect the taste of the cake and why?
(b) How is baking soda be converted into baking powder?
(c) What makes the cake soft and spongy?
Ans: (a) The cake will have a bitter taste because of the formation of Na2CO3 / sodium
carbonate while baking / heating.
(b) By adding tartaric acid.
(c) The liberated CO2 gas.
OR
(i) Which of the following reactions is/are an endothermic reaction(s) where decomposition also
happens?
(a) Respiration (b) Heating of lead nitrate
(c) Decomposition of organic matter (d) Electrolysis of acidified water
(ii) Silver chloride when kept in the open turns grey. Illustrate this with a balanced chemical
equation.
Ans: (i) Heating of lead nitrate and electrolysis of acidified water.
(ii) The white silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. This is because silver chloride decomposes
to form silver and chlorine gas.
Sunlight
2 AgCl (s )  2 Ag ( s )  Cl2 ( g )

31. Refractive index of water with respect to air is 1.33 and that of diamond is 2.42.
(a) In which medium does the light move faster, water or diamond?
(b) What is the refractive index of diamond with respect to water?
Ans: (a) Refractive index = speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in medium.
Since the refractive index of diamond is more, hence the speed of light is lesser in diamond.
(b) Let speed of light in water vw and in diamond be vd.
Refractive index of diamond w.r.t. water is say n = Speed of light in water/speed of light in
diamond.
n = vw /vd
v
Dividing both numerator and denominator by speed of light (c) we get n  w/ c
vd / c
∴ n = 2.42/1.33 = 1.82 (approx.)

32. (a) From the following groups of organisms, create a food chain which is the most advantageous
for Human being in terms of energy.

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 (b) State the possible disadvantage if the cereal plant is growing in a soil rich in pesticides.
(c) Construct a food web using the organisms mentioned above.
Ans: (a) Short food chains are more efficient in terms of energy. The shorter the food chain is,
more is the available amount of energy. Hence, the food chain which is the most advantageous
for Human being in terms of energy is:
Cereal Plant → Human being
(b) Harmful for human consumption as the traces of pesticide will be carried by food.
(c)

33. The figure below shows three cylindrical copper conductors along with their face areas and
lengths. Compare the resistance and the resistivity of the three conductors. Justify your answer.

L
Ans: Resistance of a material, R  , where ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the
A
length of the material and A is the area of cross-section of material.
 L L L
Now, Ra : Rb : Rc  a a : b b : c c ; where a, b, c denotes physical quantity for respective
Aa Ab Ac
conductor.
L
( )
 L  (3 L)
 Ra : Rb : Rc  : : 3
A A 3A
( )
3
 L 9 L  L 1
 Ra : Rb : Rc  : :  Ra : Rb : Rc  1: 9 :  Rb  Ra  Rc
A A 9A 9
Resistivity depends only on the material of the conductor.
Here material (Cu) is same for all three conductors, so  a   b   c

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.

Ans: Amoeba shows holozoic nutrition which is comprised of Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption,
Assimilation and Egestion.
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 Ingestion:
Ameoba traps food particles through fingerlike projections called pseudopodia. Pseudopodia
present outside its body and helps in taking food along with water
Digestion:
Food vacuoles are made after ingesting the food. Enzymes are released in the food vacuole for
digestion.
Absorption:
After digestion, nutrients enter the cytoplasm through osmosis.
Assimilation:
Nutrients are utilized by the cell for various purposes.
Egestion:
Food vacuole goes near the cell membrane to empty its contents outside the cell. This results in
the expulsion of waste materials from the cell.
OR
Give reasons:
(a) Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria.
(b) Transport system in plants is slow.
(c) Circulation of blood in aquatic vertebrates differs from that in terrestrial vertebrates.
(d) During the daytime, water and minerals travel faster through xylem as compared to the
night.
(e) Veins have valves whereas arteries do not.
Ans. (a) Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria because they have to pump blood into
various organs.
(b) Transport system in plants is slow because:
(i) Plants have low energy needs as
(ii) Plant bodies have a large proportion of dead cells in many tissue.
(iii) Plants do not move
(c) Aquatic vertebrates like fish have a two chambered heart (which consists of one atrium and
one ventricle). The heart pumps deoxygenated to the gills and it gets oxygenated in the gills.
The oxygenated blood from the gills is supplied to the body parts. Thus, blood goes only once
through the heart in the fish during one cycle of passage through the body. But in terrestrial
organisms, heart may be 3 or 4 chambered, blood gets oxygenated in the lungs and most of them
have double circulation.
(d) During the daytime, water and minerals travel faster through xylem as compared to the
night. The water column in the xylem tracheids and vessels moves upwards due to pull
generated by transpiration. (loss of water in the form of vapours from living tissues of aerial
parts of plants.) The water is lost from the tiny pores called stomata present on the surface of
leaves of plant. Stomata are open during day time, so transpiration process is faster and water
along with mineral moves faster through xylem during day time as compared to night time.
(e) Veins have valves that ensure that the blood flows only in one direction. Values allow the
blood to flow only towards the heart and prevent backflow but arteries do not have values.

35. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
(i) What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object. Draw ray diagram to show the formation
of image in this case.
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror?
Draw ray diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray
diagrams.
Ans: (i) The object has to be placed between 0 to –12 cm in front of the concave mirror between
F and P.
(ii) The image will be larger than the object.

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 (iii) The image will be behind the mirror

If the object is placed at C the image is also obtained at C of the same size.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2  1 1
          v  24cm, u  24cm
v u f v f u 12 24 24 24
OR
(i) Amit claims to have obtained an image twice the size of object with a concave lens. Is he
correct? Give reason for your answer.
(ii) Where should an object be placed in case of a convex lens to form an image of same size as
of the object? Show with the help of ray diagram the position and the nature of the image
formed.
(iii) With the help of ray diagram, illustrate the change in position, nature and size of the image
formed if the convex lens in case of (ii) is replaced by concave lens of same focal length.
Ans: (i) No, Amit is incorrect because magnified image of an object cannot be formed by a
concave lens ever.
(ii) The object should be placed at 2F1.
Image obtained is real, inverted and of same size as that of object.

(iii) Image obtained is virtual, erect and diminished in case of concave lens.

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36. (a) Define corrosion.
(b) What is corrosion of iron called?
(c) How will you recognise the corrosion of silver?
(d) Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem?
(e) How can we prevent corrosion of iron?
Ans: (a) Corrosion is a process in which metals are deteriorated by action of air, moisture,
chemicals, etc.
(b) Corrosion of iron is called rusting.
(c) Silver turns black as it reacts with H2S present in air and form a layer of Ag2S.
(d) Corrosion of iron is a serious problem because it leads to wastage of tonnes of iron every
year and lot of money is spent to repair or replace it.
(e) The iron articles should be painted to prevent it from corrosion.

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study - 1
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying
conductor in a magnetic field. He took a small aluminium rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet,
some connecting wires, a battery and a switch and connected them as shown. He observed that
on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the direction of
displacement also gets reversed.

On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon, answer the following questions:
(i) Why does the rod get displaced on passing current through it?
(ii) State the rule that determines the direction of the force on conductor AB.
(iii) (a) In the above experimented set up, when current is passed through the rod, it gets
displaced towards the left. What will happen to the displacement if the polarity of the magnet
and the direction of current both are reversed?
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 (b) Name any two devices that use current carrying conductors and magnetic field.
OR
(iii) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a current carrying straight
conductor held vertically on a horizontal cardboard. Indicate the direction of the field lines as
well as the direction of current flowing through the conductor.
Ans: i) Rod gets displaced on passing current through it as force is exerted on the current
carrying conductor when it is placed in a magnetic field.
(ii) Fleming’s left-hand rule: Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand
such that they are mutually perpendicular to one another. If the forefinger points in the direction
of magnetic field and the middle finger in the direction of current, then the thumb will point in
the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.
(iii) (a) Direction of displacement would remain unchanged if the polarity of the magnet and the
direction of current both are reversed.
(b) Electric motor, loudspeaker, microphone.
(iii)

38. Case Study – 2

The given diagram represents the human endocrine system. Study the diagram and answer any
four questions from Q. 1 to Q. 5.

(a) Identify the endocrine glands A, B, C, D, E and F in the given diagram.

(b) Which gland secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones?
(c) What is the effect of chemical produced by gland F?
OR
(c) Name the endocrine glands which is unpaired? Explain
Ans: (a) In the given diagram, A — Pituitary B — Thyroid C — Adrenal D — Pancreas E —
Ovary F — Testis
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 (b) Gland D is pancreas. It secretes both digestive enzymes as well as hormones.
(c) Gland F is Testis. It secretes testosterone which controls sperm production/ secondary sexual
character.
OR
(c) There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney that make adrenaline hormone.
Testes are paired glands presents in males, secretes male sex hormone. Pituitary gland is present
just below the brain and is unpaired. It is also called master gland as it secretes a number of
hormones. Ovaries are paired glands present in females that secrete female sex hormones. 2

39. Case Study – 3

The pH of a solution is a measure of its hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. It is measured
generally using pH scale. The values on pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
A pH of 1 is very acidic and corresponds to a high concentration of H+ ions. A pH of 14 is very
basic and corresponds to a low concentration of H+ ions. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. The
table given below shows the pH and H+ ion concentration of some common aqueous solutions.
The leftmost column shows the number of moles of H+ ions in 1 mole of liquid.
The pH and Hydrogen ion (H+) Concentration of Some Solutions
H+ Concentration
pH Solution
(moles)
10–1 1
10–2 2 Gastric (stomach) juice, cola, lemon juice
–3
10 3 Vinegar
–4
10 4 Tomato juice
10–5 5 Black coffee, rain water
–6
10 6 Urine
10–7 7 Pure water
–8
10 8 Sea water
10–9 9 Baking soda
–10
10 10
–11
10 11 Milk of magnesia
10–12 12 Household bleach
–13
10 13 Oven cleaner
10–14 14
(i) How is the hydrogen ion concentration and pH related to each other?
(ii) On the basis of above table, arrange the following in the decreasing order of H+
concentration.
Pure water, tomato juice, milk of magnesia, sea water
(iii) A solution of pH 2 is filled in two separate beakers. A few drops of methyl orange and
phenolphthalein are added into separate solutions. How will the colour of the indicators change?
OR
(iii) Two solutions X and Y have pH values of 3.0 and 9.5 respectively. Which of these will turn
litmus solution from blue to red and which will turn phenolphthalein from colourless to pink?
Ans: (i) pH is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration.
(ii) The decreasing order of H+ concentration is Tomato juice > Pure water > Sea water > Milk
of magnesia
(iii) The solution of pH 2 is acidic in nature. So, the colour change is Methyl orange: red;
phenolphthalein: colourless
OR
(iii) X will turn blue litmus to red because it is acidic in nature having pH value less than 7. Y
will turn phenolphthalein from colourless to pink because it is basic in nature having pH value
greater than 7

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 08 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally spills over the hand of a student, what should
be done?
(a) Wash the hand with saline solution
(b) Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium hydrogen
carbonate
(c) After washing with plenty of water apply a solution of sodium hydroxide on the hand
(d) Neutralise the acid with a strong alkali
Ans: (b) Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium hydrogen
carbonate
Washing affected hand with plenty of water will reduce the concentration of the acid.
Remaining traces of the acid can be neutralized by applying a paste of Hydrogen carbonate
which is basic in nature. Though NaOH is also a base but it is corrosive in nature hence it is not
used to neutralize the acid.

2. Which of the following represents saponification reaction?

CaO
(a) CH 3COONa  NaOH   CH 4  Na2CO3
H 2 SO4
(b) CH 3COOH  C2 H 5OH   CH 3COOC2 H 5  H 2O
(c) 2CH 3COOH  2 Na 
 2CH 3COONa  H 2
(d) CH 3COOC2 H 5  NaOH 
 CH 3COONa  C2 H 5OH
Ans: (d) CH 3COOC2 H 5  NaOH 
 CH 3COONa  C2 H 5OH

3. Which of the following statements is correct about an aqueous solution of an acid and of a base?
(i) Higher the pH, stronger the acid
(ii) Higher the pH, weaker the acid
(iii) Lower the pH, stronger the base
(iv) Lower the pH, weaker the base
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Ans: (d) (ii) and (iv)
On a pH scale acids are those whose pH is below 7 lower is the pH stronger will be acid and
similarly Bases are those whose pH is more than 7. Higher is the pH strong will be acid.

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4. A student performs some activities on two substances and records the observations in a table as
shown.
Activity Substance M Substance N
Cut with a knife Forms small pieces Forms small pieces
Beaten with hammer Shape changes Changes into powder
Stricken with a metal rod Makes a sound Changes into powder
Which option classifies the substances into metals and non-metals?
(a) Both the substances are non-metals.
(b) Both the substances are metals.
(c) Substance M is metal while substance N is non-metal.
(d) Substance M is non-metal while substance N is metal.
Ans: (c) Substance M is metal while substance N is non-metal.

5. What happens when calcium is treated with water?

(i) It does not react with water.
(ii) It reacts violently with water.
(iii) It reacts less violently with water.
(iv) Bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of calcium.
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans: (d) (iii) and (iv)

6. Which of the following a balanced equation for the following chemical reaction:
Heat
(i) 2 KClO3   2 KCl  3O2 (ii) MgO  H 2O  Mg (OH ) 2
(iii) 4 Al  3O3   2 Al2O3 (iv) Zn  FeSO4 
 ZnSO4  Fe
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
Ans: (d) (ii) and (iii)

7. Sodium carbonate is a basic salt because it is a salt of

(a) strong acid and strong base (b) weak acid and weak base
(c) strong acid and weak base (d) weak acid and strong base
Ans:(d) weak acid and strong base
Salt formed by weak acid and strong base form strong salt. Here, Sodium is a strong base and
carbonate is a weak acid.

8. Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from

(a) water (b) chlorophyll (c) carbon dioxide (d) glucose
Ans: (a) water
During photosynthesis, water molecule splits to produce Oxygen and Hydrogen Ions. Oxygen is
expelled out of plants and Hydrogen is used to reduce Carbon-di-oxide to produce
carbohydrates.

9. When we touch the leaves of “touch-me-not” plant, they begun to fold up and droop. How does
the plant communicate the information of touch?
(a) The plant uses electrical signals to transfer information from external environment to cells.
(b) The plant uses electrical- chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell.
(c) The plant uses electrical- chemical signals to transfer information from tissue to specialized
cells.
(d) The plant uses electrical signals to transfer information from cell to specialized tissues.
Ans: (b) The plant uses electrical- chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell.

10. Which one of the following device can detect the feeble current in the electrical circuit?
(a) Voltmeter (b) Ammeter (c) Galvanometer (d) Rheostat
Ans: (c) Galvanometer

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11. Which of the following statement (s) is (are) true about nastic movements?
(i) These are slow movements.
(ii) These occur either towards or away from the stimulus.
(iii) These involve the use of electrochemical signals by the plants.
(iv) In such movements, the plant cells change shape by altering their water content.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 2 and 4 only
Ans: (c) 3 and 4 only

12. A current that always flows in the same direction through an electrical device is called
(a) a direct current. (b) an alternating current.
(c) a varying current. (d) a magnetic current.
Ans: (a) a direct current.

13. Identify the option that indicates the correct enzyme that is secreted in location (i), (ii) and (iii).

:
(a) (i)—lipase, (ii)—trypsin, (iii)—pepsin
(b) (i)—amylase, (ii)—pepsin, (iii)—trypsin
(c) (i)—trypsin, (ii)—amylase, (iii)—carboxylase
(d) (i)—permease, (ii)—carboxylase, (iii)—oxidase
Ans: (b) (i)—amylase, (ii)—pepsin, (iii)—trypsin

14. Ten identical wires each having a resistance of 1Ω are connected in parallel. The combination
will have a resistance of
(a) 10 Ω (b) 1 Ω (c) 0.1 Ω (d) 0.01 Ω
Ans: (c) 0.1 Ω
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
   .....  (10 times)   10  R e q   0.1
R eq 1 1 1 1 Req 10

15. What is the direction of magnetic field at a point A above the wire carrying current I as shown
in figure?

(a) Out of the page (b) Into the page

(c) Up the page (d) Down the page
Ans: (a) Out of the page
Using right hand thumb rule, if we place our thumb in the direction of current, magnetic field at
point A will be out of the page.

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16. What is common between extensive network of blood vessels around walls of alveoli and in
glomerulus of nephron?
(a) Thick walled arteries richly supplied with blood
(b) Thin walled veins poorly supplied with blood
(c) Thick walled capillaries poorly supplied with blood
(d) Thin walled capillaries richly supplied with blood
Ans: (d) Thin walled capillaries richly supplied with blood
The common thing between extensive network of blood vessels around walls of alveoli and in
glomerulus of nephron is the thin walled capillaries richly supplied with blood.

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

17. Assertion (A) : Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices, like electrical iron,
toasters etc.
Reason (R) : Alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperatures.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
because alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperature.

18. Assertion (A) : Fresh milk in which baking soda is added, takes a longer time to set as curd.
Reason (R) : Baking soda decreases the pH value of fresh milk to below 6.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.
The correct reason is “Baking soda is basic in nature so it increases the pH value of fresh milk
to above 7”.

19. Assertion (A): Our body maintains blood sugar level.

Reason (R): Pancreas secretes insulin which helps to regulate blood sugar levels in the body.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
Pancreas secretes insulin which helps to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. Insulin helps
the cells absorb glucose, reducing blood sugar and providing the cells with glucose for energy.
When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon instructs the
liver to release stored glucose, which causes blood sugar to rise

20. Assertion (A) : Clones are offspring of an organism formed by asexual reproduction.
Reason (R) : Clones have exact copies of DNA as their parent.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Clones are cells or organisms that are morphologically and genetically identical.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. In the experiment ‘‘To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata’’, glycerine
and safranin are used. When and why are these two liquids used? Explain.
Ans: (i) Glycerine is used just before placing the specimen on the slide.
(ii) It helps it to keep moist and prevents drying.
(iii) Safranin is a synthetic dye used to stain the cells of the leaf so that each part is visible
properly.

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 (iv) It is applied after the leaf peel is washed in water and kept in a watch glass.
OR
Trace the path of sperm during ejaculation and mention the gland and their functions associated
with the male reproductive system.
Ans: Sperm comes out from testis into the vas deferens and then passes through urethra before
ejaculation. The secretions of seminal vesicle and prostrate glands provide nutrition to the
sperms and also facilitate their transport.

22. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her science laboratory is formed at a
distance of 15 cm from the lens. She now tries to focus the building visible to her outside the
window instead of the window pane without disturbing the lens. In which direction will she
move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the building? What is the approximate focal length
of this lens?
Ans: To obtain a clear image of the building Sudha has to move the screen towards the lens.
Focal length will be approximately 15 cm. The rays of light coming from a distant object such
as a tree (or a distant building or electricity pole) can be considered to be parallel to each other.
When parallel rays of light are incident on a convex lens, the rays, after refraction, converge at
focus on the other side of the lens.

OR
Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in the following cases, when the image
formed is virtual and erect in each case.
(a) Object is placed between device and its focus, image formed is enlarged and behind it.
(b) Object is placed between the focus and device, image formed is enlarged and on the same
side as that of the object.
(c) Object is placed between infinity and device, image formed is diminished and between focus
and optical centre on the same side as that of the object.
(d) Object is placed between infinity and device, image formed is diminished and between pole
and focus, behind it.
Ans: (a) Concave mirror
(b) Convex lens
(c) Concave lens
(d) Convex mirror

23. State the reason for the following:

(i) An iron strip dipped in a blue copper sulphate solution turns the blue solution pale green.
(ii) Calcium does not occur in free state in nature.
Ans: (i) Iron being more reactive than copper displaces copper from copper sulphate to form
green ferrous sulphate solution.
(ii) Calcium is a very reactive metal. So, it readily reacts with the chemicals present in
surroundings and occurs in combined state.

24. Distinguish between a gamete and zygote. Explain their roles in sexual reproduction.
Ans: The sex cell or germ cell in sexual reproduction is called gamete. There are two types of
gametes, male and female. A male and a female gamete fuse with each other during fertilisation
to form a zygote.

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 The gametes possess characters of their parents in their DNA and their fusion brings characters
of both parents into one zygote cell. Zygote is the first cell of the next generation which divides
to form an embryo which subsequently grows into a new individual. 1

25. Why is nutrition necessary for an organism? Give any two reasons.
Ans: Nutrition is a method in which the food is consumed by the organisms into the body and
utilizing the nutrients from the food.
Nutrition is necessary for an organism. It is required for the following purposes:
(i) It provides energy for the metabolic processes in the body.
(ii) It is necessary for the growth of new cells and repairing worn out cells.
(iii) It is required to develop resistance against different diseases.
(iv) It is used to produce energy which is utilized in the different life process for survival.

26. Suggest one word for each of the following statements/ definitions
(a) The physical and biological world where we live in
(b) Each level of the food chain where the transfer of energy takes place
(c) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind and soil of an ecosystem
(d) Organisms which depend on the producers either directly or indirectly for food
Ans: (a) Environment
(b) Trophic level
(c) Abiotic factors
(d) Consumers or heterotrophs

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. What is feedback mechanism of hormonic regulation? Take the example of insulin to explain
this phenomenon.
Ans: Normal functioning of endocrine glands and regulation of level of hormones in the body is
the feedback mechanism. For example, after a meal, the glucose level of the blood rises which
stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin to act on it. Insulin stimulates target cells to take up
extra glucose which is either utilised in respiration or is stored as glycogen. In this way, glucose
level of blood is brought back to normal. When there is a fall in glucose level in blood, a
decrease of insulin level takes place, insulin secretion by pancreas decreases. This checks
further fall in the blood glucose level. In this way insulin maintains the blood-glucose
homeostatis.
OR
List in tabular form three distinguishing features between cerebrum and cerebellum.
Ans:
Cerebrum Cerebellum
1. It forms the part of forebrain. 1. It forms the part of hindbrain.
2. It is composed of two cerebral hemispheres, 2. It has two cerebellar hemispheres
each consisting of four lobes, namely temporal, and the presence of a medial vermis.
parietal, occipital and frontal.
3. It controls the muscular movements, 3. It maintains the body equilibrium,
interprets sensory impulses and is concerned muscle coordination and muscle tone.
with emotions and intelligence.

28. (i) State the relation between colour of scattered light and size of the scattering particle.
(ii) The apparent position of an object, when seen through the hot air, fluctuates or wavers. State
the basic cause of this observation.
(iii) Complete the path of white light when it passes through two identical prisms placed as
shown:

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 Ans: (i) Small size particles scatter shorter wavelength (violet) or large sized particles scatter
larger wavelength (Red).
(ii) Due to variation in physical condition of hot air.
(iii) Diagrams:

29. Define the term power of accommodation. Write the modification in the curvature of the eye
lens which enables us to see the nearby objects clearly?
Ans: The ability of the eye lens to change its focal length is known as the power of
accommodation. The ciliary muscles present in the eye change the curvature of the lens which
in turn change the focal length of the lens. To see nearby objects clearly, the focal length of lens
should be less than that for seeing objects at normal distance. The ciliary muscles contract and
cause the lens to become thicker. A thicker lens will have a decreased focal length than a normal
sized lens so nearby objects will be visible.

30. (i) With the help of a suitable circuit diagram prove that the reciprocal of the equivalent
resistance of a group of resistances joined in parallel is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the
individual resistances.
(ii) In an electric circuit two resistors of 12 Ω each are joined in parallel to a 6 V battery. Find
the current drawn from the battery.
Ans: (i) From below figure,

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 I  I1  I 2  I 3
V V V
I1  , I 2  , I 3 
R1 R2 R3
V V V V 1 1 1 1
       
RP R1 R2 R3 RP R1 R2 R3
(ii) R1  R2  12,V  6V
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 V 6V
       RP  6  I    1A
RP R1 R2 12 12 12 6 RP 6

31. Write the essential function performed by ozone at the higher levels of the Earth’s atmosphere.
How is it produced? Name the synthetic chemicals mainly responsible for the drop of amount of
ozone in the atmosphere. How can the use of these chemicals be reduced?
Ans: At the higher levels of the atmosphere, ozone shields the surface of the Earth from
ultraviolet radiations from the Sun. Ozone at the higher levels of the atmosphere is a product of
UV radiation acting on oxygen molecule. The high energy UV radiations split apart molecular
oxygen into free oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms then combine with molecular oxygen to from
ozone.
 O3
O2  O 
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) accumulate in the upper atmosphere and react with ozone resulting
in its reduction.
To reduce the use of CFCs, it is now mandatory to make CFC-free refrigerators throughout the
world.

32. Identify the type of each of the following reactions. Also write balanced chemical equation for
each reaction.
(i) A reaction in which the reaction mixture becomes warm.
(ii) A reaction in which an insoluble substance is formed.
Ans: (i) Exothermic reaction
CaO + H2O   Ca(OH)2 + heat
quick lime slaked lime
(ii) Precipitation reaction (double displacement reaction)
Pb(NO)3(aq) + KI(aq)   PbI2(s) + KNO3(aq)
yellow precipitate

33. 3 mL of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution of
alkaline potassium permanganate is added first drop by drop to this solution, then in excess.
(i) How is 5% solution of KMnO4 prepared?
(ii) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in this reaction. What happens on adding
it in excess?
(iii) Write chemical equation of this reaction.
Ans: (i) By dissolving 5g of KMnO4 in 100mL of water/By dissolving 5g of KMnO4 in water
to make a final volume of 100mL.
(ii) As an oxidizing agent
Purple colour persists
Alkaline KMnO4
(iii) CH 3CH 2OH  heat
CH 3COOH

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function.

Ans: Neuron is highly specialized cell responsible for the transmission of nerve impulse.

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 Soma or cell body is a star-shaped hair-like structure Hair-like structures are called dendrites.
Dendrites receives nerve impulses.
Axon is the tail of the nucleus it ends in hair-like structures which makes nerve endings. Nerve
endings relay nerve impulses.
Myelin sheath acts as an insulator around the axon. It insulates axons from the electrical
impulses from the surroundings.
The function of a neuron is to process and transmit information from the brain to all parts of the
body.
OR
Draw the diagram of a flower and label the four whorls. Write the names of gamete producing
organs in the flower.
Ans: Gametes producing organs:
Anthers (Part of androecium) - male gametes
Ovary (Part of gynoecium) - female gametes

35. (a) Draw a labelled circuit diagram to study the relationship between the current (I) flowing
through a conductor and the potential difference (V) applied across its two ends. State the
formula co-relating the I in a conductor and the V across it. Also, show their relationship by
drawing a diagram.
(b) What would be the resistance of a resistor if the current flowing through it is 0.15 A when
the potential difference across it is 1.05 V?
Ans: (a) The formula states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference across its ends, provided the physical conditions like temperature,
density, etc., remain unchanged. This is Ohm‘s law.

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 V
I V  I  ⇒ V = IR.
R
R is called resistance of the conductor.
(b) As V = 1.05 V, I = 0.15 A
We know that, V = IR
1.05
⇒ 1.05 = 0.15 × R  R   7
0.15
36. Give reasons:
(i) Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO3.
(ii) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg.
(iii) NaCl is not a conductor of electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct electricity in
aqueous solution as well as in molten state.
(iv) Iron articles are galvanised.
(v) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.
Ans: (i) Due to the formation of a coating of aluminum oxide/Al2O3.
(ii) Na or Mg are more reactive metals as compared to carbon. So, their oxides are more stable.
(iii) In molten state, due to heat the electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely
charged ions are overcome. So ions move freely and conduct electricity. In aqueous solutions
ions are free and conduct electricity.
(iv) Iron articles are galvanised to protect them from corrosion.
(v) Reactive metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg react easily with different elements and occur in the
form of ores.
OR
(a) Write the chemical name of Na2CO3.10H2O and Na2CO3.
(b) Write the significance of 10H2O.
(c) Mention the term used for water molecules attached with a salt.
(d) With the help of a chemical equation, explain the method of preparation of both
Na2CO3.10H2O and Na2CO3. Also, list two uses of Na2CO3.10H2O.
Ans: (a) Na2CO3.10H2O - Sodium carbonate decahydrate.
Na2CO3 - Anhydrous sodium carbonate.
(b) 10H2O - Water of crystallisation which impacts shape and colour to the crystals.
(c) The terms used for water molecules attached to salt are molecules of water of crystallization.
(d) Preparation of : When aqueous Sodium chloride is treated with Ammonia then there is the
formation of Sodium bicarbonate and Ammonium chloride. After that this Sodium bicarbonate
is heated to form Sodium carbonate with the evolution of Carbon dioxide.
NaCl  H 2O  CO2  NH 3   NH 4Cl  NaHCO3
heat
2 NaHCO3    Na2CO3  H 2O  CO2
When Sodium chloride is treated with water, there is the formation of water of crystallization,
forming Sodium carbonate with water of crystallization.
Na2 CO3  10H 2 O   Na2 CO3 10H 2 O
Uses:
(i) Used in glass, soap and paper industries.
(ii) Used in the manufacture of borax.
(iii) Used as a cleansing agent for domestic purpose.

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 SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study - 1
Pihu passed a narrow beam PQ of white light through a glass prism ABC as shown in the
diagram.

(a) Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed on the
screen DE.
(b) Write the name and cause of the phenomenon observed.
(c) Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed?
OR
Based on this observation, state the conclusion which can be drawn about the constituents of
white light.
Ans: (a)

(b) Dispersion of light, because different colours of light bends through different angles.
(c) Rainbow formation
OR
White light contains seven colours i.e., VIBGYOR

38. Case Study – 2

The given figure shows how the root and shoot of a seed develop in response to stimull.

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 (i) (a) Identify the stimulus that causes the roots to grow in the direction shown in figure.
(b) State the name of this response.
(ii) (a) Identify the stimulus that cause the shoot to grow in the direction shown in figure.
(b) State the name of this response.
OR
(ii) (a) State the name of the plant hormone that causes the root and shoot to develop in the way
shown in figure.
(b) What is hydrotropism?
Ans: (i) (a) Gravity is the stimulus that causes the roots to grow in the direction.
(b) The response is geotropism.
(ii) (a) Light is the stimulus that causes the roots to grow in the direction.
(b) The response is phototropism.
OR
(ii) (a) Auxin is the name of the plant hormone that causes the root and shoot to develop in the
way shown in figure.
(b) Hydrotropism is the movement or growth of a plant in response to water.

39. Case Study – 3

A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen by placing the flame at
various distances from a convex lens. He noted his observations as:
S. No. Distance of flame from Distance of Screen from
the lens (cm) the lens (cm)
(a) 60 20
(b) 40 24
(c) 30 30
(d) 24 40
(e) 15 70
(a) In which case the size of object and image will be same?
(b) What is the change in the image observed as the object is moved from infinity towards the
concave lens?
(c) From the above table, find the focal length of lens without using lens formula.
OR
Which set of observations is incorrect?
Ans: (a) In case (c), because object is at the centre of curvature.
(b) Size of the image increases slightly.
(c) u = 30 cm, v = 30 cm
This is possible if the object is placed at 2f.
∴ 2f = 30 cm ⇒ f = 15 cm
OR
In case (e), This is because if the object is at focus then image is formed at infinity.

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Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 13 -
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 09 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Which of the following two combinations are correct?

Metal Gas evolved

(i) Copper Yes
(ii) Iron Yes
(iii) Magnesium No
(iv) Zinc Yes
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Ans: (d) (ii) and (iv)

2. Which one of the following structures correctly depicts the compound CaCl2?

Ans: (c)
Electronic configuration
Ca(20) : 2, 8, 8, 2
Cl(17) : 2, 8, 7
Calcium loses two electrons to form Ca2+ ion and attains noble gas configuration whereas,
chlorine gains one electron to form Cl– ion. Therefore, two electrons lost by calcium are gained
by two chlorine atoms to form CaCl2.

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3. Identify the name of the given compound.
(a) Butanal (b) Butanone (c) Propanol (d) Propanal
Ans: (a) Butanal

4. Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide accompanied by
liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium hydroxide dissolves in water
to form its solution called lime water. Which among the following is (are) true about slaking of
lime and the solution formed?
(i) It is an endothermic reaction
(ii) It is an exothermic reaction
(iii) The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven
(iv) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans: (b) (ii) and (iii)

5. If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally spills over the hand of a student, what should
be done?
(a) Wash the hand with saline solution.
(b) Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
(c) After washing with plenty of water, apply solution of sodium hydroxide on the hand.
(d) Neutralise the acid with a strong alkali.
Ans: (b) Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium hydrogen
carbonate.
6. Identify the option that indicates the correct enzyme that is secreted in location i, ii and iii.

(a) (i)-lipase, (ii)-trypsin, (iii)-pepsin (b) (i)-amylase, (ii)-pepsin, (iii)-trypsin

(c) (i)-trypsin, (ii)-amylase, (iii)-carboxylase (d) (i)-permease, (ii)-carboxylase, (iii)-oxidase
Ans: (b) (i)-amylase, (ii)-pepsin, (iii)-trypsin

7. Which of the following is most appropriate for aerobic respiration?

Mitochondria Cytoplasm
(a) Glucose   Pyruvate   CO2 + H2O + Energy
Cytoplasm Mitochondria
(b) Glucose   Pyruvate   CO2 + H2O + Energy
Cytoplasm Mitochondria
(c) Glucose   Pyruvate + Energy   CO2 + H2O
Cytoplasm Mitochondria
(d) Glucose   Pyruvate + Energy   CO2 + H2O + Energy
Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Ans: (d) Glucose   Pyruvate + Energy   CO2 + H2O + Energy

8. A person can choke when a piece of food becomes lodged in the windpipe, blocking the flow of
air. A first aid procedure to remove the blockage is the Heimlich manoeuvre described below:
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 By performing this procedure, the piece of food is pushed out of the windpipe. Which of the
following causes this to happen?
(a) The expansion of the chest
(b) The air pressed out of the chest
(c) The food pressed out of the stomach
(d) The upward movement of the wall of the food pipe
Ans: (b) The air pressed out of the chest

9. Choose the incorrect match.

(a) A metal used in joining electric wires - Magnesium
(b) A metal whose oxide is soluble in both acids and bases - Zinc
(c) A metal unreactive towards oxygen and dilute acids - Gold
(d) A metal extracted by using electrolytic reduction - Aluminium
Ans: (a)
Copper metal is used in joining electric wires due to its high electrical conductivity, enough
tensile strength and ductility.

10. Choose the balanced equation (s) from the given options.
I. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
II. Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
III. KClO4− → KCl + 2O2
IV. Cu + 2HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + H2O
(a) I and II only (b) I, II, and III only (c) I, III and IV only (d) All of these
Ans: (b) I, II, and III only

11. Match the terms of Column (A) with these of Column (B):
Column A Column B
A. Olfactory receptors (i) Tongue
B. Thermoreceptors (ii) Eye
C. Gustatory receptors (iii) Nose
D. Photoreceptors (iv) Skin

(a) A–(iii), B–(iv), C–(i), D–(ii) (b) A–(ii), B–(iii), C–(iv), D–(i)
(c) A–(iv), B–(iii), C–(ii), D–(i) (d) A–(i), B–(ii), C–(iii), D–(iv)
Ans: (a) A–(iii), B–(iv), C–(i), D–(ii)

12. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the circuit
(a) very continuously (b) does not change
(c) reduces substantially (d) increases heavily
Ans: (d) increases heavily

13. You are given four bulbs of 25 W, 40 W, 50 W and 60 W. Which bulb has the lowest
resistance?
(a) 25 W (b) 50 W (c) 60 W (d) 40 W
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 Ans: (c) 60 W

14. Which of the following is a recessive trait in garden pea?

I. Green seed colour II. Terminal flower position III. Violet flower IV. Round seeds
(a) I and II only (b) II and III only (c) I, II and III only (d) I, III and IV only
Ans: (a) I and II only

15. The magnetic field lines due to a straight wire carrying a current are
(a) straight (b) circular (c) parabolic (d) elliptical
Ans: (b) circular

16. The most important safety method used for protecting home appliances from short-circuiting or
overloading is
(a) earthing (b) use of fuse (c) use of stabilizers (d) use of electric meter
Ans: (b) use of fuse
Fuse has have thin wire of short length made of tin and lead in the ratio of 75: 25%. When
current exceeds specified limit fuse melts and breaks the circuits thereby protecting home
appliances.

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
17. Assertion (A): Insulin regulates blood sugar level.
Reason (R): Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

18. Assertion: Males have more stature than females during puberty.
Reason: This is because of presence of thyroxin in the blood of females.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

19. Assertion (A): If a graph is plotted between the potential difference and the current flowing, the
graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
Reason (R): The current is directly proportional to the potential difference.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

20. Assertion (A): Copper sulphate crystals are wet because it contains water of crystallisation.
Reason (R): Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of molecules of water present in one
formula unit of salt.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.
21. What happens when:
(i) ZnCO3 is heated in the absence of oxygen?
(ii) a mixture of Cu2O and Cu2S is heated?
Ans: (i) It undergoes calcination. The chemical reaction can be given as:
Heat
ZnCO3   ZnO + CO2
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 (ii) It undergoes auto reduction forming copper and sulphur dioxide.
Heat
2Cu2O + Cu2S   6Cu + SO2
OR
In the electrolysis of water:
(a) Name the gas collected at the cathode and anode respectively.
(b) Why the volume of one gas, collected at one electrode is double than that of the other
electrode? Name this gas.
Ans: (a) At Cathode: Hydrogen gas (H2)
At Anode: Oxygen gas (O2)
Electric current
(b) Since 2H2O   2H2 + O2
2 molecules of H2 combine with 1 mol of O2 to form H2O, so the volume of H2, liberated is
double than that of O2.

22. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Ans. Xylem:
(1) Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals.
(2) Water is transported upwards from roots to all other plant parts.
(3) Transport in Xylem occurs with the help of simple physical forces such as transpiration 3
pull.
Phloem:
(1) Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food.
(2) Food is transported in both upward and downward directions.
(3) Transport (of food) in Phloem requires energy in the form of ATP.

23. What are chromosomes? Explain how in sexually reproducing organisms the number of
chromosomes in the progeny is maintained.
Ans: Chromosomes are thread-like structures, made of proteins and DNA, found in the nucleus
at the time of cell division.
In sexually reproducing organisms, the gametes undergo meiosis, and hence, each gamete
contains only half a set of chromosomes. When two gametes fuse, the zygote formed contains
the full set of chromosomes. Hence, the formation of gametes by meiosis helps to maintain the
number of chromosomes in the progeny.

24. A student needs spectacles of power – 0.5 D for the correction of his vision.
(a) Name the defect in vision the student is suffering from.
(b) Find the nature and focal length of the corrective lens.
Ans: (a) Myopia
(b) Concave / diverging lens
P = 1/f
⇒ – 0.5 = 1/f
⇒ f = – 1/0.5
⇒ f = 2 m and Concave lens = 200 cm and Concave lens.
OR
How does the refractive index of earth’s atmosphere vary with height?
Ans. The hotter air in the atmosphere is lighter than the cooler air and has a refractive index
slightly less than that of the cooler air. The refractive index of the upper hotter atmosphere is
therefore less than the cooler layers of atmosphere below it

25. (i) What is meant by garbage? List two classes into which garbage is classified.
(ii) What do we actually mean when we say that the “enzymes are specific in their action”?
Ans: (i) The household waste produced in our day-to-day life is called garbage.
Two classes in which garbage is classified are:
(a) Biodegradable garbage: Garbage that can be decomposed naturally. Examples are vegetable
peels, flowers, cake, cotton, paper, etc.
(b) Non-biodegradable garbage: Garbage that cannot be decomposed naturally. Examples are
polythene bags, plastics, metals, etc.
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 (ii) This is because enzymes have specific shape and they bind with specific substrate to
proceed the reaction. Besides geometrical shape, hydrophillic and hydrophobic interaction is
also responsible for selectivity.
OR
What is an ecosystem? Name the organisms belonging to the second and fourth trophic levels in
the food chain comprising the following:
Frogs, Plants, Snakes, Hawks, Insects
Ans. An ecosystem is a self-sustained unit which comprises of all the interacting living things
together with their non-living environment.
Plants → Insects → Frogs → Snakes → Hawks
The organism belonging to the second and fourth trophic levels are insects and snakes
respectively.

26. Two green plants are kept separately in oxygen free containers, one in the dark and the other in
continuous light. Which one will live longer? Give reasons.
Ans: Plant kept in continuous light will perform photosynthesis and release oxygen for its
respiration.
Hence, it will live longer than the plant kept in the dark.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. What is meant by functional group in carbon compounds? Write in tabular form the structural
formula and the functional group present in the following compounds:
(i) Ethanol
(ii) Ethanoic acid
Ans: An atom or a group of atoms which determine the chemical properties of an organic
compound is called a functional group.
Name of Compound Structural Formula Functional Group

Ethanol

Ethanoic acid

28. A compound ‘A’ is used in the manufacture of cement. When dissolved in water, it evolves a
large amount of heat and forms compound ‘B’.
(i) Identify A and B.
(ii) Write chemical equation for the reaction of A with water.
(iii) List two types of reaction in which this reaction may be classified.
Ans: (i) A = CaO/Quick lime/Calcium oxide
B = Ca(OH)2/Slaked lime/Calcium hydroxide
(ii) CaO + H2O   Ca(OH)2 + heat or energy
(iii) Combination reaction
Exothermic reaction.

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29. A squirrel is in a scary situation. Its body has to prepare for either fighting or running away.
State the immediate changes that take place in its body so that the squirrel is able to either fight
or run?
Ans: • The adrenaline hormone is secreted into the blood.
• The heart beats faster resulting in supply of more oxygen to the muscles.
• Blood is diverted to skeletal muscles.
• The breathing rate increases.
• The blood supply to digestive systems and skin is reduced.
OR
Write in tabular form the location and function of the hormones secreted by each of the
following glands present in the human body:
(i) Pituitary gland
(ii) Thyroid gland
(iii) Pancreas
Ans:
Glands Location Function
(i) Pituitary gland Brain Stimulates growth in all organs.
Regulates metabolism of fats, proteins &
(ii) Thyroid Neck/ Larynx
carbohydrates.
(iii) Pancreas Below Stomach Regulates blood sugar

30. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 5 cm.
(i) Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of image.
(ii) State two characteristics of the image formed.
(iii) Calculate the distance of the image from mirror.
Ans: (i)

(ii) The two characteristics of the image formed are:

1. It is virtual and erect (behind the mirror and upright).
2. It is smaller than the object.
1 1 1
(iii) Using mirror formula,  
f v u
Substituting the given values we get
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
       
5 v (10) 5 v 10 5 10 v
1 2 1 3 10
    v   cm  3.33cm
v 10 10 3
Thus, the distance of the image v is 0.3 cm from the mirror, and the positive sign implies that
the image forms behind the mirror (on the right).

31. (a) Nichrome wire of length ‘L’ and radius ‘R’ has resistance of 10 Ω. How would the
resistance of the wire change when:
(i) Only length of the wire is doubled?
(ii) Only diameter of the wire is doubled? Justify your answer.
(b) Why element of electrical heating devices are made up of alloys?
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 Ans: (a) (i) R  L
So, resistance becomes two times i.e., R = 20 
1 1
(ii) R   2
A d
So, when diameter is doubled, resistance becomes one-fourth of the original i.e., R = 2.5 
(b) Elements of heating devices are made up of alloys because:
(i) They have high melting points.
(ii) They have high resistance, so when even a small magnitude of current passes through them,
they get heated up enormously.
(iii) They do not oxidise readily.
OR
State any three differences between Resistance and Resistivity.
Ans: Resistance:
(i) It is the opposition provided by the atoms of a conductor to the flow of electrons.
(ii) SI unit of resistance is Ω (Ohm).
(iii) Resistance depends on length, area of cross section, material and temperature of conductor.
Resistivity:
(i) It is the resistance of the conductor of that substance of unit length and unit area of cross
section.
(ii) SI unit of resistivity of Ωm (Ohm-meter).
(iii) Resistivity of substance depends only on the material of substance.

32. (i) We do not clean ponds or lakes, but an aquarium needs to be cleaned regularly. Why?
(ii) Why is ozone layer getting depleted at the higher levels of the atmosphere?
Mention one harmful effect caused by its depletion.
Ans: (i) Natural eco-systems (ponds/lakes) have self-sustainability. They have decomposers in
them unlike aquariums, which are artificial ecosystems.
(ii) Ozone layer is getting depleted at the higher levels of atmosphere due to the release of CFCs
in the environment. Depletion of ozone layer exposes humans to harmful UV rays, which causes
skin diseases, cancer etc.

33. A 10 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length
12 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 18 cm. Find the nature, position and size of
the image formed.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Ans:     
v u f v u f
1 1 1
    v  36cm
v 12 (18)
v h' 36 h'
Now, m      h '  20cm
u h 18 10
Nature of image – Real and inverted.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. Define pollination. Explain the different types of pollination. List two agents of pollination.
How does suitable pollination lead to fertilisation?
Ans: Pollination – Transfer of pollen from anther / stamen to stigma of the flower.
Type of Pollination –
(a) Self pollination – Transfer of pollen from anther / stamen to stigma occurs in the same
flower.
(b) Cross pollination – Pollen is transferred from anther / stamen of one flower to stigma of
another flower.
• Agents of pollination – Wind, Water, Insects and Animals (Any 2)

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 • A tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style, to reach the female germ
cell in the ovary to cause fertilization.
OR
(a) Draw a diagram of human excretory system and label the following parts on it:
(i) Right renal artery
(ii) Vena cava.
(iii) Urinary bladder
(iv) Left Kidney
(b) List two vital functions of kidney.
Ans: (a) Human Excretory system:

(b) Vital functions of kidney:

(i) To regulate right amount of water in body.
(ii) Helps in filtering out nitrogenous waste like urea from blood.

35. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit and find the total current in the circuit.

Ans:

R3 and R4 are in series, hence the equivalent resistance of those two = R5 = R3 + R4 = 10 ohms.
R5 and R2 are in parallel. Let R6 be the equivalent resistance for them.
R  R 100
Hence, R6  5 2   5
R5  R2 20
Now R1 and R6 are in series and hence the final equivalent resistance of the entire circuit is R =
R1 + R6 = 12 ohms

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 By Ohm’s Law we know that V = IR, hence
Hence the current in the circuit is 24/12 A = 2A

36. (a) Write chemical equations for the following reactions:

(i) Calcium metal reacts with water.
(ii) Cinnabar is heated in the presence of air.
(iii) Manganese dioxide is heated with aluminium powder.
(b) What are alloys? List two properties of alloys.
Ans: (a) (i) Ca + 2H2O   Ca(OH)2 + H2
Heat
(ii) 2HgS + 3O2   2HgO + 2SO2
(iii) 3MnO2 + 4Al   2Al2O3 + 3Mn
(b) Alloys are homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non metal
Properties:
Alloys are stronger / harder / have low melting point / more resistant to corrosion / some are
magnetic in nature.
OR
Define a chemical reaction. State four observations which help us to determine that a chemical
reaction has taken place. Write one example of each observation with a balanced chemical
equation.
Ans: Process in which new substances with new properties are formed by the rearrangement of
atoms.
(i) Evolution of gas: The chemical reaction between zinc and dilute H2SO4.
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)   ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) ↑
(ii) Change in colour: The chemical reaction between potassium iodide and lead nitrate.
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(s)   2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
Colourless Yellow
(iii) Formation of precipitate: The chemical reaction between sulphuric acid and barium
chloride.
BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)   2HCl(aq) + BaSO4(s) ↓
White precipitate
(iv) Change in temperature: The chemical reaction between quick lime and water.
CaO(s) + H2O(l)   Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study - 1
The primary reason behind the formation of the toxic foam is high phosphate content in the
wastewater because of detergents used in dyeing industries, dhobi ghat and households.
Yamuna’s pollution level is so bad that parts of it have been labelled ‘dead’ as there is no
oxygen in it for aquatic life to survive.

Study the passage and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Give an idea about the pH value of the water of river Yamuna if the reason of froth is high
content of detergents dissolved in it. What does it tell us about the concentration of hydroxide
ion and hydronium ion? [2]
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 (ii) The table provides the pH value of four solutions P, Q, R and S
Solution pH value
P 2
Q 9
R 5
S 11
Arrange the solutions in increasing order of their hydronium ion concentration. [2]
OR
(ii) What is the effect of high content of phosphate ion in river Yamuna? [2]
Ans: (i) Detergents being basic increase the pH of water above 7. It will have high concentration
of hydroxide ion (OH–) and low concentration of hydronium ion (H3O+).
(ii) Higher the pH , lower is the hydronium ion concentration.
So, S < Q< R< P
OR
(ii) Phosphate ion increases the growth of algae which ultimately decrease the level of dissolved
oxygen.

38. Case Study – 2

Reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus which is not under the voluntary
control of the brain. Thus, a reflex action is the one which we perform automatically. It is a
comparatively simple form of behaviour in which the same stimulus produces the same
response every time. If we unknowingly touch a hot plate, we immediately move our hand away
from it. Moving our hand away on touching a hot plate is an example of reflex action. In a
reflex action, we are unaware of what is going to happen to us and are done without thinking.
How do we respond to it? We respond to it by the process of detecting the signal or the input
and responding to it by an output action. Such a connection is commonly called a reflex arc.
Nerves from all over the body meet in a bundle in the spinal cord on their way to the brain.
Reflex arcs are formed in this spinal cord itself, although the information input also goes on to
reach the brain.

The given figure represents the path of message from the receptor to the effector.
(i) In the given figure, identify “X” and its function. [1]
(ii) Define reflex arc. [1]
(iii) Explain four stages in a reflex action using the above figure. [2]
OR
(iii) Sweating and breathing are not reflex actions. Justify this statement. [2]
Ans: (i) In the given figure, “X” is a sensory neuron that carries the message from the receptor
to the central nervous system (the spinal cord and brain).
(ii) Reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls the reflex. It includes sensory nerve and a motor
nerve with a synapse in between.
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 (iii) Receptor detects a stimulus → Sensory neuron sends impulses to relay neuron → Motor
neuron sends impulses to effector → Effector produces a response
OR
(iii) Reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) neuromuscular action excited by a defined
stimulus. Hence, sweating and breathing are not reflex actions.

39. Case Study – 3

The diagram given below shows an object O and its image I. Without actually drawing the ray
diagram state the following:

(a) Type of lens (Converging / Diverging) [1]

(b) Name two optical instruments where such an image is obtained. [1]
(c) List three characteristic of the image formed if this lens is replaced by a concave mirror of
focal length f and an object is placed at a distance f/2 in front of the mirror. [2]
OR
List four precautions which a student should observe while determining the focal length of a
given convex lens by obtaining image of a distant object on a screen. [2]
Ans: (a) Converging lens
(b) Microscope and Telescope
(c) Characteristic of the image formed are:
(1) Virtual image
(2) Magnified image
(3) Image behind the mirror
OR
Precautions:
(1) Lens should be held in vertical position with its faces parallel to the screen.
(2) Clear and sharpest image should be obtained by adjusting the position of lens.
(3) Three observations should be taken at least.
(4) Base of lens, screen and measuring scale should be in straight line. (or any other)

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