University of San Agustin

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

General Luna Street, Iloilo City

]STATEHOOD OF STEM GRADUATES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN

(2017-2018): A TRACER STUDY

A Quantitative Research

presented to the faculty of

UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN

Basic Education Department

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Abaquita, Bea Marie

Corral, Nixie Shanylle

Escander, Gherzy Jan

Gayoso, Chrizan Gail

Gonzales, Giulia Muriel L.

Inquit, Rafael Jacob D.

STEM 12 – Medical Track

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 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

The Philippines is one of only three countries in the world that has a 10-year education

system, which has led to the implementation of a 2-year senior high school program as part of

the Department of Education’s (DepEd) K-12 initiatives. According to DepEd, Senior High

School (SHS) refers to Grades 11 and 12, the last two years of the K to 12 Basic Education

Program where students are required to go through a core curriculum and subjects under a track

of their choice. Each student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks: Academic;

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic track includes three

strands:Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM); Humanities and Social Sciences

(HUMSS); and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM). As prescribed in the

Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (the Act), this educational reform launched by the DepEd

in June 2016 aims to improve the quality of high school graduates, leading them to the

development of self, community, and nation, and in order for them to become more globally

competitive (Department of Education, 2016).

As the SHS program is freshly implemented, there is little known about the outcome of the

educational reform particularly on STEM graduates and there is only few to none literature that

focuses on the topic. In the study conducted by Santos et al., (2019) the researchers sought to

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

determine the quality of education and the relevance of the SHS curriculum in their present

endeavors through a quantitative study. Although they were able to determine whether the Senior

High School strand of the pioneer graduates of Bulacan State University Laboratory High School

are aligned to their current course, they were not able to include the other chosen exits of SHS

graduates of BULSU-LHS whether they were employed, entrepreneurs or layabout. One tracer

study conducted by Awi, Calasin, and de Guzman (2022), focuses on the curriculum exit of the

three batches of the SHS graduates in the Philippines in order to determine the quality of

education that the school offers and the impact of the new basic education system in the country.

Yet, the results of the study still suggested that there is a need to further study the status of the

employed SHS graduates. Ducanes and Ocampo conducted a study entitled "The Impact of the

New Senior High School Program on the School Participation of 16 and 17-year-old Learners in

the Philippines" to examine the impact of the new Senior High School program on 16 to

17-year-old learners' educational participation using their collected data from the Annual Poverty

Indicators Survey. The study's findings revealed that educational reform has addressed one of the

most serious concerns leveled at the Philippine educational system, namely the lack of

educational opportunities for the poor. However, in terms of quality of education, the study

stated that the impact of SHS on the quality of graduates who enter college, the world of work, or

entrepreneurship are still not determined and it could be a particular interest because such tracer

study can provide insights about the reviews or revision of curriculum and learning delivery

systems, which our current study will be addressing.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

The researchers aim to pursue this descriptive study since it will be beneficial to the

students because it can give them a better understanding of the impact of STEM education on

their chosen careers, and information from tracking study results could provide attention and

action for institutions of higher education to reevaluate their current curriculum plans to see if

they are still meeting the needs of high school students. (Cuadra et al., 2019). Without

information about the statehood of STEM students, we cannot ensure if the STEM graduates are

well-equipped and that the educational system has met their needs. Tracer studies provide

valuable insight into the career paths of graduates and can help inform the development of more

effective STEM curricula and educational strategies. According to the Australian Council for

Educational Research (2021), a tracer study provides feedback to higher education institutions

within two to three years, allowing them to observe if they have been providing the right skills

and knowledge to their students. Tracing the statehood of graduates can also help to identify gaps

in educational opportunities and disparities in educational outcomes, providing valuable insight

into how to better ensure equitable access to quality education.

In order to determine whether Senior High School has been successful since it was

introduced, this tracer study followed the senior high school graduates in the Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) program at University of San Agustin in

Iloilo City. The researchers selected some of the University of San Agustin Iloilo's students in the

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) strands to follow as respondents

for the Tracer study during the academic year 2017–2018.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Statement of the Problem

This tracer study aims to determine the statehood of the students from the Senior High School

program from The University of San Agustin in STEM strand in the year 2017-2018.

Specifically, this study will answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of University of San Agustin STEM in terms of:

1.1 sex

1.2 academic performance

1.3 course

2. What are the chosen exits of University of San Agustin STEM?

2.1 higher education

a. course

2.2 entrepreneurship

a. type

b. income

2.4 employment

a. status

b. monthly income

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

3. What is the alignment of the University of San Agustin STEM strand to chosen exits, in terms

of:

3.1 sex

3.2 course

3.3. School satisfaction

3.4 academic performance

Significance of the Study

This Tracer study will identify if the Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM) program, under the Senior High School of University of San Agustin is effective

through analyzing the academic performance of the STEM graduates of 2017-2018.

For the students, the Tracer Study will benefit the students who are planning and currently

enrolled on the STEM program of University of San Agustin Senior High School because the

result will show what type of educational strategy is more effective to their learning.

For STEM Graduates, the Tracer study will assist them in determining their current progress

of education by comparing previous track to current courses or activities. Such knowledge can

further assist them in their future career path with consideration to build up skills from the STEM

Strand.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

For the Senior High School Department, the Tracer study will be beneficial to them for the

purpose of having the result of the effectiveness of the current educational strategy to 6the

academic performance of the students. The Senior High School Department will know if the

current educational strategy shall be maintained or needs modification in order to adapt to the

students’ capacity and ability to learn.

For the Department of Education, this Tracer Study will be beneficial to those who serve as

the main beneficiary of the outcome of this study for the future education researchers. Whereas

they will be guided and learn more about the preceding studies about the tracer in the Philippines

Senior High School Curriculum. As a department who coordinates, plans, proposes, and

implements further studies on Philippine Literature, the Department of Education will be able to

come up with more ideas regarding the status of tracer studies in the Philippines.

For future researchers, this Tracer Study will serve as their guide in conducting related

studies that will be more in-depth. Also, for the reason that this research is a tracker that will

provide reliable data that can be used for future research.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Paradigm of the Study

Scope and Delimitation

The Statehood of STEM Graduates at the University of San Augustine" (STEM Graduates) of

the University of San Augustine's 2017-2018 batch in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Mathematics (STEM) strand were the focus of this tracer study. They are the first group of

graduates who experienced the K–12 curriculum in terms of personal characteristics, jobs,

employment information, skill and competency requirements, and work-related experiences in

the latter two years of the K–12 program,grades 11 and 12, which DepEd has been implementing

since 2012.

The government provided funding to support ongoing training and seminars for teachers.

Additionally, the government provided funding for improved education, which would be

researched by academics at the University of San Agustin-by-Gen. Luna in Iloilo City. The

researchers will carry out this tracer study into how well the SHS curriculum enhances STEM

graduates' employability in the academic years 2017–2018. Moreover, the study will cover 50

participants among the graduates of grade 12 STEM students at the University of San Agustin,

school year 2017–2018.

Definition of Terms

To facilitate the understanding of the study, different terms are defined herein.

Statehood. It refers to independence that provides a capacity to enter into relations with other

States. In this study, the tracing of the graduates’ statehood is an attempt to determine whether

the program was successful in meeting the demand for lifelong learners. (Grant, 1998)

Tracer. one that traces, tracks down, or searches out (2023, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated)

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Tracer Studies. It refers to collecting and analyzing data repeatedly over time. For

monitoring and evaluation purposes, tracer studies are designed to track changes at individual

level, following a development intervention.(Intrac, 2017)

Employment. It refers to engaging in any task or undertaking with the purpose of creating

goods or delivering services in exchange for monetary compensation or financial gain (ILO,

2013). As used in this study, it pertains to the status of senior high school STEM graduates who

are actively engaged in paid work or self-employment within a specified tracking period

following their graduation

Academic Performance. It refers to the knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a

teacher and/or educational goals set by students and teachers to be achieved over a specific

period of time (Narad and Abdullah, 2016). Operationally, it pertains to the assessment of

students' grades, achievements, or academic standing in STEM-related subjects or courses during

their tenure in the program.

Higher Education. It refers to post-secondary studies, training, and research programs

offered by approved universities and educational institutions (UNESCO, 1997). It is

operationally defined as the pursuit of formal post-secondary education in universities, colleges,

or vocational institutions after completing the Senior High School program in the STEM strand.

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 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Entrepreneurship. It refers to the process of recognizing, uncovering, and leveraging

opportunities to create value (Hisrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D., 2017). It is operationally

defined as the engagement in entrepreneurial activities by the Senior High School graduates,

including the establishment of their own businesses or ventures, involvement in entrepreneurial

projects, or participation in entrepreneurship-related programs or initiatives.

School Satisfaction. It refers to a student's subjective cognitive appraisal of the quality of his

or her school life (Baker & Maupin, 2009). Operationally, it refers to the level of contentment

and fulfillment experienced by the Senior High School graduates in relation to their educational

experience at The University of San Agustin's STEM program.

Income. It refers to athe total amount of monetary earnings generated by the Senior High

School graduates in their chosen occupation or entrepreneurial endeavors.

Course. In this study, it refers to the specific field of study or academic program pursued by

the Senior High School graduates in their higher education journey, and it is measured by

identifying the name or title of the degree or program they enrolled in.

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 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related literature discusses the concepts on how this study came to be. The coverage of this

review would range on the variables of the study specifically it would cover the profile of the

STEM graduates, the graduates’ chosen exits, and the alignment of the graduates’ chosen exits to

the Senior High School (SHS) STEM strand.

Review of Related Literature

On the Graduates Profile

A graduate profile is a document that a school or district uses to specify the cognitive,

personal, and interpersonal competencies that students should have when they graduate (Kay,

2017). The profile of graduates is a crucial factor in assessing the impact of Senior High School

(SHS) on the quality of graduates who enter college, the world of work, or entrepreneurship.

According to a study by Alonzo and Narisma (2019), the SHS program is designed to produce

graduates who possess the necessary competencies and skills for various career paths. The

profile of graduates is used as a variable in identifying the statehood of the graduates because it

provides important information about their skills, knowledge, and abilities, which can be used to

assess their readiness to enter the workforce and contribute to the development of their

community. As noted by Alfonso (2018), "the profile of graduates is crucial in determining the

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

quality of education and training provided by institutions, as well as the level of competitiveness

of graduates in the labor market" (p. 12). The profile of graduates may include information such

as age, sex, and honors received. Age and sex can provide insight into the diversity and

demographics of the graduating class, while honors received can indicate academic achievement.

These factors can be used to determine the statehood of the graduates, as they can be indicators

of the quality and success of the educational institution.

Investigating the long-term career trajectories of graduates and how their profiles contribute

to career advancement, job,x. M satisfaction, and overall statehood over time would provide a

more comprehensive understanding of the impact of their profiles (ACT, 2009). To effectively

communicate and emphasize the importance of academics and career planning, the university

can highlight the characteristics of successful college students, such as their levels of academic

preparation and the influence of their career goals. According to Kay (2017), the profile, which

includes agreed-upon goals and norms for students' learning, has a broader impact beyond just

setting expectations. It has the potential to drive transformative changes in various aspects of the

education system, including individuals (such as students and teachers), systems (such as

curriculum and assessment frameworks), structures (such as school organization and support

services), and processes (such as teaching methodologies and administrative procedures). In

essence, the profile can serve as a catalyst for positive educational reforms that improve student

learning outcomes at a school or district level.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

On the Chosen Exits of the Graduates

The chosen exits of graduates refer to "the career paths that graduates have decided to pursue

after completing their studies" (Lee & Choi, 2019, p. 24). According to a study by Quintos et al.

(2020), the statehood of graduates can be determined by their chosen exits as it reflects the level

of success they have attained in their respective fields. For instance, graduates who have secured

high-paying jobs or have started their own successful businesses are likely to have higher

statehood compared to those who are unemployed or underemployed. In other words, the chosen

exits of graduates can serve as an indicator of their economic and social status in the society.

The chosen exits of SHS graduates, whether they enter college, the world of work, or

entrepreneurship, can determine the impact of SHS on the quality of graduates. According to a

study by Mamauag, et al. (2020), the type of exit chosen by SHS graduates can affect their

preparedness for college or the workforce. This highlights the importance of aligning the SHS

curriculum and learning delivery systems with the needs of these exits. Furthermore, the chosen

exits of SHS graduates can also provide insights about the reviews or revision of curriculum and

learning delivery systems. As noted by Ocampo and Cabañero-Verzosa (2019), analyzing the

outcomes of SHS graduates can help in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the

curriculum and delivery systems. This data can then inform the necessary revisions to improve

the quality of education. In terms of determining the statehood of graduates, the chosen exits can

also be a factor. According to a study by De Vera and Santos (2018), SHS graduates who enter

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

the world of work can contribute to the economy and the development of their communities. On

the other hand, those who pursue entrepreneurship can create job opportunities for others. This

highlights the importance of providing SHS graduates with the necessary skills and knowledge to

succeed in their chosen fields.

On the Alignment of the Graduates Chosen Exits to the Senior High School (SHS) STEM

Strand

Alignment refers to the match between the graduates' chosen strand and their future education

or occupation (Adorna et al., 2021). The alignment of the graduates' chosen exits to a Senior

High School (SHS) strand can be a crucial factor in determining their statehood in a tracer study.

According to a study by Adorna et al. (2021), the alignment of graduates' preferred exits to their

respective SHS strand can influence their readiness for further education or employment

opportunities.

The alignment of graduates' chosen exits to the SHS strand can significantly impact the

quality of graduates in terms of their readiness for college, the workforce, or entrepreneurship. A

study by Mendoza et al. (2019) found that graduates who aligned their chosen exits with their

career goals were more likely to succeed in their chosen paths. This highlights the importance of

providing students with career guidance and aligning the SHS curriculum with the needs of the

industry (Mendoza et al., 2019). Furthermore, the chosen exits can also provide insights into the

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

effectiveness of the curriculum and learning delivery systems. As noted by De Vera (2017), the

chosen exits can serve as indicators of whether the curriculum and learning delivery systems

have adequately prepared students for their chosen paths. In terms of the statehood of graduates,

the chosen exits can determine whether graduates are equipped with the necessary skills and

competencies to contribute to the development of their communities and the nation. According to

Abarro (2018), the SHS curriculum should incorporate civic education and community

engagement to develop graduates who are not only academically competent but also socially

responsible. Also, according to Nyamwange (2016), individuals should thoroughly assess the

available career options in relation to their personal interests when making career decisions. It is

advisable to choose a career that aligns with one's interests. Those already in careers that don't

match their interests should explore opportunities to enhance their career paths by pursuing

courses that can eventually lead them into fields they find interesting. It is important to

encourage individuals to make career choices in areas where they have or can easily acquire

knowledge, skills, and interest, as this is likely to enhance productivity when individuals are

engaged in work they find interesting.

Related Studies

The review of the related studies serve as the basis of the analysis of results, since it enables

the researcher to compare and contrast their findings with those of past studies. With this, the

results of a particular study are verified by similar findings or negated by different findings of

previous researchers.

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 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

In the study conducted by Padios, A., et al. (2021) entitled, “Strand and Statehood Predictors

of Senior High School Graduates: A Tracer Study” which aims to determine the profiles and the

statehood of Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT) SHS graduates from 2018 to 2019

and the factors explaining their statehood. The researchers also determined the alignment of

respondents ‟SHS strands to their college courses and the absorption rate of the college. The

study employed a descriptive-correlational research design through a survey questionnaire which

is composed of six parts to collect data from selected students. The researchers used descriptive

for problems number one to four and correlational for the fifth problem. The study revealed that

if the graduates had not stopped studying, they would have been of the appropriate age.The

number of female graduates is equal to the number of male graduates, which demonstrates

gender fairness in the study area. It was also revealed that students consider the factors after

graduation in choosing their strands in senior high school. The graduates perceived higher

education as a way to strengthen their abilities in senior high school, and only a small percentage

of the graduates pursue entrepreneurial activity. This shows that students in higher education

continue to value obtaining degree units. The data showed that ASCOT absorption rate is strong,

however only half of the studying graduates are pursuing degrees related to their SHS strand.

Though the participants from all strands such as TVL, ABM, STEM, and HUMSS were included

in the study, our study found similarities in this study regarding studying graduates who are

taking degrees aligned to their SHS strands, their educational attainment, age, and gender. We

also found similarities to our current study regarding the chosen exits of the graduates of their

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

study which conclude that most of the graduates of ASCOT pursued higher education as their

chosen exits and only few who had taken on entrepreneurial activities. Padios, A., et al. (2021)

A similar study done by Awi, et. al. (2022) entitled "WHAT NOW? THE SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL GRADUATES’ CURRICULUM EXIT" aimed to determine the chosen exits of the

three batches of the SHS graduates of Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Manila and explored their

experiences in their senior high school education to determine the quality of education is related

to the present study because both aimed to determine the chosen exits from first batch senior

high school graduates which include their higher education, entrepreneurship, and employment.

The difference lies in the respondents of the study since the article had respondents from all

strands while the present study has only STEM graduates as respondents.

Another study that was conducted in Philippines entitled, “Senior High School Graduates

Tracer Study (GTS): Basis For a Proposed Learner’s Work Immersion Plan” aims to determine

the employment profile of Senior High School graduates of Sulivan National High School

for 2017-2018 to serve as input for learners’ work immersion plan of the school. The researcher

also aimed to determine the careers they have chosen, and their careers at the time of the study,

and if they are still in line with the industry of their choice during their SHS years.The study

employed a descriptive research method through a survey questionnaire to collect data from the

total of 20 SHS graduates from Sulivan National High School in SY 2017-2018. The results of

the study showed that only around half of the first batch of Sulivan NHS SHS graduates are

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

currently working and some did not immediately join the workforce 100%. Thirty percent chose

to continue their study in college, while 20% were unemployed and did not seek tertiary

education. This study concludes that completing a certain SHS track strand does not ensure that

the student will continue on the same career path after SHS. (Liwanag, 2021)

Synthesis

The synthesis collects data from several distinct but related study employability

characteristics of teacher preparation program graduates from the classes of 2013 to 2017. The

values and abilities that are most useful in the business are those that revolve on self-assurance,

interpersonal relationships, and communication. It has been shown that the learning areas most

directly related to graduates' employment are general education and teaching practicum. The

results show that the majority of respondents were employed locally and had regular or

permanent job status.

The primary objective of any higher education institution (HEI) should be to produce

exceptional graduates who are prepared to enter the local and global labor market and contribute

to the long-term growth of the country. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority's 2019

statistics, graduates should be prepared to enter the local and global job market and contribute to

the long-term growth of the country (PSA). Despite significant efforts by local governments and

international development organizations to decrease it, the worldwide graduate unemployment

rate is still worse.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

SHS graduates from Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT) in 2018 and 2019. There

are as many female graduates as there are male grads. Only a small portion of graduates engage

in entrepreneurship. Although ASCOT has a high retention rate, only 50% of studying graduates

are pursuing degrees in their SHS stream. Although participants from all strands, including TVL,

ABM, STEM, and HUMSS, were included in the study, Padios, A., et al. (2021) discovered that

the educational attainment, age, and gender of graduates who are pursuing degrees that are

associated with their SHS strands were comparable in this study.

The three batches of SHS graduates from Colegio de San Juan de Letran—selected Manila's

exits. The research's respondents differ from the article's in that only STEM graduates

participated in the current survey, whereas respondents to the earlier study were from all strands.

The results were used to create a report on the data of nursing graduates from UC. The

Commission on Higher Education established the Graduate Tracer Tool (GTT). Over two thirds

of respondents had jobs related to the college course they had selected, and more than half of

respondents obtained employment within a year to six months. All batches of nursing graduates

from the University of Cebu Lapulapu and Mandaue (UCLM) College of Nursing from 2007 to

2014 were evaluated for job data and their current work status.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the theory of Lent et al. (1994) and Fishbein and Ajzen (1975). The

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Lent et al. is based on the principles of social

cognitive theory and the concept of self-efficacy proposed by Albert Bandura. Bandura’s

principles emphasize the role of cognitive processes, observational learning, and individuals'

beliefs in their abilities to influence their behavior and achieve desired outcomes (Bandura,

1997). SCCT emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as self-efficacy beliefs, outcome

expectations, personal goals, and contextual factors, in shaping individuals' career choices,

actions, and persistence. According to SCCT, individuals develop their career interests and goals

through a process of self-observation, self-evaluation, and social comparison. They form

self-efficacy beliefs, which are their beliefs in their capabilities to successfully perform tasks and

overcome challenges in specific career domains. These self-efficacy beliefs, along with outcome

expectations (anticipated consequences of career choices), influence individuals' career

decision-making and actions. (Lent et al., 1994)

While the Expectancy-Value Theory by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen focuses on

individuals' beliefs about the expected outcomes of their actions and the subjective value they

place on those outcomes. According to the theory, individuals' decision-making and subsequent

engagement in activities are influenced by their expectations of success and the perceived

importance or value they assign to a specific domain. The theory suggests that individuals are

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

more likely to pursue activities or goals in which they have a higher expectation of success and

perceive greater personal value. By incorporating elements of cognitive processes, attitudes, and

motivational factors, the Expectancy-Value Theory offers valuable insights into how individuals'

beliefs and values impact their behavioral choices, performance levels, and overall achievement.

(Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). It is frequently used to explain student motivation, academic

achievement, and career choices. It helps researchers and educators understand why students

choose certain academic tasks, persist in their efforts, and make decisions related to their

educational paths (Loh, 2019).

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter of the study presents the research design, research instrument, the procedure, and

statistical tools used to analyze the data gathered.

Research Design

This study employed a descriptive survey approach to gather data and assess the current state

and characteristics of senior high school students in the STEM strand, as well as evaluate the

outcome and effectiveness of the SHS program for STEM students. Descriptive research entails

collecting data that provide a description of events or phenomena, followed by organizing,

tabulating, depicting, and describing the gathered data (Glass & Hopkins, 1984).

Johnson and Christensen (2014) defines a descriptive survey as a research method that aims

to gather information and describe the characteristics, opinions, or behaviors of a specific

population or sample. It involves collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, or

observations and analyzing the responses to provide a comprehensive and detailed description of

the research topic.

Procedural Design

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

In order to accumulate the data from the chosen respondents along with the analysis of its

outcomes, the researchers will proceed accordingly after careful deliberation of the survey

questionnaire to be distributed. The procedural design to be used is utilized by most research,

focusing primarily on accumulating data containing information relative to the tracker study.

Before proceeding with the data gathering, the researchers formulated questions in relation to the

presented statement of the problem, involving the profile of the respondents from the University

of San Agustin STEM Strand, the graduate’s chosen exits, and their alignment with their chosen

exits. After the formulation of questions in the survey, the researchers will then continue with

the data accumulation through distributing the questionnaires and the respondents’ answers. The

research questionnaires will be distributed through online platforms - Google Forms for a more

convenient method. The data gathered will undergo thematic analysis by the researchers for

analysis of outcomes.

Context and Participants

Stratified random sampling will be used by the researchers in selecting the participants. In

stratified sampling, researchers divide subjects into subgroups called strata based on

characteristics that they share (e.g., race, gender, educational attainment). Once divided, each

subgroup is randomly sampled using another probability sampling method.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

The researchers will select 50 Senior High School STEM graduates of University of San Agustin

from the 2017-2018 school year to serve as the respondents of the study. The researchers will

access and contact the participants through the Senior High School office and will be asking for

their contact information and also their email if possible. Google forms will be used as a

platform to conduct our survey.

Research Instruments

A questionnaire consisting of quantitative questions was developed after studying the

literature on graduate tracer studies. To ensure that all the objectives of the study were met, the

questionnaire encompassed sections targeting the profile of University of San Agustin STEM

students, encompassing variables such as sex, course, school satisfaction, and academic

performance, as well as the chosen exits for graduates, including higher education,

entrepreneurship, and employment, while also examining the alignment of the University of San

Agustin STEM strand with chosen exits, sex, course, school satisfaction, and academic

performance, in order to fulfill the study's objectives.

Data collection for the study involved the utilization of a survey questionnaire, which aimed

to gather essential information including the students' profiles, their chosen paths after senior

high school (higher education, entrepreneurship, income, employment), and the relationship

between the STEM strand and their chosen paths. The researchers employed a Google Form as

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

the survey tool for data collection, allowing respondents to complete the questionnaire

electronically using online format.

Data Collection and Procedures

Here are the steps described for acquiring the data needed for the study.

1. The researchers shall get permission first from the University of San Agustin to obtain

the list of the SHS graduates batch 2017-2018 and their respective contact number and/or

email accounts. This is where the samples will be selected to be the respondents of the

study. A permission to conduct the data collection will also be requested from the

concerned official of the school.

2. The researchers shall first seek permission to the respondents before the questionnaires

will be answered by them. Also the instructions were put on it and supplementary

instructions were supplied to the responders.

3. The questionnaires will be distributed to the selected samples by the use of Google Forms

through email and messenger since it is quite possible that the respondents are difficult to

locate by the researchers because some might have no contacts to the outside world.

4. A questionnaire will be created consisting of a set of questions that will be formulated by

the proponents of the study that sought to determine the statehood of the STEM students

at the University of San Agustin during the academic year 2017-2018. Specifically, these

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

questions are based on the previous studies that were generated in order to achieve the

same objective.

5. The respondents' responses will be automatically recorded by Google Forms. The

questionnaires and the data will be gathered, tallied, and processed to give answers to the

predetermined study goals.

Data Analysis

The data will be gathered, reviewed, and then examined using Thematic Analysis, which

emphasizes analyzing and transcription in interviews. It's helpful for learning about other

cultures, claims Warren (2020) individuals' perspectives, experiences, and attitudes, which is

why the researchers opted for this data analysis technique.

This also uses the six step process of the thematic analysis outlined by Braun and Clarke

(2006). With thematic analysis, the researchers will analyze and collect the feedback of the

respondents from the STEM graduates of the school year 2017-2018 without needing a detailed

theoretical and technological knowledge of other qualitative approaches. Thematic Analysis is

required for a tracer study because the researchers are gathering and collecting data and

transcribing them.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Statistical Treatment

To answer the statement of the problems, the percentage was used as the appropriate statistical

tool.

1. Percentages. According to Petter (2023), the percentage is a way to transform

unprocessed data into something comprehensible. This procedure is crucial because it

enables firms to base their decisions on client input more effectively.

Formula: Percentage = F/N x 100%

Where: F – frequency

N – population

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

CHAPTER 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data obtained in the

study.

Results and Discussion

The profile of the respondents from the total population of 90 are as follows; 49 male and 41

female. 74 pursuing college, 7 employed, 9 self-employed. In terms of their academic

performance during SHS, 49 are outstanding, 32 who are satisfactory, 4 fairly satisfactory and 5

who did not meet the expectations of the curriculum. In terms of the respondents course and jobs'

alignment, 68 have jobs that are STEM related and 6 who are not. 3 are employed locally and 4

are employed in a foreign country.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

In accordance with how long it took for the respondents before they got their first job, 4 who

took less than 6 months, 2 who took 1-2 years, and 1 who took more than 2 years. Lastly, in

regards to the salary of those who are employed, 2 has a ₱1000-₱10,000 monthly income, 2 who

has ₱10,000-₱20,000, 1 who has ₱20,000-₱30,000, 1 who has a 40, ₱40,000-₱50,000 and 2 who

has ₱50,000 above.

Table I shows a gender breakdown of the student respondents who took part in the survey or

study can be found in the data shown in Table 1, which can be seen below. 49 of the total 90

respondents are male, which accounts for 54.4% of the total, and 41 of the respondents are

female, which accounts for 45.6%.

This indicates that the bulk of the people who responded to this survey were men, since they

made up more than fifty percent of the total, and females made up slightly less than half of the

total respondents. In spite of this, it is important to keep in mind that the overall sample size is

relatively average, with only 90 respondents, and any conclusions that are derived from this data

should be tempered by the understanding that this limitation exists.

Table 1. Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Their Sex

Profile of the Graduates f %

Sex
Male 49 54.4%
Female 41 45.6%

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

TOTAL 90 100%

Depending on the research issue at hand and the overall setting of the study, the gender

breakdown of the students who participated in the study may or may not be an essential factor.

For instance, if the research question relates to gender disparities or concerns that are connected

to gender, having a balanced gender distribution of respondents might give a more in-depth

knowledge of the subject matter. Additionally, research has demonstrated that the gender

distribution of academics may affect citation patterns and publishing patterns. According to

Dion, Sumner, and Mitchell (2018), female scholars are more likely to reference research

conducted by their female colleagues, and a systemic gender imbalance continues to exist in

certain sectors.

Table II presents the profile of the respondents based on the results when grouped on their

status after graduating from senior high school. There are three indicators; pursuing college;

employed; and self-employed. The indicator "pursuing college" possesses the highest votes with

82.2% of the respondents saying that they will be pursuing college after graduating senior high.

On the other hand, the indicator "self-employed" possesses the lowest votes with only 3.3% or

nine of the respondents saying that they will be self-employed after graduating senior high.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

This only indicates that the majority of the people who responded to this survey were eager to

finish with a college degree before being employed considering that more than 80% of the

respondents voted for this indicator.

Table 2. Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Their Chosen Course

Profile of the Graduates f %

Chosen Course
Pursuing College 74 82.2%
Employed 7 7.8%
Self-Employed 3 3.3%
Current Status 6 5.7%
TOTAL 90 100%

Regardless of this, there are still people who want to be employed after senior high school.

Since the students who responded to the survey began thinking of their future after graduation,

this data indicates that most of them decided to still continue pursuing college, rather than getting

employed, regardless of the opportunities that can be given even with only the SHS diploma.

This merely shows the students’ eagerness to either pursue a college degree or earn money at an

early age. Nevertheless, choosing from the two, either to study or be employed, will still give the

individual a good result, as long as these individuals have made the best decisions after several

consideration and careful analysis of their situation.

The following are some factors which affect the students’ decisions with regards to

continuing to college or getting employed: being in good health; being financially stable; where

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

they can earn more money; being able to spend more time; being able to do something you are

more passionate about; and continually learn and grow personally. Study also revealed the

reasons why the graduating students will not continue to college. The reasons included in the

study are stress, expenses, consideration of the money to be earned from employment, family

obligations, satisfaction, indecisiveness, and the pandemic (Bryant, 2022). Having factors to

consider before making a good decision will leave an individual with no regret due to the fact

that it was thought thoroughly and was decided after careful consideration and analysis of the

situation.

Table III shows the data of the profile of the respondents based on their academic

performances during senior high school. There are five indicators, the following are: outstanding;

very satisfactory ; satisfactory; fairly satisfactory ; and did not meet the expectations. The

indicator "outstanding" possesses the highest votes with 54.7% of the respondents, which is 49

individuals. While the indicator with the lowest votes is the "fairly satisfactory" with 4.4% or

only 4 individuals.

The available information merely suggests that the vast majority of students enrolled in senior

year of high school have outstanding and excellent performance in school.

Table 3. Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Their Academic Performance

Profile of the Graduates f %

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Academic Performance
Outstanding 49 54.7%
Very Satisfactory 15 16.7%
Satisfactory 17 18.4%
Fairly Satisfactory 4 4.4%
Did not meet expectations 5 5.6%
TOTAL 90 100%

Despite everything, there are still individuals who are having trouble when they are in their

final year of high school. This may be supported by the data which shows that there are four

individuals whose academic achievement is quite decent and there are five individuals whose

performance did not meet the expectations in any way. Thus, these individuals are making

significant efforts and sacrifices to keep their academic performances good for college and

employment.

Stress and motivation are two characteristics that might affect academic performance, which is

influenced by a number of different circumstances. It is a vital component for individuals who

are about to enter their final year of high school since they are getting closer to entering college

and because greater academic achievement results in better possibilities in life (Tus, 2020).

Table 4. Chosen Exits of the Respondents According to the Courses Being Related to STEM or
Not
Chosen Exits f %

Higher Education
STEM related 68 91.9%
Non STEM related 6 8.1%

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

TOTAL 74 100%

The 4th table shows whether the courses of the respondents were STEM related. 91.9% of the

respondents have courses that are related to STEM and there are 8.1% who have courses who are

not related.

Table 5 shows the data of the profile of the respondents based on the results according to

their place of employment. There are two indicators, the following are: employed locally; and

employed in a foreign country. The indicator "employed in a foreign country" possesses the

highest votes with 57.1% of the respondents. While the indicator with the lowest votes is the

"employed locally" with 42.9% of the total respondents.

According to the information shown in the table, more than half of the respondents had the

desire and intention of finding employment in another nation, while less than half of them would

like to find employment locally. Simply looking at these numbers demonstrated conclusively that

individuals have a strong preference for living in nations that are not their own. Regardless, this

decision and choice were arrived at after taking into account a number of different aspects, such

as the amount of income available and the number of possibilities for future employment.

Table 5. Chosen Exits of the Respondents According to Their Place of Employment

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Chosen Exits f %

Employment
Employed locally 3 42.9%
Employed in a foreign country 4 57.1%
TOTAL 7 100%

It's a risk to go abroad and work, but people are willing to take the risk and look for

motivation to pursue their career abroad. According to Vista Land International Marketing Inc.,

the main reason why individuals go abroad is for better career opportunities. Unlike in the

Philippines where there is a limited number of jobs, there are more job openings and

opportunities abroad, which means that an individual will likely find more vacancies and

opportunities once they go out of the country. In addition to these opportunities is a higher salary

compared to what the country can offer (October 2021). These people with professions risk their

life, reputation, and even their health just to provide quality products, services, and work that

benefits the people and provide an easier lifestyle for them. Therefore, these people deserve to be

paid and recognized for their hard work and dedication to their job.

Table 6 shows the data of the profile of the respondents that shows how long it took before

they landed their first job. There are four indicators, the following are: less than 6 months; 6

months to 1 year; 1 year to 2 years; more than two years. The indicator "less than 6 months"

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

possesses the highest votes with 57.1% of the respondents. While the indicator with the lowest

votes is "6 months to one year" with no votes from the total respondents.

Table 6. Time Duration it Took For the Respondents to Secure Their First Job After Completing
Their College Education.
Chosen Exits f %

Less than 6 months

6 months to 1 year 4 57.1%
1 year to 2 years 0 0%
More than 2 years 2 28.6%
TOTAL 1 14.3%
7 100%

The table 6 provides an estimate of the speed with which a person may get employed for the

first time. According to the findings, more than half of the people who participated in the survey

would find work within a period of less than six months. While the remaining respondents

estimate that it will take them more than a year before they are able to find work, regardless of

whether it is in their own country or elsewhere. As a result, it is clear from the statistics that it

will not be difficult for the vast majority of participants to find employment.

Table 7. Range Salary of the Respondents According to Their Employment

f %

Employment income
₱ 1,000- ₱10,000 2 28.6%

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

₱10,001-₱20,000 2 28.6%
₱20,001-₱30,000 1 14.3%
₱30,001-₱40,000 0 0%
₱40,001-₱50,000 1 14.3%
₱50,000 above 2 28.6%
TOTAL 8

Lastly, the 8th table shows the respondents' thoughts on how the SHS curriculum helped them

get to where they are today and how it developed their knowledge and skills. The majority were

satisfied with the SHS curriculum, 38 responded Very Satisfied, 29 were satisfied, 19 were

neutral, and only 4 responded that they were dissatisfied.

According to the data recorded with the 90 participants, 82.2% of the respondents still

continued pursuing their college degree with 68 of them having their courses related to STEM

and 6 who are not. 11.1% were employed and self-employed who landed a job less than 3 years

after graduating from SHS and also having a fair amount of monthly salary. The majority rated

themselves outstanding and satisfactory in their academic performance as a SHS STEM student

and out of all the 90 respondents, 67 of them were satisfied with the SHS curriculum which make

up 74.4% of the chart, 19 were neutral, and only 2 were dissatisfied.

Table 8. Respondents' Rating of the Influence of the SHS Curriculum on Their Knowledge and
Skills
f %

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 University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

Very Satisfied 38 42.2%

Satisfied 29 32.2%
Neutral 19 21.1%
Dissatisfied 4 4.4%
TOTAL 90 100%

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

With the data results showing that out of the 90 participants, 82.2% of the respondents

were still pursuing their college degrees, with 68 of them taking STEM-related classes and the

other six not. Less than three years after graduating from SHS, 11.1% of employed and

self-employed individuals found work and earned a respectable monthly pay. The majority of

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

SHS STEM students assessed their academic performance as outstanding and satisfactory, and of

the 90 respondents, 67 of them were happy with the SHS curriculum, making up 74.4% of the

chart. Only two respondents were unsatisfied. According to BusinessMirror (2022), If students

choose to work after SHS, the SHS curriculum equips them with the required abilities and

information to be quickly employable and that students will have the option of enrolling in

entrepreneurship classes in addition to the academic and technical courses available in senior

high school, giving them the training they will need to launch enterprises after graduation. More

importantly, STEM education encompasses more than just the standard academic topics. It

provides a skill set that controls our thoughts and actions. STEM education, which combines

science, technology, engineering, and math, aids in resolving the problems that the world is

currently facing. In conclusion, this shows how well the SHS curriculum prepared them for the

courses and occupations they subsequently pursued, therefore concluding that the curriculum

was effective for them.

Recommendations

With the aforementioned conclusion, it is recommended that the University of San Agustin

expands the range of subjects beyond General Mathematics, Calculus, and Physics to include

more courses aligned with STEM. This will provide a comprehensive preparation for future

college or employment opportunities. For future researchers, it is recommended to highlight

areas for program improvement, such as teaching methods, curriculum content, or industry

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
General Luna Street, Iloilo City

partnerships. These enhancements will contribute to enhancing the program's effectiveness and

better preparing students for their future endeavors.

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General Luna Street, Iloilo City

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