WORK PAPER

“ARGUMENTATIVE AND PERSUASIVE ESSAY”

Arranged to fulfill the Assignment for the Advance Writing Course

Supporting Lecturer

Dr. Utami Dewi, S.Pd, M.Hum

Arranged By :

Group 3 TBI-3 Sem IV

Eby Delyani Sitompul (0304213052)

Najah Athirah (0304213081)

Pardamean (0304213076)

Ramadhan Solin (0304213047)

Tara Arini (0304213056)

Tiara Dwi Lestari (0304213050)

Winda Aulia (0304213073)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING

ISLAMIC STATE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

2023
 PREFACE

‫الر ِحيم‬ َّ ‫بِ ْس ِم اللَّ ِه‬

َّ ‫الر ْح َم ِن‬

Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, first of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of

Allah, writers finished the paper entitled "Argumentative and Persuasive Essay" right in the
calculated time. The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Maam
Utami Dewi, S.Pd, M.Hum , as lecturer in Advance Writing subject. In arranging this paper, the
writers truly get lots challenges and obstructions but with help of many individuals, those
obstructions could pass. Writers also realized that there are still many mistakes in process of
writing this paper.

Because of that, the writers say thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of
writing this paper. Hopefully, Allah replies all helps and blesses you all. The writers realized that
this paper still imperfect in arrangement and the content. Then, the writers hope the criticism
from the readers can help the writers in perfecting the next paper. Last but not the least,
hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about Advance Writing
subject.

Medan, 26 th March 2023

Group 3
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE........................................................................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENT...................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER I.....................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
a. Background of study.............................................................................................................4
b. Problem Formulation............................................................................................................4
c. Purpose.................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II...................................................................................................................................5
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................5
A. The Definition of Persuasive and Argumentative Essay..................................................5
B. The Differences between Persuasive and Argumentative Essay......................................5
C. The Types of Persuasive and Argumentative Essay.........................................................6
D. Characteristics of Argumentative and Persuasive Essay..................................................9
E. How Is An Argumentative Essay Structure....................................................................10
F. How to Write Persuasive/Argumentative Essay.............................................................11
CHAPTER III................................................................................................................................15
CLOSING......................................................................................................................................15
a. CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................15
b. SUGGESTION.......................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of study

Essay is a useful technique for conveying the author's expression through write. This often
includes formal and academic standards, which describe ways significant to the essay. In pouring
all the concepts requires different ideas, words, and thoughts. Everyone works together in the
essay. The essay contains 10 different varieties, each serving a specific purpose. Individuals must
be sure of the type essay they will use. Depending on what they want to write about, it always
varies. When children start to write, what obstacles to avoid. Most essays follow strict guidelines
which corresponds to nature. To help them differentiate between the different types, all of them
have linguistic characteristics. They also already understand the contrast function. This paper
will explain how to write an argumentative and persuasive essay. it is for use linguistic tools in
inventive ways. It has a unique demonstration method and extraordinary than others. This type of
essay is to express our opinion or views on something

B. Problem Formulation

1. The Definition of Persuasive and Argumentative Essay

2. The Differences between Persuasive and Argumentative Essay
3. The Types of Persuasive and Argumentative Essay
4. Characteristics of Argumentative and Persuasive Essay
5. Example An Argumentative and Persuasive

C. Purpose

1. Understand the definition and characteristics of argumentative and persuasive essays

2. Know and understand the steps to writing argumentative and persuasive essays
3. Understand examples of argumentative and persuasive essay writing.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

D. The Definition of Persuasive and Argumentative Essay

A persuasive essay is a piece of writing that attempts to convince the readers to agree with
author’s ideas. In this type of essay, the writer can use his own ideas, opinions and evoke the
emotions in the reader in order to convince them to agree to his opinion. A writer of a persuasive
essay needs to do research, gather evidence, but a clever writer can create a successful essay
without knowing much. But in persuasive writing, the writer should have certain awareness
about the audience. For example, opinions and ideas that could appeal to teenagers may not have
the same effect on adults. First person narration and Second person narration (Ex: In my opinion,
I believe, etc.,) are commonly used as the writer is addressing the audience directly.

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that attempts to convince the readers that the
author’s idea is true. This is a genre of writing that is used to defend or prove a point. A writer
should do a thorough research; gather accurate facts and figures before writing an argumentative
essay. This is more like a debate written on paper. While writing an argumentative essay, a
writer should be aware of both pros and cons of the argument, and should try to discredit the
opposing view by using evidence.

According to Ramadhan (2019) Argumentative essay is a form of writing, which the writer
argues for a certain idea and try to persuade readers to adopt the writer’s point of view. An
argumentative essay is another type of essay writing. Like the other type of essay and writing
already discussed. An argumentative essay has its characteristics. It is concerned with the
reasoning ability of the writer to present an issue logically with the main view. Usually, two
people are involved in an argumentative essay with their arguments based on his/her point of
view. There are two sides to the coin in an argumentative essay; pros and cons what is referred to
as arguing.

E. The Differences between Persuasive and Argumentative Essay

 As discussed before, Goal of argumentative essay to get reader to acknowledge that your side
is valid and deserves consideration as another point of view and Goal of persuasive essay to get
reader to agree with you/your point of view on a particular topic. General technique of
argumentative writing is Offers the reader relevant reasons, credible facts, and sufficient
evidence to support that the writer has a valid and worthy perspective while General technique of
persuasive writing is Blends facts and emotion in attempt to convince the reader that the writer is
“right.”(Often relies heavily on opinion). In other words, an argumentative essay is based on
logic and reasons while a persuasive essay is based on emotions and personal opinions.

Starting point of argumentative writing: Research a topic and then align with one side. And
Starting point of persuasive writing: Identify a topic and your side. Viewpoint used in
argumentative writing is Acknowledge that opposing views exist, not only to hint at what a fair-
minded person you are, but to give you the opportunity to counter these views tactfully in order
to show why you feel that your own view is the more worthy one to hold. Writer presents
multiple perspectives, although is clearly for one side. While Viewpoint used in persuasive
writing: Persuasion has a single-minded goal. It is based on a personal conviction that a
particular way of thinking is the only sensible way to think. Writer presents one side— his side.
(Persuasive writing may include one opposing point, it is then quickly dismissed/refuted.)

Attitude of argumentative writing is Simply to get the reader to consider you have an idea
worthy of listening to. The writer is sharing a conviction, whether the audience ends up agreeing
or not. And Attitude of persuasive writing is Persuasive writers want to gain another “vote” so
they “go after” readers more aggressively. Persuasive writing is more personal, more passionate,
more emotional. When it comes preparations, before writing an argumentative essay, the writer
needs to do a thorough research on the subject but does not need to have the knowledge about the
audience. On the other hand, the writer can write a persuasive essay even without doing much
research, but he should have certain  knowledge about the audience.

F. The Types of Persuasive and Argumentative Essay

A persuasive essay uses rhetorical techniques to convince the reader to accept a particular
viewpoint or take a specific action. It is a popular type of creative writing. Many types of articles
use persuasive techniques because they are effective in short forms like an advertisement or long
forms like an essay. The writer takes a stand—”for” or “against”—on a specific issue and then
elaborates on why they have that opinion. Data, research and anecdotal experience are used to
back up the statement. A successful persuasive essay avoids logical fallacies, like false
equivalencies or unverifiable facts, and addresses alternative viewpoints to refute them.

Here are some techniques that are common in persuasive essays:

 Repetition: Repeating the same message several times makes the reader more likely to
pay attention and remember the message later.
 Storytelling: Readers are more likely to understand messages conveyed through a story
that contextualizes the message through an analogy or an anecdote.
 Rebuttals: You can address the opposing viewpoints by pointing out flaws in their logic,
so the only valid position left is the one you are defending.
 Call to action: You can give the reader a purpose by compelling them to take an action.
This technique is very popular in advertising.

There are three primary types of persuasive techniques. They are ethos, pathos, and logos. 

1. Ethos (or "character")

'' Ethos'~,' in Greek, refers to one's '' character'~.' It is also the etymological root of the
modern word '' ethic'~.' The ethos style of persuasive writing, also called the personal appeal,
taps into the audience's morality, or their sense of right and wrong. When using this method, a
writer attempts to prove their trustworthiness and good character to the audience so that the
readers will agree with and heed the writer's appeal. To gain support, writers will demonstrate
their credibility by drawing attention to their knowledge and experience or their relationship with
the audience. 

2. Pathos (or "experience" or "emotion")

' Pathos'' (which means both '' experience'' and '' emotion'' in Greek) is the etymological root
of the words '' pathetic'' and '' empathy'~.' When a writer employs this type of persuasive writing,
they target readers' emotions. As such, it is often referred to as an emotional appeal. The writer's
goal is to generate a piece of writing that will elicit an intense emotional response, thereby
gaining the audience's attention, trust, and favor. Some of the emotions commonly appealed to in
persuasive writing include fear, guilt, hatred, empathy, and love.

3. Logos (or "reason")

The word '' logic'' stems from the Greek '' logos'~,' which means '' word'~.' Logos writing
attempts to influence readers by using rational arguments and facts. This style of persuasive
writing is enhanced when the facts the author uses are credible and are presented in an honest
way because it is difficult to challenge reliable facts. However, even undeniable facts may be
disregarded if a reader has confirmation bias, which occurs when someone disregards or
manipulates facts to fit in with their own beliefs.

And there are three types of argumentative essay that your instructor may require you to make. 
These are as follows:

1. Classical Argumentative Essay

Developed by Aristotle, a classical argument convinces a reader to look into a specific point of
view.In an argumentative essay, the classical model requires you to look into both sides of an
argument. As you analyze each side, you’ll pick one and use clear authenticity academic and
statistical evidence to prove it right.
A classical argument doesn’t require you to prove if something is factual or otherwise. Instead,
it invites the utilization of authenticity, emotion, time and logic to persuade an audience to agree
with your point of view and accept your side on an issue.

2. Rogerian Argumentative Essay

Named after the famous American psychologist, Carl Rogers, the Rogerian type of argument is
the ideal structure to use if you want to discuss the most controversial subjects.Using this
approach, you can easily discuss sensitive matters and get the audience to agree with or against
your position without creating an environment for hostility.
This type of argument seeks to present an issue in a respectful way and find a compromise
without hurting any person’s emotions.
 3. Toulmin Argumentative Essay

With the Toulmin approach, you’ll break your arguments into claims, backing, rebuttal,
grounds, warrant and qualifier.You’ll start with the primary argument, provide factual evidence
to support the claim, and then link a warrant to the claim in question.
While backing, rebuttal, and qualifier elements aren’t quite common in the Toulmin argument,
it doesn’t mean they aren’t important. You’re free to add them when and if necessary. Do keep in
mind that by using these elements fully, with claim, grounds, and warrant being the most
significant options to focus on, you can easily come up with a well-constructed argument that
your audience will easily agree with.

G. Characteristics of Argumentative and Persuasive Essay

1. Characteristics of Argumentative Essay
An argumentative essay attempts to be highly persuasive and logical. It usually assumes that
the reader disagrees with the writer, but it should be noted that the reader is no less intelligent
than the writer. An argumentative essay should be written objectively and logically.
An argumentative essay has the following characteristics:
Presents and explains the issues or case gives reasons and supports these reason to prove its point
refutes (proves wrong) opposing arguments.
Organizational Pattern:
1. Introduction
First is the introductory paragraph. It introduces the problem and gives the background
information needed for the argument and the thesis statement. A thesis statements is
debatable statement or claim around which the essay will be centered. The purpose of a
thesis statement is to introduce the essay.
2. Body
The body of the essay contains the reasons. Each paragraph talks about one reason. The
reason is included in the topic sentence and is supported by details or materials. These
supporting materials can be examples, statistics, personal experiences, or quotations. The
first sentence of the paragraph should be a topic sentence which presents a reason directly
 related to the thesis statement. Then, evidence supporting this reason should be presented.
Finally, the writer should explain why this piece of evidence supports the original thesis.

3. Conclusion
The conclusion restates the main claim and gives one or two general statements which
exactly summarize the arguments and support the main premise.

2. Characteristics of Persuasive Essay

The purpose is to persuade readers to accept a certain view or to undertake a certain
action. When writing any paper, you should follow these steps. This handout takes you through
all steps in the process of writing a persuasive essay. The purpose to get the reader to accept the
writer’s point of view on the issue posed by the writing prompt. And then, to adopt the writer’s
way of thinking about the issue posed by the writing prompt.
Organizational Pattern:
1. Introduction
o May have a hook or grabber to get the reader’s attention.
o Clearly conveys the writer’s opinion or position on the topic or thesis statement.
2. Body
o Provides evidence to support the writer’s opinion or purpose.
o Evidence will be in the form of facts, reasons, examples, details, etc.
o Effective transitions show how ideas connect.
o May present pros and cons of an argument.
o Anticipates the reader’s questions
3. Conclusion
o Restates the writer’s opinion/position, thesis statement, or focus.
o May summarize the main point included in the body.
o May include a personal comment or call for action.

H. How Is An Argumentative Essay Structure

 An argumentative essay supports a particular viewpoint on a given subject with facts,
figures, and logical reasoning. Typically, they are set up to "build an argument," with a specific
thesis statement, a distinct conclusion, and as much supporting evidence as is required.
Despite the fact that all seven kinds of essays have the same introduction-body-conclusion
format, argumentative essays are more difficult to write because they must include all the
elements of a strong argument. Where would you place a section where you break down
opposing viewpoints to support your own argument, for instance? Prior to your debate? After?
mixed throughout the essay as each new bit of evidence is presented?
The best method to structure an argumentative essay relies on a variety of factors, including
the topic, opposing points of view, and the audience. In reality, three formats—Classical
(Aristotelian), Rogerian, and Toulmin—have become the standard methods for accommodating
various argumentative essay styles.
A solid argumentative essay outline helps you to better organize your ideas and present your
case, regardless of the format or subject. Take some time to plan what you want to say in an
outline before you start writing the essay itself.

I. How to Write Persuasive/Argumentative Essay

Write Persuasive/argumentative essay, that is we have to pay attention and make
guidelines from the structure of the essay. Some of the persuasive/argumentative essay
structures are:
Introduction:
A. Get the reader’s attention with a “hook” or grabber about your topic
B. Provide any background information that your reader will need to understand your
topic.
C. Thesis statement (argument)
Main Body Paragraph 1: First reason to support your argument:
A. Topic sentence explaining your point/reason
B. Possible mention of an opposing view to this point
C. Evidence to back your point
D. Transition
Main Body Paragraph 2: Second reason to support your argument:
 A. Topic sentence explaining your point/reason
B. Possible mention of an opposing view to this point
C. Evidence to back your point
D. Transition
Main Body Paragraph 3: Third reason to support your argument:
A. Topic sentence explaining your point/reason
B. Possible mention of an opposing view to this point
C. Evidence to back your point
D. Transition
Opposing Viewpoint
This paragraph lets the reader know that you have considered opposing points of view
and have a rebuttal to them.
A. Opposing view to your argument
B. Your rebuttal (how your argument is right to counter this opposition)
C. Evidence to back your rebuttal
Conclusion
A. Restate thesis statement (argument)
B. Summary of main reasons to support your argument
C. Finalizing statement about your topic and argument

J. Example An Argumentative and Persuasive

1. Argumentative Essay Example
2. Persuasive Essay Example
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

a. CONCLUSION

In a persuasive essay, you take a position FOR or AGAINST an issue and try to persuade
your reader to side with your argument. The argument must be sound and use reasonable
evidence- such as facts, examples, or quotes- to back up your argument.

b. SUGGESTION

Those the paper that the author can convey. The author realize that in writing this paper there are
still many mistakes and deficiencies. For the reason, it is expected that criticism and suggestion
are built for the author for the perfection of this paper for the better. Hopefully this paper report
can be useful for the readers.
 REFERENCES

Ramadhan, B. (2019). Writing Argumentative Essay: How Far They Can Go? REiLA :
Journal of Research and Innovation in Language, 1(2), 61–67.

Putri,DR and Arimuliani Ahmad. (2022). An Analysis of Students’ Argumentative Essay

Writing Skill of Third Semester of English Language Education-UIR. Jurnal Kependidikan
DISCOVERY, 1(1), 90.

Hasa. (2015). Difference between argumentative and persuasive essay.

https://pediaa.com/difference-between-argumentative-and-persuasive-essay/. Accesed on March
26, 2023.

W,Antony. (2022). What are the different types of argumentative essays?.

https://www.helpforassessment.com/blog/types-of-argumentative-essays/. Accesed on March 26,
2023

Perdue Natalie. (2022). Persuasive writing. https://study.com/learn/lesson/persuasive-writing-

techniques-types.html#:~:text=of%20persuasive%20writing%3F-,The%20three%20types%20of
%20persuasive,ethos%2C%20pathos%2C%20and%20logos. Accessed on March 26, 2023.