HB. No. 50 THE BRUSH oven _“excrTartoN LIMITER_/ MONITOR ‘This Handbook covers the operating, commissioning and simple fault finding procedure forthe Brush Over Excitation Limiter/Monitor. The unit is designed to Limit the maximum excitation available from certain Brush A.V.R. Issue August 1975 9 reer sooetev BRUSH ELECTRICAL MACHINES LIMITEDPREFACE The purpose of this Instruction Manual is to describe the operation and maintenence of the electrical equipment. supplied on this contract. Before any commissioning or checking of the equipment is carried out, the book should be studied so that a complete understanding of the operation of the equipment is obtained, ‘THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE GIVEN FOR INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE AND THE OOMPANY CANNOT ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY EITHER FOR ‘THE MANNER IN WHICH THEY ARE OBSERVED OR FOR ANY CONSEQUENCE THEREOF, ALL enquirles for spare parts or servicing should be directed to Spares & Repairs Dept. or Erection & Service Dept. respectively, at the following address:~ Brush Electrical Machines Ltd, , P.O, Box 18, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LEN) 1HJ ‘Telephone: Loughborough 63151 Telex: 341091 Any technical queries or requests for further information should be directed to either our Commercial Department. at Loughborough or the nearest Branch Office in the U.K, In the case of installations outside the U.K., the Agent who supplied the equipment, or the nearest Company of the Hawker Siddeley Group, (whichever is the more convenient) should be contacted when equipment is to be returned for repair or spare parts are required, In any correspondence or enquiry please quote ALL the information on the rating plates, HAWKER SIDDELEY BRUSH ELECTRICAL MACHINES LTD2. 3 4, 5. 6. 8 9a) 9.(b) 10, ne 12, CONTENTS Introduction General Description Specification ‘Technical Description of Operation Examples of Limiter Performance Use As.An Over Excitation Monitor Commissioning Fault Finding Procedure Example Of Use Of-The Over Excitation Limiter With The P.E.A.V.R. Example of Use of The Over Excitation Limiter with the H.7,T.D.E.S. Recommended Spares Differential Facility Schematic Diagram/Components List. Page No. 1 1 2-5 3-5 5-6 6 6-12 12-15 16 7 7 18 19INTRODUCTION The Brush Over Excitation Limiter/Monitor is a printed circuit assembly which, when used in conjunction with certain Brush A.V.R.'s will Limit the maximum excitation available from the A.V.R. to a preset level by providing the A.V.R. with an additional control current signal. It incorporates an integrating time delay and a relay output signal is given when the limiter begins to operate. Use of the time delay and relay output signal alone enable the unit to be used as an over excitation monitor, GENERAL DESCRIPTION ‘The unit has heen designed primarily to Limit the A.V.R. output current to a pre-set level, thus preventing damage to the alternator field or excitation equipment under certain machine operating conditions. The unit detects current by sensing a voltage proportional to current derived from either a resistor in series with the A.V.R. output, or a dc, cuifrent transformer. The former is used when the level of field current is low, as in the case of an exciter system, and the latter when high field currents are being detected, for example, in a static excitation system in which the alternator field is excited direct ly froma thyristor converter. In sone cases the input signal can be obtained by measuring the voltage across the A.V.R. stabilising resistor. When the field current exceeds a pre-set level, a timing circuit which integrates the éxcess excitation with respect to time 1s brought into operation, and when this integral exceeds a preset value an output current signal is given which can be used to bias an A.V.R. in order ‘to prevent any prolonged excitation above the pre-set level. ‘The time delay must be set o that the Limiter does not operate during transient increases in excitation due to load changes and certain system faults-(see commissioning procedure). S The unit also incorporates a relay circuit, a pair of normally open relay contacts closing when the limiter operates. These contacts can be used for indication of the limiter operating condition, or they can enable the unit to be used as an over excitation monitor to indicate an over excitation condition.Bly 3.3. 34 3.5. 3.8. 3.7. SPECIFICATION Input Voltage and Impedance Increased Sensitivity Facility: Time Delay: Temperature Range: Accuracy: Output Signals: Power Supplies: ‘The nominal input voltage is adjustable between { volt (input impedance 100 ohms) and 5 volts (input impedance 600 ohms), An internal plug is provided in the unit which. when transferred to the 'X4' pos ition, will increase the sensitivity of the unit by a factor of 4+ 2k. This facility enables the unit to be set. to the approximate Limiting level without over-excit ing the alternator, An adjustable, integrating time delay is incorporated ranging from 8 seconds to 1 second for overloads in excitation of 100% above the nominal operating level of the limiter. (This corresponds to delays ranging from 80 seconds to 10 seconds for overloads in excitation of 10% above the nominal operating level.) Note! ‘These times are increased by a factor of 4 when the sensitivity plug is in the 'X4" position. 20% to 65% operatine 40°C to 100°C storage (a) Limiting Lever = 5% (b) Time Delay = 10% (a) The unit produces a d.c. output. signal which has a maximum value of 3 Volts through an impedance of 1.0 Kohm, A diode is fitted to prevent the unit affecting the A.V.R, when the input signal is below the operating level of the limiter, (b)_ One normally open reed relay contact rated at 15 watts d.c., 1 amp, 400 volts dc. ‘The relay will close after the integrating Lime delay has operated, ‘The unit, in addition to the field current signal requires one of the following auxiliary supplies: (a) Typical pilot exciter output voltage, i.e. 90 volts to 140 volts at 200 Hz. (180 volts maximum at 240 Hz.) Current. drawn from supply - 150 m4 rms maximum. ‘The unit will operate satisfactorily with the supply voltage reduced to 50 volts ae, at 130 Hz,3.76 3.8. at 4.2, Power Supplies: (Cont'd) (2) 110 volts 425% 50 or 60 Hz. An isolating transformer is included in the unit, and one - 500 m fuse is connected in series with the primary, Mechanical Data: AL components are mounted on a printed Se eagraeeeeeee ae Circuit board size 10" (254 mm) x 7¥ (178 mm) x 5" (76 ma) high. Weight: 2 lbs. (0.9 KG) approx. For mounting details see assembly drawing B9432355. ‘TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION Reference is made to drawing number C9432337. ‘The Detector and Reference Circuit ‘The unit detects current by sensing voltage across a resistor in series with the exciter ficlc (sometines the A.V.R, stabilising resistor can be uscd) or a voltage derived from a D.C. C.T. connected in the main field circuit of the alternator in the case of a direct excitation system. ‘The dc. signal supplied to terminals 5 (positive) and 1 (negative) of the Limiter is attenuated and filtered by RVI, RI, R2, R3, Ri, Cl and the resulting d.c. current. flowing through R4- is compared to a stabi- lised reference current derived from Z1, R5, R6 and R28, The operating level of the limiter is“Set by adjustment of RVI (rotate Clockwise to increase) so that at the required operating point, the Geren flowing through R4 is nearly equa) to that flowing through RS, the difference being a small error signal at the input to amplifier A Plug is fitted to the unit which can be fitted in the 'X1' position or IX4" position. When inserted in the 'X4" position the sensitivity of the Limiter is increased hy a factor of 4- a facility which enables the operating point to be set on site with the machine running un~ paralleled with reduced output voltage (see commissioning procedure). The Power supply ‘The internal pover supply for the electronic circuit 1s a conventional Zener diode stabilised d.c. supply fed froma single phase bridge rectifier, The a.c. supply is connected to terminals 7 and 8 of the Tre oar s® Converted to a smoth d.c. voltage ky components R25, R26, TH, DBI, C7, 8, 9, 10, 11, R24, 23, Z4. Selection of R25 and RIG eon render the unit suitable for a number of different supply voltages.4.3. 44. The Amplifiers and Relay Driver Circuit ‘Two integrated circuit operational amplifiers are fitted, IC1 and 1c2, Briefly, ICI is used to amplify and integrate the error signal, whilst IC2 phase inverts and produces the bias signal for the A.V.R. after the appropriate time delay has taken place. The output voltage of. IC2 is also detected by the relay indication circuit. Components D5, D6, RE and R11 are fitted for protection and compensation of IC1, and where appropriate, corresponding components are associated with IC2. Diode D1 is fitted to limit the output voltage of IC! to approximately 0,5 volts negative with respect to the comton rail thereby limiting ‘the maximum output voltage of IC2, and also reducing the reset time of ‘the limiter (the time taken for the limiter output signal to be pemoved in the event of the excitation returning to a level below the operating Jevel of the Limiter), The integrating action of ICi is obtained by including an adjustable amount: of capacitive feedback to the amplifier using components C6, RV2 and R12, Clockwise rotation of RV2 will increase the integration time constant. Components 72, D2 and R10 are fitted to stabilise the maximum positive voltage at the output of IC, which is necessary in” order to ensure repeatability of the time delay characteristic. The output of IC1 is inverted and amplified by C2 whose output is taken to terminal 2 via R19 and D3. R19 Limits the output current, signal of the limiter and D3,which is reverse biassed whilst the limiter 1s not operating, is fitted to prevent the limiter affecting the performance of the A.V.R. under normal conditions. Transistors Vfl, VI2 and associated components form the relay driver circuit. “As the output of IC2 becomes positive, the base-emitter Junction of Vit begins to conduct switching Vr1 and VP2 into the conducting state, thereby energising relay RL1. Positive feedback to Vit base via R23 assists rapid switching action, The relay reverts to the de-energised condition when the amplifier IC2 output voltage becomes negative with respect to the common, 0 volt rail. Operation - Normal Condition, Excitation Below The Limiting Level During normal A.V.R. control, the current available from the detector Produces a nett negative error signal at the input to IC1, and thus the output voltage of IC1 is positive, its level being set by Z2 and D2. The output voltage of IC2 under this condition is negative, and both DS and the base-emitter junction of VF1 are reverse biassed and, therefore, no bias current or relay output signal will be produced.45. 5.2. Operation - Over Excitation Condition, Limiter Operating +In che event of an increase in excitation above the operating level of the Limiter the current flowing through R4 will be greater than sthé reference current flowing through R5 and a nett positive current at the input to ICI will be the result, This will cause the voltage at the output of ICt to fall, its rate of change depending on the error current, and the setting of RV2. As the output voltage of IC1 falls, the output voltage of IC2 rises, the two voltages being equal when they pass through zero (with respect to the O volt rail). When the output voltage of IC2 reaches approxi- mately { volt current will begin to flow into any suitable load con— nected between terminals 1 and 2 of the limiter, and the relay driver circuit operates to energise the output relay. After a period of over excitation, during which ICI is integrating the error with respect to time, the Limiter will reduce the excitation to a level which will produce a current through R4 virtually equal to the reference current flowing through R5. ‘This limiting level depends on the setting of RVI. EXAMPLES OF LIMITER PERFORMANCE The effect of transient over excitation duc to normal on-load response Se rns rent over excitation due to normal on-load response of the altemator fitted with an A.V.R, of the alternator fitted with an A.V.R, Estimated curves showing the action of the Limiter are given in Figure 1, When load is suddenly applied the Line voltage falls and the A.V.R. increases the exciter field current in order to rapidly restore the line voltage to its nominal level. ‘The field current exceeds its maximum continuous rating ond the Limiter operating level for a short period, and integration of excess field current with respect to time commences. The field current, however, is rapldly reduced to the level required to maintain the alternator output voltage constant, and, since this level is below the operating devel of the Limiter, the integrator output returns to its initial level. Since the integrator output does not reach its final level, neither output signal to bias the regulator or relay indication are produced hy the Limiter. The effect of a prolonged over excitation of the alternator due to a iuction of system voltage Estimated curves showing the action of the limiter under this condition are given in Figure 2,This condition could arise when an alternator is running in parallel with a large power system, Changes in system voltage can, in some circumstances cause the regulator to supply zero or maximum excitation to the alternator. The latter case 1s considered below: A sudden reduction in system voltage causes voltage regulator to supply maximm excitation to the alternator. As soon as the exciter field current “exceeds the Limiter operating level, the integrator begins tc operate and after a pre-set integration constent has been reached the integrator reaches its final level and an output current signal is produced which is supplied to the regulator. At the same time, the ‘Limiter operating’ relay is energised and its contacts close. The excitation is rapidly reduced and is controlled to the pre-set operating level of the limiter. Restoration of the system voltage to nominal will cause the regulator to reduce the excitation to the required level governed by the regulator settings and the altemator load. USE_AS AN OVER EXCITATION MONITOR ‘The unit can be used as an over excitation monitor by utilising the relay output signal which is given when the operating level of the unit has been reached. Typical applications of the monitor would be: (a) to give an indication of an over excitation condition. (b) to initiate automatic changeover of excitation supply from the normal excitation control system to a standby or hand control system, If an over excitation monitor is to be used in conjunction with a Limiter, the operating level of the monitor should be set approximately 10% higher than that of the limiter, and the time delay should be longer. This is necessary to ensure Limiter operation before any action is initiated by the monitor. CCVMTSSTONING Knowledge of the exciter field current, ohmic value of A.V.R. stabilising resistance, or alternative shunt and required limiting level of excitation, enable the Limiter to be set reasonably accurately at the factory, Tt is desirable, however, to set the units on site during commissioning.Fig. Operation of Limiter during Load application and rejection errr Hod pa - | tnetrtee Fb fie oI eee Celeee a een ea EEE LECH the Final) leve)lof the | sitet I Integeator is tak vee : zl ! inkegrator| initial (eve | | : i | ges [eet sa | . Linitar output _| : | ‘signal. : i ‘| ! hho _outyuk’ signal is given. | ~L laged. TI aeons ee eed es aes eee i Lit paring ralay| condition | open clay remains 4¢-energised |Eig, 2 ~ Operation of Limiter during a prolonged system voltage reduction ig ne eee | Sra sudden redeton oF | vilage } | Voltage syslem voltage, 1 ae Sse 9 | + Hf integrator begins to re-set} level. “output Signal. removed. eres Wo ere TTTae 1.26 Teddy 72-2, General Before commissioning either the over excitation limiter or monitor the required operating levels of the units must be obtained from machine design data or site tests. Typical sett ings for the over excitation limiter would be 5 - 10% higher than the maximum continuous full load rating of the exciter or min field of the alternator and the monitor operating point should he set 10% higher than the limiter setting. The method of setting the over excitation limiter differs slightly from that for the monitor and both procedures are described separately. If both over excitation monitor and Limiter are fitted to a particular excitation system, the monitor should be set initially whilst the limiter operating level is set to maximum, Before adjustments are mde’ to either of the units, the action of any monitors that may operate during the setting up procedure must be inhibited, since operation of any such monitor (i.e. under voltage) could, on some types of excitation system, initiate transfer of the excitation supply to an alternative source. The setting up procedure described in sections 7.2. and 7.3. are applicable to units fitted to brushless and static excitation systens, and enable the units to be set approximately with reduced levels of excitation, slight trimming only being required when the alternators are operating under loaded conditions. . Section 7.4. gives general notes on the setting of the time delay control, Sections 7.5. and 7.6. describe methods of directly setting the units to the required operating level by over-exciting the generator when operating in parallel with the system. If site conditions do not permit generator over-excitation when paralle ied to the system the settings made on open circuit with increased sensitivity must be accepted, ‘The Over Excitation Monitor Insert the sensitivity selector plug (situated adjacent to the ‘set level' control) in the 'X4' position. This will increase the sensi- tivity of the unit by a factor of 4 424% thereny enabling the approx mate operating level of the unit to be set with low excitation levels. Insert a suitable ammeter in the field circuit if one is not already fitted, ® tTA2.3. 7.2.8. 7.2.6. 7.2.76 7.2.10. Rotate the ‘set level' controls of the monitor and excitation Limiter (if fitted) fully clockwise and the 'set delay’ control fully anti- clockwise. Run the alternator at rated speed, unparalleled, and on no load with the excitation applied, Check with a multi-range meter that RLI-1 is open - an open circuit should be indicated between terminals 6 and 10 on the unit. This will indicate that the operating level of the unit is set above the no load excitation requirement of the alternator. Rotate the set level control fully anti-clockwise and check that the monitor operates (i.e. RLI-1 closes) indicated by a low resistance between terminals 6 and 10 on the unit. Reduce the alternator excitation to one quarter of the required operating level of the monitor by either: (a) adjustment to the A.V.R. voltage setting controls. (b) running the alternator on hand control of excitation and sett ing ‘the éxcitation to the appropriate level. or (e) if an excitation limiter is fitted, rotation of the ‘set level’ control in an anti-clockwise direction will enable the excitation to be set to the required level. If an over excitation limiter is fitted the operating level of the monitor should be set no less than 10% higher than that of the limiter, If no limiter is fitted, a typical monitor operating level would be 110% of the maxinum continuous full load rating of excite? or main field of the alternator, Rotate the 'set level' control of the monitor very slowly in a clock- wise direction until the voltage measured between test points ‘tpt “(positive) and TPS begins to fall. Set the control such: that’ this Voltage’ is constant at any level between 8’and 12 volts when measured witha high impedance voltmeter (ise. 20 K.ohms per volt). Z Rotate the ‘set delay’ control by approximately 50% of its full rotation, ‘This will give a time delay of approx. 400 per cent seconds or 4 seconds delay for an over excitation level 100% in excess of the operating: level of the unit, Transfer the sensitivity selector plug to the 'X1' position. The monitor is now set to operate at a field current approxinately equal to the required level. Tt may be necessary to make slight adjustments under actual operating conditions. 101.3. 7.3.1 7.5.2 763.3. 7.3.4. 7.3.5, 7.3.6. 163.7 7.3.8. 7.3.9. ‘The Over Excitation Limiter Insert the sensitivity selector plug (situated adjacent to the ‘set level’ control) in the "x4" position, This will increase the sensi- tivity of the unit by a factor of 4 424% thereby enabling the approxi- mate operating level of the unit to be set with low excitation levels. Insert a suitable ammeter in the field cireuit if one is not already fitted. Rotate the’'set level’ control of the limiter fully clockwise and the ‘set delay’ control fully anti-clockwise, Run the alternator at rated speed, unparalleled, and on no load with ‘the excitation applied. Check with g multi-range meter that RL1-1 is open ~ an open circuit should be indicated between terminals 6 and 10 on the unit. This will indicate that the operating level of the unit is set above the no load excitation requirement of the alternator. Rotate the 'set level’ control fully anti-clockwise. Check that the excitation is reduced, and the resistance between terminals 6 and 10 on the unit falls to zero. Operation of the limiter will be accom panied by a reduction in line voltage. Slowly rotate the 'set level' control clockwise, checking that the excitation increases as this is done. Set. the level of excitation to the required level. Note in the increased sensitivity mode, this level is equal to : (actual required limiting level) ¢ 4 ) Transfer the sensitivity selector plug to the 'X1' position, and check that the A.V.R. then contros the alternator line yoltage to the nominal level, after an initial overshoot. ‘Rotate the 'set delay’ control by approximately SO of its fulL Yotation, This will give a time delay of approximately 400 percent. seconds or 4 seconds delay for an over excitation level 100% in’ s excess of the operating level of the unit. i The unit is now set to Limit the field current to approximately the reqiiired level. Slight adjustment may be necessary under actual operating conditions, The 'Set Delay' Control The available time delay is adjustable from 1 second to 8 seconds for an over excitation of 100% above the nominal operating level of the unit. W7.5. 15.44 7.5224 7.5.3. 7.5444 7.5.5. 7.6. 7.6.4. 1.6.2. When getting the 'set delay’ control, care mist be taken to ensure ‘that Limiter or monitor operation does not occur during normal on load responses and that the Limiter does not affect any short. circuit maintenance capability of the alternator. Where a time delay setting has not already been specified, a typleal setting of over excitation limiter and monitor delay is 400 per cent seconds (i.e, percentage over excitation X time), This delay corresponds to approxinately SO% rotation of the 'set delay’ control. It is important to realise that the times mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs apply when the Limiter/monitor sensitivity plug is in the XI position. All times are increased by a factor of 4 when the plug is in the X4 position. To set the over-excitation monitor by over-exciting the generator whilst paralleled to the system. Inhibit "the action of the over-excitation limiter (if fitted) by temporarily disconnecting at the limiter input terminal 2. Connect a 10 volt de volémeter (20 k.ohm or more per volt) across monitor TP1 (+ve) and Tm.1. Run the generator in parallel with the system at O = 19% rated power. Gradually increase the excitation hy adjustment of the voltage setting control in the raise direction until the voltage indicated on the de voltmeter begins to fall slowly. (Rotate ‘the Q.C.C, control anti-clockwise to increase excitation further if necessary.) Do not raise excitation to more than 5% above ‘the recommended operating level of the monitor, When the voltmeter indicates a slowly falling voltage, the operating level of the monitor has been reached, Make slight adjustments to the monitor operating level if necessary. Reconnect the over-excitation Limiter input if applicable. To set the over-excitation Limiter by over-exciting the generator whilst paralleled to the system. Run the generator in parallel with the system at 0 - 10% rated © power. Gradually increase the excitation by adjustment of the voltage setting control in the raise direction until the excitation is approximately 9% above the required operating level of the Limiter. — (Rotate the Q.C.C. control anti-clockwise to increase excitation further if necessary.) Note the level to which the excitation is reduced when the Limiter operates making slight adjustment if necessary. FAULT FINDING PROCEDURE Mal-operation of the unit can be due to: (a) Incorrectly set: controls, (b) Incorrect signals being supplied to the unit, or faulty wiring external to the unit. (c) A fault on the unit itseLr, aeThe following tables can be used in the identification and rectification of faults in categories (a) and (b) above. If it is suspected that a fault exists on the unit itself, a replacement should be fitted and the faulty unit returned to the factory for repair. TABLE 8.1 FAULT FINDING PROCEDURE - NO OUTPUT SIGNAL PRODUCED TAGLE S. 1. = FAULT FINDING PROCEDURE - NO OUTPUT SIGNAL PRODUCED TEST CONDITION REQUERED POSSIBLE FAULT REMEDIAL ACTION 1, Check FS1 on unit, FSt ruptured Replace fuse. 2. Measure a.c. supply Between 90 and 180V External fuses _—Replace fuses. yoltage to terminals at between 200 and ruptured. Supply 7 and 8 on the unit. 240 Hz OR between — failure. 80 and 740 volts at 50/60 Hz. 3. Measure d.c. voltage Between 1 and 3V Value of stabili- Consult Brush derived fromfield — d.c, sing.resistor (or Design Dept, current signal, fed dic. ratio) concerning to terminals 5(+ve) not compatible change of and 1 on the unit, with required stabi Lising when the field cur- Limiter operating resistor value rent is at the req- point. Gr d.c.c.t. Uired Limiting level. ratio). 4. With field current After a time delay Faulty unit’. Replace with signal as in test 3, RLI-1 should close spare unit. rotate the 'set level’ indicated by low . Return faulty control of the unit resistance between unit to Factory in an anti-clockwise terminals 6 and 10 for repair. direction. “on the unit. 5. If unit is used as a After a time delay, Faully uit, Replace with Limiter, comect d.c. current flow between spare unit. ameter 0-5 mA het- Tm.2 and 1 should be ¢ Retum faulty ween terminal 2 (ve) indicated in the am- unit to Factory and terminal 1 on the meter. Current. should for repair. unit. Perform test 4, reach a maximum value between 1 and 5 my 13TABLE 8.2. — FAULT FINDING PROCEDURE ~ UNIT CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCES AN OUTPUT SIGNA: Test CONDITEGY REQUIRED POSSIBLE FAULT: °: REMEDIAL ACTION 1. Check position of Normal operation the Left in 'X4' posi- Place plug in sensitivity selector 'X1" position should tion giving high 'X1' position. plug. de used. sensitivity requi- If plug is lost red only during this is the initial setting same as being of the u in'X1! position 2. As Test 8.1.2, 3. AS Test 8.1.3. 4. Disconnect sensing Output signal cancel~ Fault on unit. Replace with signal supplied to Jed after time ¢slay. spare unit and terminal 5 on the Measured as high return faulty unit. resistance between unit to Factory termina’s $ ane 10 on for repair, : the unit, 5» Set signal to Tm.5 Output signal cancel- Fault on unit, Replace with and 1 to within Limits led after tine delay. spare unit and given in test 8.1.3. return faulty Rotate ‘set level’ unit to Factory control fully clock- for repair. wise, TABLE 8.3. - FAULT FINDING PROCEDURE ~ UNIT PRODUCES RETAY OUTPUT S1GVAL BUT DOH> NOP LIMIT EXCITATION rest CONDITION REQUIRED POSSIBLE FAULT REMEDIAL ACTION 1. Check wiring between Should be as shown Wired incorrectly, Correct’ as limiter and A.V.R. on contract sche Foulty connection. appropriate. matic diagram, A1L connections mist be sound. 2. As Test 8.1.4, 5- As Tost 8 1TABLE 8, = OPERATIONAL FAULTS - DUE TO INCORRECT SETTING OF THE UNITS SYMPTOM POSSIBLE FAULT REMEDIAL ACTION Limiter operates Limiter operating level continuously when set too low, machine on load. Re-set the unit at a level above the maximum continuous level of excitation (see Section 7.3.) 25 Limiter operates Time delay too short, Increase delay by clockwise for a shor¢ period transient over excitation rotation of ‘set delay" after load is due to field forcing control, RV2. applied to alter- effect. of A.V.R. causing nator. Limiter operation. + Monitor operates a) Operating level of a) Reset monitor to a higher and causes transfer monitor too low - below level of field current. to standby excita— maximum continuous field Cion system after current. load application to machine. b) Time delay insufficient b) Increase delay by clock- transient over excitation wise rotation of "set delay! causes monitor to operate, control RV2. 4, On A.V.R. fitted Operating level of monitor with both Limiter nelow that of limiter. and monitor. Nonitor trips to standby excitation system although excitation Limiter functions correctly. Reset monitor to a higher level of field current, 159. (a) EXAMPLE OF CONVECTTON OF THE OVER EXCITATION LIMITER TO THE BRUSH ‘PIIOT EXCITERA.VR. Greco eee eee ere PLELALVRS 2 1 af 2 eH ‘72 e?? : $ 29 8 a eee 6 ft Over Excitation To Slave Relay ed Limiter 10 * Notes: (1) Limiter produces a positive signal at terminal 2 with respect to terminal | and this will, when connected to P.B.A.V.R. terminals 2 and 1 as shown, cause a reduction of excitation. (2) Limiter auxiliary supply is not derived from A.V.R. sensing supply - it is derived froma supply which will be present in the event of an over excitation condition, Since loss of the A.V.R. sensing signal may be the cause of the over excited condition, this supply is obviously unsuitable for use as the Limiter auxiliary supply, 169. (b) EXAMPLE OF CONVECTION OF THE OVER EXCITATTON LIMITER TO THE BRUSH 10, (2) Limiter auxiliary supply is not derived from A.V.R. i ‘CONTROI UNIT. +97 6 AC Supply Over Excitation (Not AVR Sensing) aes To Slave Reday Os fo pee gS soo q ¢ &E& 3 J 3 AC Supply. 729 Bo 5 & I 1 3 { 1 2 Rotor WT. - T.D.E.S, brad Control Unit (1) Limiter produces a positive signal at terminal 2 with respect to terminal 1, and this will, when connected to control unit terminals 2 and 1 as shown, cause a reduction in excitation. sensing - it mist be derived from a supply which will be present even when A.V.R, sensing is lost. RECOMMENDED SPARES 1 = Spare Limiter/tonitor 6 - 500 m Fuses, Brush reference 025715-006 7Addendum To Handbook Number _50 1, Qverexcitation Limiter/Monitor Differential Facility A uiit with this facility can be identified by the presence of 70f, 80% and 100% link positions on the printed circuit assembly. The differential facility has the effect of reducing the Limiting Jevel of field current, or the level at which a monitor will reset, to a fixed proportion of the level to cause the limiter or monitor to operate, Three link positions are provided which can be set to reduce Limiting or reset point to 70% or 80% of the operating point. ‘Tlie 100% position corresponds to zero differential, The action of the limiter with differential is to reduce excitation should the limiter operating point be reached, and a consequent reduction in lagging VAr's will occur on a generator which is paralleled to a power system, Care must be exercised when selecting the settings ‘that the reduction in excitation caused by the operation of a limiter with the differential facility, will not cause the generator to become : unstable. It 1s strongly recommended that the excitation current to which a Limiter with differential is set corresponds to a full load power factor of not higher than 0.9 lagging. Commissioning ‘The basic limiter/monitor should be conmissionéd as described in the handbook, with the differential facility inoperative, ise. the link in the 100% position (no link fitted also represents no differential). When commissioned, the link can then be transferred to the setting required, and the operating and Limiting level of the monitor checked on either X4 or X1 setting. 5/75. . 18