Final Copy Interior Design Project
Final Copy Interior Design Project
INTRODUCTION
Interior design is "the art or process of designing the interior, often including the exterior, of a
room or building. An interior designer is someone who coordinates and manages such projects.
Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development,
communicating with the stakeholders of a project and the management and execution of the
design. Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the
manipulation of special volume as well as surface treatment.
In the past, interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of building. The
profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the
complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes. The
pursuit of effective use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the
development of the contemporary interior design profession. The profession of interior design
is separate and distinct from the role of Interior Decorator, a term commonly used in the US.
The term is less common in the UK where the profession of interior design is still unregulated
and therefore, strictly speaking, not yet officially a profession.
In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers. This can be seen from the
references of Vishwakarma the architect - one of the gods in Indian mythology. Additionally,
the sculptures depicting ancient texts and events are seen in palaces built in 17th century India.
In ancient Egypt, "soul houses" or models of houses were placed in tombs as receptacles for
food offerings. From these, it is possible to discern details about the interior design of different
residences throughout the different Egyptian dynasties, such as changes in ventilation,
porticoes, columns, loggias, windows, and doors.
Throughout the 17th and 18th century, and into the early 19th Century, interior decoration was
the concern of the homemaker or, an employed upholsterer or craftsman who would advise on
the artistic style for an interior space. Architects would also employ craftsmen or artisans to
complete interior design for their buildings Commercial interior design and management.
In the 1850s and 1860s, upholsterers began to expand their business remits. They framed their
business more broadly and in artistic terms and began to advertise their furnishings to the
public. To meet the growing demand for contract interior work on projects such as offices,
hotels, and public buildings, these businesses became much larger and more complex,
employing builders, joiners, plasterers, textile designers, artists, and furniture designers, as well
as engineers and technicians to fulfil the job. Firms began to publish and circulate catalogs with
prints for different lavish styles to attract the attention of expanding middle classes.
As department stores increased in number and size, retail spaces within shops were furnished
in different styles as examples for customers. One particularly effective advertising tool was to
set up model rooms at national and international exhibitions in showrooms for the public to
see. Some of the pioneering firms in this regard were Waring & Gillow, James Shoolbred,
Mintons and Holland & Sons. These traditional high-quality furniture making firms began to
play an important role as advisers to unsure middle class customers on taste and style, and
began taking out contracts to design and furnish the interiors of many important buildings in
Britain.
This type of firm emerged in America after the Civil War. The Herter Brothers, founded by two
German emigre brothers, began as an upholstery warehouse and became one of the first firms
of furniture makers and interior decorators. With their own design office and cabinet-making
and upholstery workshops, Herter Brothers were prepared to accomplish every aspect of
interior furnishing including decorative paneling and mantels, wall and ceiling decoration,
patterned floors and carpets and draperies.
Jones was employed by some of the leading interior design firms of the day; in the 1860s he
worked in collaboration with the London firm Jackson & Graham to produce furniture and other
fittings for high-profile clients including art collector Alfred Morrison and the Khedive of Egypt,
Ismail Pasha.
In 1882 the London Directory of the Post Office listed 80 interior decorators. Some of the most
distinguished companies of the period were Crace, Waring & Gallows and Holland & Sons;
famous decorators employed by these firms, included Thomas Edward Collcutt, Edward William
Godwin, Charles Barry, Gottfried Semper and George Edmund Street
By the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisors and publications were increasingly
challenging the monopoly that the large retail companies had on interior design. English
feminist author Mary Haweis wrote a series of widely read essays in the 1880s in which she
derided the eagerness with which aspiring middle-class people furnished their houses according
to the rigid models offered to them by the retailers. She advocated the individual adoption of a
particular style, tailor made to the individual needs and preferences of the customer.
The move towards decoration as a separate artistic profession unrelated to the manufacturers
and retailers, received an impetus with the 1899 formation of the Institute of British
Decorators; with John Dibblee Crace as its president it represented almost 200 decorators
around the country. By 1915, the London Directory listed 127 individuals trading as interior
Elsie De Wolfe was one of the first female interior designers. Rejecting the Victorian style she
grew up with, she chose a more vibrant scheme, along with more comfortable furniture in the
home. Her designs were light, with fresh colors and delicate Chinois Erie furnishings, as
opposed to the Victorian preference of heavy, red drapes and upholstery, dark wood and
intensely patterned wallpapers. Her designs were also more practical; she eliminated the
clutter that occupied the Victorian home, enabling people to entertain more guests
comfortably. In 1905, de Wolfe was commissioned for the interior design of the Colony Club on
Madison Avenue; its interiors garnered her recognition almost overnight. She compiled her
ideas into her widely read 1913 book, The House in Good Taste.
In England, Syrie Maugham became a legendary interior designer credited with designing the
first all-white room. Starting her career in the early 1910s, her international reputation soon
grew; she later expanded her business to New York and Chicago. Born during the Victorian Era,
a time characterized by dark colors and small spaces, she instead designed rooms filled with
light and furnished in multiple shades of white and mirrored screens. In addition to mirrored
screens, her trademark pieces included: books covered in white vellum, cutlery with white
porcelain handles, console tables with plaster palm-frond, shell, or dolphin bases, upholstered
2.2. Expansion
The interior design profession became more established after World War II. From the 1950s
onwards spending on the home increased. Interior design courses were established, requiring
the publication of textbooks and reference sources. Historical accounts of interior designers
and firms distinct from the decorative arts specialists were made available. Organizations’ to
regulate education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. were established for the
profession.
Interior design was previously seen as playing a secondary role to architecture. It also has many
connections to other design disciplines, involving the work of architects, industrial designers,
engineers, builders, craftsmen, etc. For these reasons the government of interior design
standards and qualifications was often incorporated into other professional organizations’ that
involved design. Organizations’ such as the Chartered Society of Designers, established in the
UK in 1986, and the American Designers Institute, founded in 1938, were established as
organizations’ that governed various areas of design.
It was not until later that specific representation for the interior design profession was
developed. The US National Society of Interior Designers was established in 1957, while in the
UK the Interior Decorators and Designers Association was established in 1966. Across Europe,
other organizations’ such as The Finnish Association of Interior Architects (1949) were being
established and in 1994 the International Interior Design Association was founded.
Ellen Mazur Thomson, author of Origins of Graphic Design in America (1997), determined that
professional status is achieved through education, self-imposed standards and professional
gate-keeping organizations. Having achieved this, interior design became an accepted
profession.
Interior designer implies that there is more of an emphasis on planning, functional design and
the effective use of space, as compared to interior decorating. An interior designer can
undertake projects that include arranging the basic layout of spaces within a building as well as
projects that require an understanding of technical issues such as window and door positioning,
acoustics, and lighting. Although an interior designer may create the layout of a space, they
may not alter load-bearing walls without having their designs stamped for approval by an
architect. Interior designers often work directly with architectural firms.
Interior designers must be highly skilled in order to create interior environments that are
functional, safe, and adhere to building codes, regulations, and ADA requirements. They go
beyond the selection of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the
development of construction documents, occupancy loads, healthcare regulations, and
sustainable design principles, as well as the management and coordination of professional
services including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and life safety – all to ensure that people
can work, live, and learn in an innocuous environment that is also aesthetically pleasing.
An interior designer may wish to specialize in a particular type of interior design in order to
develop technical knowledge specific to that area. Types of interior design include residential
design, commercial design, hospitality design, healthcare design, universal design, exhibition
design and spatial branding. The profession of interior design is relatively new, constantly
evolving, and often confusing to the public. It is a creative profession that is consistently
changing and evolving. It is not an artistic pursuit and relies on research from many fields to
provide a well-trained understanding of how people are influenced by their environments.
At the start of any interior design project, we wonder in what style should create our interior
home in order to feel good in that environment. While I emphasize the main characteristics for
each one of them, I will try to join some interiors or products that illustrate each style
separately. If someone likes classic lines, you can’t suggest something modern because she
believes that what is proposed isn’t represented for her taste, devoid of atmosphere, simple
and will not transmit anything.
This style is a form of extreme accuracy, nothing is too much, without heavy backgrounds. The
emphasis is on simplicity, the colors may be dull or bright, in any case flashy colors. Pieces are
either geometric shapes – square, rectangular, round, but the surfaces are clean, no scenery, no
details. Minimalist modern style by its name, illustrates the simplified forms.
It is a refined style, developed, rich in details, which are found both in the structure of furniture,
lighting, etc. as well as in sets, prints. The furniture is the “art” type, carved or inlaid details and
apply. Decorated with floral elements, vegetable, various leitmotif or scenes drawn from
legends.
The mid-1900s produced some of the most iconic pieces in modern design. It is marked by
elegant lines and chic minimalism, with frequent use of molded plastic, natural wood, and
aluminum. Its pieces are versatile and can complement other design styles.
Style structure is a crude, rough details, structure elements of furniture / lighting can be in tree
trunks, logs, branches, jute. Style is found in mountain vacation homes, rural.
4.5. Bohemian
The Bohemian (or Boho) design captures the carefree and experimental essence of the
namesake lifestyle. It features heavy use of vibrant colors, especially those with red or purple
tones. The key is to carefully present a purposefully “messy” look. Layer on textiles (throws,
pillows, rugs, tapestry) for a warm feeling.
This is a look that hearkens back to the turn-of-the-century industrial era. It emphasizes frequent use of
raw steel with exposed brick elements. It also relies heavily on rustic wood pieces. The modern variant
commonly includes copper-tone decor.
It is a refined style, elegant, where classic forms details are found in a new approach. The forms
preserves the structure of old forms or parts in general updating them sometimes, or some
elements of a furniture style combined with modern elements, creating that fusion between
old and new. Finishing parts are in a new approach-painted and varnished, with different and
innovative colors, surface gold, silver, finished with patina or serigraphic.
It is the style of ’50s, ’60s or ’70s. In that period it is anticipated design pieces to come. The
songs have a playful approach, funny structure, their form and the play of colors and prints that
we find in each piece. We find for the first time new approaches to design forms, yet they
remain air-old began the design lines. Prints with geometric shapes, lines, plaid or printed with
illustrations belonging to the Pop Art style.
It is part of modern style, his approach is very inventive, unusual and unconventional. Young,
explosive, inventive not respect the rules. Structure can be obtained by joining pieces,
overlapping volumes and volumes twisting colors can be randomly chosen even for the same
room, seemingly nothing happens, only part of this style.
The style is contemporary-modern style but maintains a hot line through selected finishes and
color range used. The songs do not seem very new, modern, and cool. Colors are balanced,
warm, bright tones and pastel can be out of the question when it comes to these style. Finishes
High-tech style is an innovative modern style, the emphasis being on furniture structure where
every detail of combination is not random and it is part of that structure. Screws, rivets, wheels
apparent booms, rough metal finishes, appearances bulbs are specific to this style. The finishes
used are often of metal, glass and plastic and wood in small proportions and for parts we find
fabric-upholstered as simple as we can, leather. The colors are often dull-gray, white, small
black scale.
Rural style is elegant furniture style with influences from English, French or Scandinavian classic
pure style can be called rural chic. Furniture finishes are nice, bright colors-white, pastel colors
and forms were taking over traditional furniture but not abundant decorations.
Study on A field of applied statistics, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual
units from a population and the associated survey data collection techniques, such as
questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses
to surveys.
Statistical surveys are undertaken with a view towards making statistical inferences about the
population being studied, and this depends strongly on the survey questions used.
Polls about public opinion, public health surveys, market research surveys, government surveys
and censuses are all examples of quantitative research that use contemporary survey
methodology to answer questions about a population. Although censuses do not include a
A single survey is made of at least a sample (or full population in the case of a census), a
method of data collection (e.g., a questionnaire) and individual questions or items that become
data that can be analyzed statistically. A single survey may focus on different types of topics
such as preferences (e.g., for a presidential candidate), opinions (e.g., should abortion be
legal?), behavior (smoking and alcohol use), or factual information (e.g., income), depending on
its purpose. Since survey research is almost always based on a sample of the population, the
success of the research is dependent on the representativeness of the sample with respect to a
target population of interest to the researcher. That target population can range from the
general population of a given country to specific groups of people within that country, to a
membership list of a professional organization, or list of students enrolled in a school system
(see also sampling (statistics) and survey sampling).
Survey methodology as a scientific field seeks to identify principles about the sample design,
data collection instruments, statistical adjustment of data, and data processing, and final data
analysis that can create systematic and random survey errors. Survey errors are sometimes
analyzed in connection with survey cost. Cost constraints are sometimes framed as improving
quality within cost constraints, or alternatively, reducing costs for a fixed level of quality. Survey
methodology is both a scientific field and a profession, meaning that some professionals in the
field focus on survey errors empirically and others design surveys to reduce them. For survey
designers, the task involves making a large set of decisions about thousands of individual
features of a survey in order to improve it.
6. PROBLEM STATEMENT
This study has been conducted on Delhi based Indian middle class which basically comprises of
population belonging from Government and Private Job sector. Various parameters have been
analyzed using this survey. Below is the description of things being analyzed using this study.
The below figures tells the relationship between age and the respective salary. The below
graph tell that the major chunk of masses fall in 10 to 15 and above 15 lac span.
The below graph is in continuation of the above and tells that the customer earning more
than 10 lac have more tendency to go for Interior designing services
8.4. Customer preference for the interior designing services considered with the marital status
impact
The below figure tells about the impact of marital status on the respective preference on
the interior designing and its relevant that single or married isn’t not relevant for analyzing
the preference and the proportions are approximately similar
Below figures talks about the tendency of people belonging to various age groups to go for
the interior designing services. The analysis comes out to be that 65% of the population on
an average seeks for such services irrespective of the age.
8.6. Impact of age group on the customer preference for the interior designing services.
The below figure talks about the customer frequency of getting the house renovations
depending on the house ownership type. It’s relevant that on an average people prefer to
get the house renovated after 3 years gap that too more inclination is given to the owned
houses then the rented one. So the customer living houses majorly falls under the target
customer set
The below figure tell us about the prefered area in the house for which user wish to go for
the interor desiging services. Its prominent that the more users are seeking such survices
for the publc facing area in the house that mainly comprises of the drawing room, where as
comparitively less would opt for such services for the personal space, this mainly inclused
customers with the artisic perceptions or back groud as such things make an impact on
them.
Below figure talks about the impact of age group on the importance/preference given to
the interiors. It’s relevant that the age group of 31 to 50 is more inclined towards such
services. As from the above graphs we have already analyzed that this is the main age group
earning more than 10 lac of income and falls under the major target group for promotion of
such services as they have the spending capabilities.
Below image tells about the customer awareness of the concept “WALL ART”. Its shows that
there is still a potential of 35% percent of the population that can be targeted to bring
under the span of potential customers.
Below image tells that more customers are seeking towards designing their own house
comparison to completely leaving on the designer. Thus this is a highly customized
work/service where in which it’s essential to understand the customer mind and preference
a. Average cost estimated for a below mentioned sample of size (6 by 11 ft.) is 7400 Rs
From the above analyses this can be inferred that on an average people are willing to pay a sum
of approx. 7250 Rs for a single wall – WALL ART. Another key highlight here is that in case
people are charges on the bases of per square feet that chances of pricing them high /
willingness to pay high increases.
Another conclusion can be drawn from the above analysis that there is big scope of creating
awareness regarding the complexity of the handmade custom wall art in comparison with other
9. LIST OF QUESTIONS USED TO DRAW THE ABOVE ANALYSIS OF THE TARGET POPULATION
2. Who makes the possible decision in your family about the house interiors :
a) Male
b) Female
3. Marital Status :
a) Signal
b) Married
5. What is the approximate annual income of your family from all sources:
a) Below 5 Lac
b) 5 to 10 Lac
c) 10 to 15 Lac
d) Above 15 lac
6. House Type :
a) Rented
b) Owned
7. Type of Accommodation :
8.1 when was the last time your house got renovated ___________________
9. How much importance do you give to the interiors of your house? Mark on the scale of
1 to 10.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12. Which is the preferred area in your house you wish to get renovated, if willing:
a) Bedroom
b) Kids room
c) Drawing room
d) Kitchen
e) Washroom
14. Do you think wall patterns/designs like shown below make an impact in your
house/room décor?
a) Yes
b) No
14.1 How much would you pay for these wall arts if getting them done?
a) Rs _____________________
b) Rs _____________________
15. What kind of colors would you prefer for your walls if given below options :
a) Dark
b) Settle
c) Bright
d) Light
e) Mix
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