TOPIC 1

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?

Name: Putri Aprillia

Kelas : 2LN
NPM : 062130310965

Objectives:
 The students are able to read and answer questions regarding electricity based
on the passage given.
 The students are able to write paragraphs regarding electricity.
 The students are able to write friendly letters regarding electricity to their
friends.
 The students are able to write business letters regarding electricity.

1. What is Electricity?
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence
and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related
to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described
by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity,
including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many
others.
The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative,
produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and
produces a magnetic field.
When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force
will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law. If the charge
moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can
speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done
by an external agent in carrying a unit of positive charge from an arbitrarily chosen
reference point to that point without any acceleration and is typically measured
in volts.
 Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for:
 electric power 
Here the electricity deals with electric current which is used to energize
equipment
 electronics 
Here the electricity deals with electrical circuits which involve active electrical
components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits,
and associated passive interconnection technologies.

Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in

theoretical understanding remained slow until the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by
the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use
by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time
transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial
Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost
limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, 
communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern
industrial society.

QUESTIONS:
1) What is electricity? Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the
presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related
to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described
by Maxwell's equations.

2) What are various common phenomena which are related to electricity?

Various common phenomena are related to electricity,
including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and
many others.
3) What can be produced by electric field? The presence of an electric charge,
which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The
movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic
field.
 4) When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, what will
act on it? a will act on it ,When a charge is placed in a location with a non-
zero electric field, a force will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given
by Coulomb's law. If the charge moves, the electric field would be
doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a
certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in
carrying a unit of positive charge from an arbitrarily chosen reference point to
that point without any acceleration and is typically measured in volts.
5) Why do you say that electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies?
Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, because used for:
- electric power 
Here the electricity deals with electric current which is used to energize
equipment.
electronics 
Here the electricity deals with electrical circuits which involve active electrical
components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits,
and associated passive interconnection technologies.

2. Writing Letters
Almost everybody needs to write letters for one or more purposes---a son
sends a letter to his parents in hometown asking for some money, a businessman in
New York writes a business letter to his partner in Indonesia and so on. Therefore,
whatever is the subject that a student majors in, he or she should study how to write a
letter, i.e., how to write friendly letters, social notes and business letters.

Four Tips on Writing Letters

No Matter what kind of letter you write, you should remember to do these
things:
1. Make your letter clear
Remember that when your letter is read, you will not be there to explain what
you mean. In order not to leave out important details in a business letter, plan what
you are going to say and how you are going to say it. Furthermore, if you will think
about what you are going to say before you write a friendly letter, then you can avoid
many careless errors that often interfere with clarity.
 2. Write an attractive letter
Take pride in the appearance of your letter. A letter represents you. If you send
a neat and clearly written letter, the receiver will respect you as a considerate person.
On the other hand, if you mail a messy letter, then your reader’s opinion will drop
accordingly. Especially is this true in the business world. Many times a businessman
receives letters from people whom he has never met and never will meet. The writer is
judged entirely by his letter. If a businessman receives a messy, illegible letter, he
naturally assumes that the writer either doesn’t know any better or doesn’t care enough
to take the time to make the letter readable and attractive.
3. Use correct English punctuation, and spelling
A letter filled with errors in writing will not only lead the reader to believe that
you are uneducated but will also mar the clear expression of your ideas. Run-on
sentences, mistakes in usage like “he done” or “for Joe and I,” and misspelled words
like “dosen’t” or “truble” will never make a good impression upon your reader.
4. Be yourself
Above all else, be natural. Don’t make your letters sound like an English
teacher or a clever friend of yours. Moreover, don’t be a slavish imitator of models of
letters in textbooks. Originality is always better than imitation. There are few better
ways of reflecting your personality than a letter written by you, in your own style,
saying what you want to say.

Form (Layout) of a letter

Letter Head
(Sender’s Address)

Reference Number

Receiver’s name Date

and Address

Salutation

Subject of the Letter

Body of the letter:

- Introduction
- Purpose
- Ending

Complimentary Close
 Signature and
Sender’s name
Position in the company

CC.
Encl.

Secretary initials

Attention:
1. Letter Head: Sender’s Address
2. Inside Address:
- Sender’s Address
- Receiver’s Address
3. Reference Number
4. Date
5. Salutation: Dear ……..
6. Subject of the Letter
7. Body of the Letter:
- Introduction
- purpose/content
- Ending
8. Complementary Close:
- Yours Sincerely
- Yours Faithfully
- Yours
- Love
9. Signature
10. cc: Carbon Copy
11. Encl.: Enclosure
12. Secretary initial

ASSIGNMENT:
 Write a letter to one of your friends when you were in senior high school. Tell
him/her what you know about electricity. Make your letter clear and attractive. Dont
forget to use correct English punctuation and spelling.

Palembang,March 14,2022

To:
My Friend Reza Arap Oktovian
Grand Hill 37 street
in Jakarta Selatan

Dear My Best Friend,

Hi Reza,How are you ? I hope you and your family healthy . Here , I and my family healthy too.
Its been a long time we never meet, since over 5 years ago. Anyway , do you know about the
history and understanding of electricity? If you don't know, I'll let you know through this letter.

The discovery of electricity originated from a Greek scholar named Thales in the year 640 - 546
BC, At that time, he rubbed amber with cat hair and took a bit of the hair, which was called static
electricity.
Research on the motion of coal and coal was continued by an English scientist named William
Gilbert in 1733. He said that the events experienced by Thales were electrical which was taken
from the Greek word Electron and continued with Benjamin Franklin's research, he was a
scientist as well as a writer, publisher, and diplomat. America.
in 1800, Alessandro Volta expressed his opinion, that electricity is actually like water. This is the
origin of the discovery of batteries as a source of electrical energy.
and finally, a discovery made in 1831, made by Michael Faraday, concluded that electricity could
be generated through magnetism and silver. He discovered the existence of a magnet that was
moved in a coil of copper wire.
Electrical energy or electric power is one of the main types of energy needed for electrical
equipment or energy stored in an electric current with units of amperes and voltage.

now you know the history and understanding of electricity,Hope it can help you in the upcoming
daily exam process ,if so, don't forget to reply to my letter reza, I'm waiting for a reply about your
daily life. See u .

Yours Faithfully

Putri Aprillia