Gas

Describing Gases Focus Points Pressure (P)

 Describe gases and explain the postulates of the  It pertains to the exertion of force as gas molecules
kinetic theory as applied to gases. collide with the walls of the container.
 Relate how these postulates account for the  The standard unit for pressure is pascal (Pa), after
properties of gases. Blaise Pascal. Other units for pressure are
atmosphere (atm), a milliliter of mercury (mmHg),
 Every matter has its distinguished property, which torr, bar, kilopascal (kPa), and pounds per square
can be solid, gas, or liquid. The difference of inch (psi).
matters is conditioned in the arrangement of their  Helpful formula: Pressure (P) = (Force (F))/(Area
particles. (A))
 There are only 11 elements that are gases:
diatomic molecules hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, Amount of Gas
fluorine, chlorine, the noble gases helium, neon,  The mass of the gas is related to the number of
argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Additionally, moles of the gas.
Ozone, another form of oxygen, is also gas at room  For instance, as we inflate a balloon, we are adding
temperature. gas molecules.
 Frequently, it is expressed by the units of kilograms
IMPORTANCE OF GASES (kg) or grams (g).
 Gases are significant in multiple ways it plays a  Helpful formula: (number of moles (n)= mass of the
salient role in the performance of activities in the gas)/(molar mass of the gas)
life of every person.
 Examples are air helps us breathe, natural gas is Kinetic Molecular Theory
used for heating, oxygen supplies air to a patient  In 1870, ideal gas or theoretical gas was made
who is incapable of inhaling it, water vapor possible by the scientists.
produces clouds and many more.  It expresses that all matter's particles are
constantly in motion.
There are 4 variables to identify Gases:  The theory elaborates the conventional behaviors
 Volume (V) among gas particles.
 Temperature (T)
 Pressure (P) Kinetic Molecular Theory Postulates
 Amount of the gas or number or moles (n)  Gases have mass like any other matter. They have
empty spaces due to the distance between these
Volume (v) tiny particles. Hence, gases are compressible and
 Volume is characterized by the space occupied by have low density, but it varies depending on
the gas molecules. It can be attested by filling a temperature and pressure.
container with air.  Gas particles travel constantly, randomly and
 The standard unit for volume is Liter or L, but it can swiftly in straight lines until they hit another
also be indicated in milliliters (mL), cubic particle or wall of the container
centimeters (cm³). cubic meters (m³), and cubic  Due to the extensive distance between gas
decimeters (dm³). particles, the forces of attraction (Van der Waals
Force) cannot have much influence on them.
Temperature (T)  Collisions are elastic. Kinetic energy is transferred
 The temperature serves as the basis for the without a loss to one another.
amount of Kinetic Energy gases molecules  The only factor affecting the average kinetic energy
constituted. of a group of gas particles is its temperature.
 The standard unit for temperature is Kelvin or K.  Molecules have similar average kinetic energy
Other units are Degrees Centigrade (°C) and dependent on temperature despite their masses,
Degrees Fahrenheit (°F). which makes the particles represented above
 The formula for Kelvin is K = °C + 273.15 might be defined as a molecule.
Forumulas:  The kinetic molecular theory served as the
°F to K: K = (°F - 32) x 5/9 + 273 foundation for concepts relating to molecular
K to °F: °F = 1.8 (K - 273) + 32 motion.
°C to K: K = °C + 273.15  The translational motion, which depicts potential
K to °C: °C = K - 273.15 motion from one point to another, was one of the
movement concepts developed. Moreover,
 Gas
vibrational motion and rotational motion, are
understood.
 Although gases can be felt everywhere, it is a well-
known truth that they are invisible to the naked
eye. It enlarges to every corner or container and
lacks any distinct shape or volume. It can flow in
the same way as liquid does, but not in the same
way that solids and liquids do, which is to remain
stationary.
 Gas particles can travel at speeds of up to 1,600
km/h (1,000 miles/h). It spreads all over the place.
When a gas is trapped in a container, it collides,
but the forces are insufficient to keep them
together, so they bounce apart.
 Vapor is an evaporated gas from a liquid that failed
to reach its boiling point. And when it cools
partially, it creates droplets known as mist.