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Power Factor

Displacement power factor considers only the fundamental frequency current and voltage, while true power factor includes the effects of harmonic distortion. True power factor is equal to the displacement power factor multiplied by the distortion power factor. The document demonstrates through ETAP simulation examples that for a linear load, the displacement and true power factors are equal since there is no harmonic distortion. However, for a non-linear load, the true power factor is lower than the displacement power factor due to the increased total harmonic distortion introduced by the non-linear load.

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Rao Dharma
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73 views

Power Factor

Displacement power factor considers only the fundamental frequency current and voltage, while true power factor includes the effects of harmonic distortion. True power factor is equal to the displacement power factor multiplied by the distortion power factor. The document demonstrates through ETAP simulation examples that for a linear load, the displacement and true power factors are equal since there is no harmonic distortion. However, for a non-linear load, the true power factor is lower than the displacement power factor due to the increased total harmonic distortion introduced by the non-linear load.

Uploaded by

Rao Dharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Displacement Power Factor

Displacement Power Factor is defined as cosine of the angle between fundamental voltage and
fundamental current of the load.

Distortion Power Factor

The definition of power factor relates the current in the primary harmonic to the RMS current
contained in all harmonics:

Definition of distortion power factor in terms of total RMS current in all harmonics

We can define this in terms of the total harmonic distortion (THD)

Definition of distortion power factor in terms of THD

True Power Factor


True Power Factor= Distortion Factor x Displacement Factor

Difference between True Power Factor and displacement Power Factor?

• True power factor includes harmonic content.


• Displacement power factor only considers the fundamental frequency.
2

ETAP SIMULATION
DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR, DISTORTION POWER FACTOR AND
TRUE POWER FACTOR

Illustration 3

Input Data: Grid data- SC current-25 kA, X/R=14, Rated voltage-110kV


Transformer data – 25MVA, 110/11kV, typical impedance data
Linear load – 20MVA, 11kV, 80% power factor
Non-linear load - 20MVA, 11kV, 80% power factor, ACS600 6P current harmonic source
Calculate the distortion p.f, displacement p.f and true p.f after the power factor correction.

Fig 1.LFA for linear load Fig 2.Harmonic LF for linear load

True Power Factor= Distortion Factor x Displacement Factor


Linear load
Before Compensation After Compensation
Displacement P.f 0.7636 0.998
Distortion p.f THDi=0 1 1
True p.f 0.7636 0.998
Table .True p.f for linear loads
3

Fig 3.LFA for non-linear load Fig 4.Harmonic LF for non-linear load

Non-Linear load
Before Compensation After Compensation
Displacement P.f 0.7636 0.998
THD 0.4 1.18
Distortion p.f 0.928476691 0.646521695
True p.f 0.708984801 0.645228652
Table .True p.f for non-linear loads

✓ True power factor changes in the non-linear loads due to the total harmonic distortion.

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