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Exp 4

This document describes Experiment 4 on single phase AC circuits. The objectives are to study the phasor relationships between voltage and current. The requirements include a function generator, resistor, capacitor, inductor and other circuit components. The theory discusses that in a series RL circuit, the current lags the voltage due to the inductive reactance. The pre-lab calculations include determining the impedance angle of a series RL circuit and drawing phasor diagrams. The simulation procedure guides constructing series and parallel RC and RL circuits in a simulator to observe the voltage and current waveforms and calculate the phase differences. The discussion covers that the current lags the voltage in an RL circuit while it leads the voltage in an RC circuit.

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NUR AQILAH AMIRAH AIDIL
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44 views

Exp 4

This document describes Experiment 4 on single phase AC circuits. The objectives are to study the phasor relationships between voltage and current. The requirements include a function generator, resistor, capacitor, inductor and other circuit components. The theory discusses that in a series RL circuit, the current lags the voltage due to the inductive reactance. The pre-lab calculations include determining the impedance angle of a series RL circuit and drawing phasor diagrams. The simulation procedure guides constructing series and parallel RC and RL circuits in a simulator to observe the voltage and current waveforms and calculate the phase differences. The discussion covers that the current lags the voltage in an RL circuit while it leads the voltage in an RC circuit.

Uploaded by

NUR AQILAH AMIRAH AIDIL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (ELE291)

EXPERIMENT 4

SINGLE PHASE AC CIRCUIT


1.1 OBJECTIVE

1. Study the phasor relationship between Voltage and Current in a single-phase AC Circuit.

1.2 LIST OF REQUIREMENTS

Virtual Equipment
1. Function generator (AC voltage source)

Virtual Components
1. Resistor: 300 Ω
2. capacitor: 8.84 uF
3. Inductor: 0.8 H
4. Ground
5. wires
1.3 THEORY

AC circuit elements consist of resistors (R), inductors (L) and capacitors(C) which can be fed
from 1 phase 60 Hz, 120V source. Resistor and inductor combination connected to a single
phase AC source results in a lagging current with respect to voltage. If R and L are connected
in series, the phasor sum of the voltages across L and R equals the source voltage. In
contrast if they are connected in parallel the phasor sum of the currents drawn by R & L
equals the source current. Power factor of any load (source) is defined as the cosine of the
angle between the load(source) current and corresponding load(source) voltage.

1.4 PRE-LAB CALCULATIONS

1. If R1= 300Ω is connected in series with an inductive reactance of X1 = j300Ω, what will be the
impedance angle of this series combination?

Figure 1

2. Draw the phasor diagrams for the voltages in Figure 1. Take voltage across the resistor (VR)
as the reference vector.
3. For the circuit in Figure 2, calculate the three currents Is, Ir and I1 and draw the phasor
diagram.

Figure 2
1.5 SIMULATION PROCEDURES

1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 1 by using Multisim Online or other suitable
simulation software with Vin=120 Vrms sine at 60Hz, R=300Ω, and L=0.8H.

Figure 3: Series RL circuit

2. Insert probe to measure voltage and current by selecting the appropriate probe as shown in
Figure 4.

Figure 4

3. Set the simulation time to 0.05s as depicted in Figure 5 and then run the simulation.

Figure 5
4. Observe the voltage waveforms (V1) and current waveform (I) on the grapher and obtain the
phase difference between these two signals by using 360*∆𝑡⁄𝑇 where ∆𝑡 is the time
difference between signals V and I while T is the period (1/f) as shown in Figure 6. Record the
phase value in Table 1.

Figure 6

5. Disconnect only the inductor and obtain the phase difference between V1 and I and record
the result in the table 1.
6. Now reconnect the inductor, reduce the resistor to 1mΩ and measure the phase difference
between V1 and I and record the result in the table 1.

Table 1
Circuit Phase
RL
R
L

7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 by replacing inductor with capacitor C= 8.84 uF and record the
results Table 2.
Table 2
Circuit Phase
RC
R
C
1.6 DISCUSSION

1. What is the phase relationship for voltage and current between R and L components in
AC circuit?

2. What is the phase relationship between R and C components in AC circuit?

1.7 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

1) Boylestad, R.L. (2016). Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th ed.). Pearson.

2) Alexander, Charles K. & Matthew N.O. Sadiku (2017). Fundamentals of Electric


Circuits (6th ed). McGraw Hill.

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