ENGLISH LECTURE - 01

Name:
Bank Job Recruitment Test Preparatory Program

CONTENTS
SENTENCE STRUCTURE

COMPONENTS of SENTENCE

CLASSIFICATION of SENTENCE

NOUN

PRONOUN

ANTECEDENT of PRONOUN

EACH vs EVERY

MANY, MUCH, LITTLE, FEW, A LITTLE, A FEW, THE LITTLE, THE FEW

BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER, NONE, ANY, ALL

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 -SENTENCE STRUCTURE-
Sentence
A sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense. A sentence has two main parts –
a) Subject & b) Predicate
A subject denotes the person or thing about which something is said. Whereas a predicate is what is said about the
person or thing denoted by the subject.
Subject Predicate
The travelers learn a lot of things by travelling.
Journalists are always busy with preparing news.

Indeed, a sentence has two main basic parts- a) subject b) verb

Structure of Sentence

Five basic structures of English Sentence are given below:

Structure Example
• The newly admitted boy in our school can swim.
Subject + Intransitive verb
• Most of the birds in the African region fly very high in the sky.
• The authority of Citi group has hired some new sophisticated
Subject + Transitive verb + Direct
employees.
Object
• Every theme song made for the world cup conveys some ideas.
Subject: + Linking Verb + Subject • The CEO of Berger Paints Bangladesh Limited is a very gentle man.
Complement • Liquidity crisis in the banking system is transitory.
• Knowing the result of Job recruitment test, his parents bought him a
Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect
nice red car.
Object + Direct Object
• The pitcher threw the catcher a curve ball.
Subject + Transitive verb + Direct • General people of Dhaka North City Corporation made him
Object + Object Complement chairman.
• The British Queen declared him the knight.

-COMPONENTS OF SENTENCE-
1. SUBJECT
➢ The subject is the agent of the sentence
➢ Every sentence in English must have a subject.
➢ In the case of commands, the subject [you] is understood
➢ The subject may be a single noun or a noun equivalent or a pronoun.
• Tea is delicious
• Walking in the morning is good for health.
➢ ‘There’ & “here” can act as a pseudo subject where the true subject appears after the verb
• There was a fire in that building last month.
• Here are many shirts in the table.
➢ Subject may be impersonal
• It is raining. (Here ‘It’ is an impersonal subject)

2. VERB
Verbs generally express action or a state of being. It is such a word that tells or asserts something about a person
or thing.

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 A verb may tell us-
• What a person or thing does: Ferdous laughs. The bell rings.
• What is done to a person or thing: Ferdous was bitten. The window was broken.
• What a person or thing is: The cat is dead. The glass is brittle.
Please Note:
Every sentence must have a verb. The verb may be a single word. For Example- Fahim drives too fast. On the
other hand, the verb may be a verb phrase. A verb phrase consists of one or more auxiliaries and one main verb.
The auxiliaries always precede the main verb. It is also called verbal phrase. For example- Tareq is going to
Cox-Bazar tomorrow. Here Auxiliary -is; main verb –going & Verbal phrase - is going

3. OBJECT
The object of a verb is created, affected or altered by the action of a verb, or appreciated or sensed by the
subject of the verb. An object is always either a noun or a pronoun.
• He wrote the book. ('book' is the object, created by the action of writing)
• I saw the film. ('film' is the object, sensed by the subject seeing it)
Alternatively, if the verb can be asked a question with “What” or “Whom”, the answer, unless it’s the subject
itself, will always be the object of the sentence.
• He plays violin well. [“What” does he play well? – Violin (object)]
• We should respect our teachers. [“Whom” should we respect? – Teachers (object)]
A sentence can have more than one object.
• I submitted the report to my teacher.
• They sent him a postcard.
Types of object
Indirect object is generally a personal object. The indirect object is an animate object or object to whom or for
whom something is done. Normally in a sentence, indirect object comes before direct object. An indirect object
answers the question "to whom?", "for whom?", "for what?"
• He writes me a letter. (Here me is indirect object)
Direct Object is generally an impersonal object. The direct object can be a thing and is first receiver of the
action. And usually direct comes after the indirect object. He writes me a letter. (Here a letter is direct object).
A direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?"
Direct object can be placed before the indirect object but for this a preposition is required.
• He bought his son a bike => He bought a bike for his son
Please Note:
An indirect object is the recipient of the direct object, or an otherwise affected participant in the event. There
must be a direct object for an indirect object to be placed in a sentence. In other words an indirect object cannot
exist without a direct object.

I go to Dhaka.
Dhakay/ Dhakate jay.

Slow and steady (action/work-noun) win/wins the race.

Slow and steady (person) win/wins the race.
Good book.
Karim is slow.

Verb- Ki /kake (Answer)--- Obj (complement-cliffs)

I play ckt (D). (KI)
I know him (D). (Kake)
I gave him (I) a ball (D).

Verb- Kokhon/ Kothay/ Kivabe/ Keno(Answer)--- Adverb

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 I play ckt. (Obj) (Different)

I am honest. (Subject complement) Ki-Honest. (Same) (Subject complement)

I am Jamil. (Subject complement) Ke-Jamil. (Same) (Subject complement)
This is I. Ke-I. (Subject complement) (Same) (Subject complement)

Sub & Obj- Noun & Pronoun

Complement- Noun & Pronoun & Adjective

D)

I gave him (I) = a ball (D) (Different) ((D).

We made him (D) = captain (Object Complement) ((Obj complement).

Sub
Obj (D & I)
Complement (Sub & obj)

Class Practice 01:

Decide whether the words in bold are subjects, direct objects or indirect objects
1. Shaila sent her friend an email. 6. I need your help.
2. Himel will help you with your housework. 7. He offered her coffee.
3. Where did you put the books? 8. My father bought us a new flat
4. Tonmoy gave them a bag full of money. 9. John sold me his bike
5. Alice bought a book on architecture. 10. I wish you good luck

4. COMPLEMENT
A complement is the part of a Sentence that comes after the Linking Verb or Object and is needed to make the
sentence complete. A complement is NOT an object of the sentence. A complement can be either noun or
adjective.
Types of complement
Subject complement: It describes the subject and completes the sentence.
• He is Adnan.
• They seem happy.
• The house is empty.
Object Complement: It describes the object and completes the sentence.
• We elected him chairman.
• The jury found him guilty.

Class Practice 02:

Decide whether the words in bold are subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, Subject complement or
object Complement:
Pablo(a) was extremely intelligent(b). He grew up in Oklahoma and became an expert horse rider(c) before
reaching his 18th birthday. His sister, Paula(d) was a good dancer(e). After our disagreement on the first day
of university, they(f) both became my friends(g) for life. We used to play together every afternoon. My

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 father(h) once bought a dog(i) for me(j). Paula named my dog Lucy(k). Thinking about them always makes
me(l) sad(m).
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCE (ACCORDING TO PURPOSE)
 Assertive sentences
Assertive sentences most commonly function as statements. They can be affirmative or negative. They make
statements about how things are or how they are not. The usual word order is subject (s) + verb (v) + …..
• I saw them last week.
• Some courses don’t begin until March.
 Interrogative sentences
Interrogative sentences most commonly function as questions. Interrogative sentences can be affirmative or
negative. The usual word order is:
(wh-word) + auxiliary or modal verb (aux/m) + subject + verb + …. Note of Interrogation (?)
Or
auxiliary or modal verb (aux/m) + subject + verb + ….Note of Interrogation (?)
• What are you doing?
• Does she play tennis well?
• Didn’t I work for you?
Exception: Who/What + verb + object + Note of Interrogation (?).
• Who entered the room?
• Who said it?
• What happened here?
 Imperative sentences
Imperative sentences most commonly function as commands, instructions or orders. The subject is not usually
included in an imperative clause and the base form of the verb is used. Imperative sentences can be affirmative
or negative. Negative imperatives are made with auxiliary verb do + not.
• Don’t be late
• Let’s go.
• Do not keep it in the microwave for more than two minutes.
Sometimes you (subject pronoun) can be with an imperative clause to make a command stronger or to
strengthen a contrast.
• Don’t you ever read my letters again.

 Optative Sentences
The sentence which expresses a prayer, keen wish, curse etc. is called an optative sentence. This kind of
sentence generally starts with ‘may’ and ‘wish’. Sometimes, ‘may’ remains hidden.
• May you two live long enough to see your grand children.
• May God bless us all.
• May you become successful enough to buy love.

 Exclamatory sentences
Exclamatory sentences are most commonly used to express surprise or shock. In writing an exclamation mark is
used. Exclamatory sentences usually have one of the following word orders:
What + noun + subject + verb
or
How + adjective or adverb + subject + verb
• What a lovely sister you are!
• How beautiful that house was!

-NOUN-

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 Noun can be used as/in:
➢ Subject or object of a sentence
• Cooperation is a must for good governance in a country.
• Perseverance makes you successful.
• I enjoyed seeing his bravery.
• I wanted to know the destination.
➢ Object of Gerund, Participle or Infinitive
• To mean symbol we mean something accepted by all.
• Developing strategy needs a lot of knowledge of the environment.
• Planned conspiracy must be protected.
• A rolling stone gathers no moss.
➢ Lone word after Preposition
• She is fond of money, not fame.
• I’m afraid of cruelty in a battlefield.
• She had no faith in imagination.
➢ Lone word after Articles (a, an, the)
• The poor are not always poor in mind.
• A thing of beauty is joy forever.
• She wrote an essay which emphasizes on humanity.
➢ Lone word after adjective
• She chose that apartment for its excellent interior decoration.
• I rebuked her for such a bad behavior.
➢ Between “The + of”
• The beauty of Marlene Monroe charmed all.
• The greatness of Czar becomes a history.

Class Practice 03:

1. Publishers of modern encyclopedias employ hundreds of -----------------.
(a) specialists and large editorials staffs. (b) specialists and largely editorials staffs.
(c) specialists and large edits staffs. (d) special and large editorials staffs.
(e) specialists and large editorial staffs.
2. Many kinds of vegetables ----------------.
(a) are growth in California's Imperial Valley (b) are grown in California's Imperial Valley
(c) are grow in California's Imperial Valley (d) are growth in California Imperial Valley
(e) is growth in California's Imperial Valley
3. ----------------- collected two blades of grass to cover the hidden treasures.
(a) The Garden (b) The Gardening (c) Gardening (d) The Gardener (e) Gardens
4. For -------------- who have very little money, Sivler or bonds are good option.
(a) investor (b) the investors (c) a investor (d) an investor (e) the investor

5. _______
the seal to move her pups.
(a) The disturb caused (b) The disturbed caused
(c) The disturber caused (d) The disturbance caused
(e) The disturbing caused

COUNTABLE NOUN AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

1. Countable noun can be either singular or plural. Uncountable noun does not have any gender but it always
takes singular verb unless used with countable noun.
• Honey tastes sweet.
• Two spoons of honey were prescribed by doctor

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2. Some determiners precede both countable and uncountable none whereas some precede only the former:
Countable Uncountable
Singular Plural
the the boat the boats the water
a /an a boat
some (some boat) some boats some water
no no boat no boats no water
this/ that this boat this water
these/those these boats
Countable Uncountable
Possessive our boat our boats our water
Numbers one boat two boats
a lot of/Lots of a lot of /Lots of boats a lot of/Lots of water
many/few many boats
much/little much water
all all the boat all (the) boats all (the) water
each/ every every boat
Number of A/the number of students
Amount of A large amount of water

3. Use of Some:
i) Some + singular noun shows an undefined person/thing/situation
• Some idiot dropped a milk bottle.
• The flight was delayed for some reason.
ii) Some + day/Time means a undefined future time
• I will be doctor some day
• Come and meet me some time
iii) Some + noun can also show the intensity or strong feeling about something
• The Avengers was some movie.
iv) Some shows approximation when used with numerical word
• Some twenty people attended the meeting.

4. Learn the following uncountable nouns and consider the countable forms given in the parenthesis:
accommodation laughter (uncount) research scenery(uncount)
laugh(s) (count) sight(s) (count)

English (the equipment leisure rubbish

language)
advice land lightning rice
applause evidence (uncount) litter (rubbish) shopping (uncount)
fact(s) (count) shop(s) (count)
clue(s) (count)
baggage (uncount) fruit(result) (uncount) Luck sightseeing
bag(s) (Count) Fruit(s) (edible item) (count)

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 behavior luggage (uncount) fun thunder(uncount)
suitcase(s) (count) storm(s) (count)

bread furniture machinery stuff

camping (uncount) gossip (uncount) money (uncount) clothing (uncount) clothes
camp(s) (Count) rumor(s) (count) Dollar(s) (count) (Count)

cash (uncount) permission (uncount) news transport (uncount)

coin(s) (count) permit(s) (count) vehicle(s) (count)

toast health pay (= wages) traffic

countryside harm help damage
crockery homework pollution violence
cutlery housework Progress weather
travel (uncount) housing (uncount) Proof work (uncount)
journey(s)(count) house(s) (count) job(s)(count)

education jewellery (uncount) rain knowledge

jewel(s) (count)

Please Note:
a. Damage means “loss or injury to a person or property”. It is an uncountable singular noun and has
no plural form.
• The cost of the damage to the US caused by Hurricane Ike was huge
Damages means “money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to, a person as compensation for loss or
injury”. It is an uncountable plural noun and has no singular form.
• The Claimant wishes to sue Acme for damages for its failure.
b. Work can be countable: a work of art, the works of Shakespeare.
c. We cannot use clothes in the singular or with a number. We can say some clothes but NOT four
clothes. We can say four garments or four pieces of clothing.

5. According to usage a noun can be either countable or uncountable:

Countable Uncountable
They had a nice carpet in the living-room. We bought ten square meters of carpet.
The opposition threw stones at the police. The statue is made of stone.
buy a (whole) chicken put some chicken in the sandwiches
peel some potatoes eat some potato
a glass/some glasses of water Some glass for the window
a daily paper (= newspaper) some writing paper
An iron (for ironing clothes) iron (a metal)
A tin of beans tin (a metal)
a bedside light (= lamp) the speed of light
I’ve been here lots of times. (= occasions) I haven’t got much time.
an interesting experience (= an event) experience in the job (= length of time doing it)
a small business (=company) do business (= buying and selling)
I heard a noise. constant traffic noise
He led a good life. Life isn’t fair.
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 Class Practice 4:
1. He doesn't have (many/much) money.
2. I would like (a few/a little) salt on my vegetables.
3. She bought (that/those) cards last night.
4. There are (less/fewer) students in this room than in the next room.
5. There is (too much/too many) bad news on television tonight.
6. I do not want (these/this) water.
7. This is (too many/too much) information to learn.
8. A (few/little) people left early.
9. Would you like (less/fewer) coffee than this?
10. This jacket costs (too much/too many).

PRONOUN-
A pronoun is a word used to stand for (or take the place of) a noun. In other words, a pronoun can refer to
an earlier noun or pronoun in the sentence.
We do not say: Lincoln dreamt that Lincoln will be the team captain.
Rather we say: Lincoln dreamt that he will be the team captain. (“he” replaces “Lincoln”)
He liked us and our attitude more than theirs in themselves.
Candidates are expected to learn following forms of pronoun/(adjective)
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Person Number
Pronoun Pronoun Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
Singular I me my mine myself
1st
Plural We us our ours ourselves
2nd You you your yours yourself/ves
She her her hers herself
He him his his Himself *
Singular
It It Its Its Itself
3rd
One One One’s Oneself
Plural They them their theirs Themselves *
Any Number Who Whom Whose
* Not Hisself or Theirselves

POSITION OF VARIOUS PRONOUNS (ADJECTIVE)

1. Subject pronoun is usually used as subject of a sentence. It is used
a. Before verb
• He lives in Dhaka

b. After “to be” verb

• It is he who has captained our team.
c. After conjunction
• He had met me before he left the hostel
• I went to hospital after I had heard the news
• His parents were happy for he was selected in the cricket team.
2. Object pronoun is usually used as object of a sentence. It is used
a. After a verb
• You should give him the opportunity

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 b. After preposition
• She worked here beforeus
• Recite afterme
• My teaching was useful forthem
c. After “Let”
• Let her arrange the picnic.
3. Possessive adjective (Not “Pronoun”) is used to state possession. It must precede either a noun or verb+ing.
a. Before a noun
• Where is my shirt?
b. Before verb+ing
• I did not like his coming here.
4. Possessive pronoun are used to avoid repetition of noun
• His car is costlier than my car. (car is repeated)
• His car is costlier than mine. (Repetition avoided)
5. A reflexive pronoun is normally used when the object of a sentence is the same as the subject.
• He cannot walk himself.
a. To put emphasis reflexive pronoun can take the position just after the subject.
• I myself can do the work.

Class Practice 5:
1. It should be −−−−−−−−−−−−−.
(a) her with whom you share your secrets, not me
(b) her with whom you share your secrets, not I.
(c) she with whom you share your secrets, not me.
(d) she with whom you share your secrets, not I.
(e) her with who you share your secrets, not me.
2. Nobody came to visit me while _______ was in hospital.
(a) I (b) me (c) my (d) myself (e) of me
3. Do the police think the thief to be _______?
(a) man (b) I (c) him (d) his (e) himself
4. I can't believe _______ .
(a) she and her father (b)she and hers father
(c) she and he father (d) she and his father
(e) her and her father
5. Nobody in _______ common sense would do such a thing.
(a) his (b) one's (c) their (d) hers (e) him

6. The _______ of Nero near it.

(a) its name not for its size but for a colossal large Coliseum received statue
(b) Coliseum received its name not for theirs size but for a colossal large statue
(c) Coliseum received its name not for its size but for a colossal large statue
(d) Coliseum received its name not for his size but for a colossal large statue
(e) name not for its size but for a colossal large Coliseum received its statue
7. "Harry and I have a lot in common." "Yes, Your ideas, _______ somewhat unusual to me."
(a) like him, is (b) like his, is (c) like he, are (d) ike his, are (e) like he, is
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8. The readers like _______ better than mine.
(a) him and her (b) him and she (c) his and hers (d) him and she (e) he and she
9. An ant can carry an object larger than _______ .
(a) it (b) its (c) it's (d) itself (e) it salves.
10. Ishita was able to maintain –––––– although her parents had left her in a financial crisis.
(a) themselves (b) each other (c) herself (d) myself (e) himself

ANTECEDENT OF PRONOUNS
1. A pronoun and its antecedent must agree. They should both be singular or both be plural.
Singular: Dr. Ellen Wong finished her reports
Plural: The doctors finished their reports.

2. Even though some indefinite pronouns have plural meanings, treat them as grammatically singular.
Check the below table
any each everyone none someone
anybody either everything no one something
anyone everybody neither
Incorrect : Everyone in my English class does their homework.
Correct : Everyone in my English class does his or her homework.
Incorrect : When someone has been drinking, they are likely to speed.
Correct : When someone has been drinking, he or she is likely to speed.

3. Treat generic nouns as singular even though they might have a plural meaning. Be careful when you
use a or any, every, or each.
Incorrect : Every boy on the team must try their best if they want their team to win.
Correct : Every boy on the team must try his best if he wants his team to win.
Incorrect : A nursing student must study hard if they want to succeed.
Correct : A nursing student must study hard if he or she wants to succeed.

4. Treat collective nouns as singular unless the meaning is clearly plural.

audience club couple family troop
class committee crowd jury group
Singular : The committee granted its permission.
Plural : The committee put their signatures on the document.
Singular : The committee plans to work on its budget next week.
Plural : The audience clapped their hands.

5. Treat most compound antecedents connected by and as plural.

Incorrect : Joan and Jim moved to the mountains, where he or she built a cabin.
Correct : Joan and Jim moved to the mountains, where they built a cabin.

6. When a compound antecedent is connected by “or” or “nor” (or by “either...or” or “neither...nor”),

the pronoun agrees with the nearer antecedent.
Neither the dog nor the cats could find their way through the maze.
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 Either Jill or Kate will probably get first prize for her essay.
Neither the father nor his sons like to get their hair cut short.

Each & Every

Each book. (SCN)
Every book. (SCN)
He carried a bag in each/every hand. (2) MAXIMUM
Each/every of the boy/boys received a gift.
Each/every player played well. MORE THAN 2

Each Every
Each & Every both are used with singular noun. (Every House, Each Cat)
Each emphasizes on Individual. Every : emphasizes on Group. (Every business owner
(Each teacher at our school is creative) is clever)
Each: (For 02 items/ Individual item) Every : (Every is for a larger number / Indefinite
number/ Aggregate number)
Every : (For time expressions/ frequency)
Every Sunday, Every month
❖ Look at these examples:
• Study each sentence carefully. (Here each means individually).
• Each player played well. (Individual performance)
N.B: (at aggregate you can say every player played well).
• Each of the children received a gift. (with of you can’t use every; you have to use each)
N.B: (make sure that it will follow -the+ plural noun/ pronoun).
• He met each of/every of the team members personally.
• There are two boys. Each is smiling.
• He carried a bag in each hand.
• In a football match, each team has 11 players. (2 teams in a match).
• I have read every book in the library. (Larger number/ Indefinite number)
N.B: (You can say each also for the purpose of individual book which sounds less formal than every).
• Every house in the town is painted white. (Larger number/ Indefinite number)
• She plays Tennis every Sunday. (For time expressions/ frequency)
• I wash my car every month. (For time expressions/ frequency)
• The manager wants to speak to every employee in his office. (To all in a group use every)
• The manager wants to speak to each employee in his office.(Individually)

MANY, FEW, A FEW, THE FEW; MUCH, LITTLE, A LITTLE, THE LITTLE
❖ Many, (Very) Few, A few, The few- Before Countable Noun
❖ Much, Little, A little, The little- Before Uncountable noun
Many= a lot of Much= a lot of
A few A Little Positive Sense (Not much/not little); Can
replace the word Some
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 (Very) Few (Very) Little Negative Sense
The few The Little All that is left

❖ If there is very put Few/Little not A Few/ A Little

❖ A lot of/ lots of (less formal) can replace the words Many/Much.
❖ It is better to use a lot of in positive sentences rather than Many/Much if you are in confusion.
• I eat much/a lot of rice;
❖ After the words Too, So, As, Very use “Many/ Much” not “A lot of.”
• (So much information; Too many questions; As much money; very many ways.)
❖ The few/ The little (All the rest)
• Give me the little milk left in the cup.
• The few books that I had were sold.
• The little money I had, I have spent it.

Both, , Either, Neither, None, Any, All

None 0/Many (2+; Singular V & Plural V) Any 1/Many (2+; Singular V)
Neither 0/2 (Singular V) Both 2/2 (Plural V)
Either ½ (Singular V) All Many (2+)/Many (2+) (Plural V)

1. __ Both/ Either/ Neither ___ of the two boys came late.

2. __ Both/ Either/ Neither ___ of the two boys is/was late.
3. __ Both/ Either/ Neither ___ of the two boys are/were late.

We go/are
He goes/is

We went/were
He went/was

We will go
He will go

All that glitters is not gold.

Sub+verb+obj( thakteo pare/ nao pare)

4. __ None/ Any/ All ___ of the six girls came late.

5. __ None (No One) (0)/ Any/ All ___ of the six girls is/was late.
6. __ None (Not One) (More than 1= 2/3/4/5)/ Any/ All ___ of the six girls are/were late.

None= No one (0) (VS)

None= Not one (More than 1) (VP)
2= Both/ Either/ Neither
2+= None/ Any/ All
2/2= Both (VP) 6/6= all (VP)
1/2= Either (VS) (5-4-3-2)/6= None (VP)
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 0/2= Neither (VS) 1/6 =any (VS)
0/6= None (VS)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
All (whole) is well.
All (6) of the six girls are late.
___ALL (whole)____ of your hand is/are damaged.
• All of the books (P) are burnt. (CPN) VP
• All of the book (S) is burnt. (CSN) VS
• All of the water is polluted. (UN) VS
• All is well. (NN) VS

VOCAB
WORD MEANING
01 abdicate give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors
02 aberrant markedly different from an accepted norm
03 abeyance temporary cessation or suspension
04 abject of the most contemptible kind
05 abjure formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief
06 abscission the act of cutting something off
07 abscond run away, often taking something or somebody along
08 abstemious marked by temperance in indulgence
09 abstinence the trait of refraining from something, especially alcohol
10 abysmal so deep as to be immeasurable
11 accretion an increase by natural growth or addition
12 accrue grow by addition
13 adamant very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem
14 adjunct something added to another thing but not essential to it
15 admonish scold or reprimand; take to task
16 adulterate make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance
17 aesthetic characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste
18 affected influenced
19 affinity a natural attraction or feeling of kinship
20 aggrandize embellish; increase the scope, power, or importance of
21 aggregate a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together
22 alacrity liveliness and eagerness
23 alchemy a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times
24 allay lessen the intensity of or calm
25 alleviate provide physical relief, as from pain
26 alloy a mixture containing two or more metallic elements
27 allure the power to entice or attract
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 WORD MEANING
28 amalgamate bring or combine together or with something else
29 ambiguous having more than one possible meaning
30 ambivalence mixed feelings or emotions
31 ambrosia the food and drink of the gods
32 ameliorate make better
33 amenable disposed or willing to comply
34 amenity pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions
35 amulet a trinket thought to be a magical protection against evil
36 anachronism something located at a time when it could not have existed
37 analgesic capable of relieving pain
38 analogous similar or equivalent in some respects
39 anarchy a state of lawlessness and disorder
40 anodyne capable of relieving pain
41 anomalous deviating from the general or common order or type
42 antecedent a preceding occurrence or cause or event
43 antediluvian of or relating to the period before the biblical flood
44 antipathy a feeling of intense dislike
45 apathy an absence of emotion or enthusiasm
46 apex the highest point of something
47 apogee the farthest point in an orbit around the Earth
48 apothegm a short pithy instructive saying
49 appease make peace with
50 appellation identifying words by which someone or something is called
51 apposite being of striking appropriateness and pertinence
52 apprise inform somebody of something
53 approbation official acceptance or agreement
54 appropriate suitable for a particular person, place, or situation
55 apropos of an appropriate or pertinent nature
56 arabesque position in which the dancer has one leg raised behind
57 archeology the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
58 ardor feelings of great warmth and intensity
59 arduous characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion
60 argot a characteristic language of a particular group
61 arrest take into custody
62 artifact a man-made object
63 artless simple and natural; without cunning or deceit
64 ascetic someone who practices self-denial as a spiritual discipline
65 asperity harshness of manner
66 aspersion a disparaging remark
67 assiduous marked by care and persistent effort
68 assuage provide physical relief, as from pain
69 astringent tending to draw together or constrict soft organic tissue
70 asylum a shelter from danger or hardship
71 atavism a reappearance of an earlier characteristic
72 attenuate become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude
73 audacious disposed to venture or take risks
74 austere of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor
75 autonomous existing as an independent entity
76 avarice reprehensible acquisitiveness; insatiable desire for wealth
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 WORD MEANING
77 aver declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
78 avocation an auxiliary activity
79 avuncular being or relating to an uncle
80 axiomatic evident without proof or argument
81 bacchanalian used of riotously drunken merrymaking
82 banal repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse
83 banter light teasing repartee
84 bard a lyric poet
85 bawdy humorously vulgar
86 beatify make blessedly happy
87 bedizen decorate tastelessly
88 behemoth someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful
89 belie be in contradiction with
90 beneficent doing or producing good
91 bifurcate split or divide into two
92 blandishment flattery intended to persuade
93 blasé uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence
94 bolster support and strengthen
95 bombastic ostentatiously lofty in style
96 boorish ill-mannered and coarse in behavior or appearance
97 bovine any of various wild or domestic cattle
98 brazen unrestrained by convention or propriety
99 broach bring up a topic for discussion
100 bucolic devoted to raising sheep or cattle

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS

One who is out to subvert a government Anarchist One who hates mankind Misanthrope
One who is recovering from illness Convalescent One who looks on the bright side of things Optimist
One who is all powerful Omnipotent One who looks on the dark side of things Pessimist
One who is present everywhere Omnipresent One who doubts the existence of god Agnostic
One who knows everything Omniscient One who pretends to be what he is not Hypocrite
One who is easily deceived Gullible One incapable of being tired Indefatigable
One who works for free Volunteer One who helps others Good Samaritan
One who does not make mistakes Infallible One who copies from other writers Plagiarist
One who can do anything for money Mercenary One who hates women Misogynist
One who has no money Pauper One who knows many languages Polyglot
One who changes sides Turncoat One who is fond of sensuous pleasures Epicure
One who loves books Bibliophile One who thinks only of himself Egoist
One who can speak two languages Bilingual One who thinks only of welfare of women Feminist
One who loves mankind Philanthropist One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain Stoic

Home Practice 01
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01. Created in October, 1972, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, which enacted a host of regulations
affecting a wide range of goods, from overly flammable mattresses to unhealthy aerosol sprays to
fireworks.
(a) the Consumer Product Safety Commission, which enacted a host of regulations affecting a wide range of goods
(b) the Consumer Product Safety Commission enacted a host of regulations affecting a wide range of goods
(c) a host of regulations affecting a wide range of goods enacted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission
(d) a host of regulations enacted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, which affected a wide range of goods
(e) when a host of regulations affecting a wide range of goods was enacted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission
02. Two hundred million years ago, during the Jurassic period, all of the land area on Earth, found in one
large continent called Pangea, which eventually broke apart through a process now known as continental
drift.
(a) all of the land area on earth, found in one large continent called pangea, which
(b) one large continent, in which all of the land area on earth was found, called pangea, and it
(c) one large continent called pangea, in which all of the land area on earth was found, which
(d) one large continent was called pangea, in which all of the land area on earth was found and
(e) all of the land area on earth was found in one large continent called pangea, which
03. In the sixteenth century, the forests were destroyed in Britain, which meant not only a shortage of the
most important building material of the time, but also a fuel shortage.
(a) the forests were destroyed in britain, which meant not only a shortage
(b) the forests in britain were destroyed, which meant a shortage not only
(c) the forests were destroyed in britain, meaning a shortage not only
(d) destruction of the forests in britain meant not only a shortage
(e) destruction of the forests in britain meant a shortage not only
04. A technique known as silicon nano-surgery, routinely used at computer chip factories around the
world, have transformed the way they develop modern computer chips.
(a) have transformed the way they develop modern computer chips
(b) having transformed their development of modern computer chips
(c) it has transformed the way to develop modern computer chips
(d) has transformed the way modern computer chips are developed
(e) has been to transform the way modern computer chips are developed
05. Foot races of varying distances were the first and, for many years beginning in 776 B.C.E., as the only
Olympic event.
(a) as the only olympic event (b) it was the only olympic event
(c) only they were olympic events (d) only olympic event
(e) the only olympic events
06. The remains of the Apatosaurus provide evidence of there being giants existing on Earth during the late
Jurassic period.
(a) of there being giants existing (b) of there having been giants existing
(c) of there existing giants (d) that giants have existed
(e) that giants existed
07. Radio frequencies have to be allocated to users so that one transmission will not interfere with another.
(a) one transmission will not interfere with another (b) each transmission cannot interfere with another's
(c) transmitting them will not interfere with one another (d) no transmission is interfered with by another
(e) no one transmission would have interference with the other
08. Except in mathematics, absolute proof is more often an ideal to be sought than a goal to be reached, a fact
that the courts recognize by setting varying standards of proof for different kinds of cases.
(a) a fact that the courts recognize by setting (b) which the courts recognize and set
(c) and this is recognized when the courts are setting (d) and it is recognized by the courts when they set
(e) and the courts recognize this fact setting
09. Because you simultaneously focus two eyes on an object, employing a sophisticated method of
determining distance and perceiving depth, we call our vision binocular.
(a) you simultaneously focus two eyes on an object (b) you simultaneously focus on an object by two eyes
(c) of our simultaneous focus on an object with two eyes (d) of our simultaneously focusing on an object by two eyes
(e) we simultaneously focus two eyes on an object

10. The company announced that it would close all 53 of their commercial banking branches and they are to
lay off 850 people.

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 (a) their commercial banking branches and they are to lay (b) their commercial banking branches and laying
(c) its commercial banking branches and laying (d) its commercial branches and to lay
(e) its commercial banking branches and lay
11. In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman mistakenly believes that his sons have no flaws, believing which
leads to many problems for the entire family.
(a) believing which leads (b) a belief that leads
(c) and which is to lead (d) the belief of which leads
(e) his believing this leads
12. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he failed to keep either of them
after the election.
(a) although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he
(b) the candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
(c) although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and improve services, he
(d) having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidate
(e) the candidate's promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he
13. By the end of the eighteenth century, watchmaking technology had greatly improved, and they were
standard equipment for military personnel.
(a) and they were standard equipment for military personnel
(b) so it was standard equipment for military personnel to have watches
(c) with watches included in the standard equipment for military personnel
(d) and watches had become standard equipment for military personnel
(e) and for military personnel it was standard equipment
14. Nancy and Carlos will represent Central High in the swimming competition, their work in this having
been excellent this year.
(a) competition, their work in this having been excellent this year
(b) competition, they have done excellent work this year in this
(c) competition, for this year they have done excellent work in this
(d) competition, for their swimming has been excellent this year
(e) competition, their work as swimmers having been excellent this year
15. In neighborhoods throughout the United States, one can encounter hundreds of different rope-jumping
games, each with its own rules.
(a) each with its own rules (b) each having their own rules
(c) when they each have their own rules (d) which has its own rules
(e) they each have rules of their own
16. A stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter the classroom carrying a bowling ball.
(a) a stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter the classroom carrying a bowling ball.
(b) a stranger carrying a bowling ball, the students were surprised to see him entering the classroom.
(c) the students were surprised to see a stranger enter the classroom, and he carried a bowling ball.
(d) the students were surprised to see a stranger carrying a bowling ball enter the classroom.
(e) the students, who were surprised to see a stranger enter the classroom carrying a bowling ball.
17. Reviews of books and films have generally been exempt from the standards of libel that are applied to
news stories, but they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and criticism.
(a) they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and criticism
(b) questions are now being asked by them as to the distinction between reporting and criticism
(c) the distinction between reporting and criticism is now being questioned
(d) the question they are asking now is whether there is a distinction between reporting and criticism
(e) the distinction they make between reporting and criticism is now questioned
18. It underlies the poem that human beings are free to choose and may be blamed for their choices.
(a) it underlies the poem (b) in the poem, they assumed
(c) in the poem, a basic assumption which is made is (d) it is an assumption that underlies the poem
(e) the basic assumption of the poem is
19. Farming in that area of the country is inefficient because of their farm machinery shortage and that they
lack the knowledge to operate it.
(a) because of their farm machinery shortage and that they lack the
(b) in that they have a shortage of farm machinery and a lack of
(c) because of the shortage of farm machinery and their lacking the
(d) in that there is both a shortage of farm machinery as well as a lack of
(e) because of the shortage of farm machinery and the lack of
20. After carefully studying both of the articles, Dr. Rodriguez and Nurse Alba found that the only difference
between them were their titles.
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 (a) them were their titles (b) them were the titles
(c) the articles were the titles (d) the articles was that of the titles
(e) the articles was their titles
21. Although their language and people that are not of European origin, Finland is generally considered part
of Scandinavia, which also includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
(a) their language and people that are (b) it has a language and people that are
(c) they have languages and people (d) its language and people are
(e) there are languages and people that are
22. Environmentally hazardous contamination of the water and air is one of the more serious and complex
issues facing urban centers in the United States, where they have an effect on public health, property
values, and the quality of life is magnified by the density of population.
(a) they have an (b) their
(c) an (d) it has an
(e) its
23. Giant stars, or those that weigh 100 times what the Sun weighs, are important to galaxies and the
universe because with furious combustion, it produces many important elements that form planets and
other bodies, including carbon, oxygen, sodium, and neon.
(a) because with furious combustion, it produces (b) because their furious combustion produces
(c) due to their furious combustion, producing (d) as their furious combustion produced
(e) in that with furious combustion, they produced
24. While cotton is still one of Georgia's chief cash crops, the number of acres devoted to its cultivation
grows smaller every year.
(a) devoted to its cultivation grows (b) it devotes to the cultivation of it grow
(c) they devoted to its cultivation can grow (d) devoted to its cultivation growing
(e) they devoted to the cultivation of it are growing
25. Cryonics — the technique used to store human bodies at extremely low temperatures with the hope of one
day reviving them — are being performed today, but their technology is still in its infancy.
(a) are being performed today, but their technology (b) are being performed today, while the technology
(c) which is being performed today, using technology that (d) is being performed today, but their technology
(e) is being performed today, but the technology
26. Pilots at the airline, angered at the prospect of seeing their pension plans replaced with less generous
versions, vowed to use legal means to fight it.
(a) it (b) them
(c) this (d) such a move
(e) that from happening
27. The plans were made too hastily, without enough thought behind it.
(a) too hastily, without enough thought behind it (b) too hasty, without enough thought behind it
(c) too hastily, without enough thought behind them (d) too hasty, and there is not enough thought behind them
(e) too hastily, and there is not enough thought behind it
28. When chronological order is followed too mechanically, they are obscuring rather than clarifying
important relationships.
(a) when chronological order is followed too mechanically, they are obscuring rather than clarifying important relationships.
(b) when chronological order is followed too mechanically, it obscures rather than clarifying important relationships.
(c) chronological order, if too mechanically followed, obscures rather than it clarifies important relationships.
(d) chronological order, if followed too mechanically, obscures rather than clarifies important relationships.
(e) if you follow a too mechanical chronological order, it obscures rather than clarifies important relationships.
29. Small marine crustaceans known as krill are often fed to farm animals, but there is not much human consumption.
(a) animals, but there is not much human consumption
(b) animals, but consumption is not done much by people
(c) animals but are rarely eaten by people
(d) animals, but eating them is rarely done by humans
(e) animals, but among people there is not much consumption
30. The Portuguese musical tradition known as fado, or "fate," has been called the Portuguese blues
because of their songs that bemoan someone's misfortune, especially the loss of romantic love.
(a) of their songs that bemoan someone's (b) of their songs bemoaning their
(c) its songs bemoan (d) the songs that bemoaned
(e) of how it bemoans their
31. After Eliza, the heroine of Shaw's Pygmalion, is transformed from a flower girl into a gentle woman, she
realizes that one's social class matters less than your character.

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 (a) she realizes that one's social class matters less than your
(b) she realizes that one's social class matters less than one's
(c) then realizing that one's social class matters less than their
(d) having realized how social class matters less than
(e) there is her realization about how social class matters less than
32. Knowing the roots of words that are hard to spell helps students to become a better speller.
(a) helps students to become a better speller (b) is helpful to students who want to be a better speller
(c) helps students to become better spellers (d) is helpful to students in becoming a better speller
(e) helps a student be better spellers
Home Practice 02
1. ------------ are playing amicably.
(a) Boys (b) The boy (c) The boys (d) A boy (e) Much of the boys
2. Developing ---------------- needs a lot of knowledge of the environment.
(a) the strategy (b) a bit strategy (c) strategical (d) strategically (e) a strategy
3. A dolphin six ———————— length can move as fast as most ships.
(a) foot in (b) feet in (c) foot of (d) feet of (e) foots of
4. Price level depends on --------------- level prevailing in the market.
(a) consume (b) the consumption
(c) a consumption (d) lots of the consumption
(e) a lots of consumption
5. They represented ------------------ against the verdict.
(a) hundreds of arguments (b) hundreds of argument
(c) hundreds of arguments (d) hundreds of argument
(e) a hundreds of argument
6. ———— partners can usually sell their mutually owned property without consulting each
other unless they have agreed to a separate contract.
(a) A big businesses (b) The Businesses (c) Business (d) One business (e) For business
7. A desert receives less than twenty-five ——— of rainfall every year.
(a) centimeter (b) a centimeter (c) centimeters (d) of centimeters (e) a cetremeters
8. —— at 212 degrees F, and freezes at 32 degrees F.
(a) Waters boils (b) The water boils (c) Water boils (d) Waters boil (e) A water
9. It is generally believed that an M.B.A degree is good preparation for a career in ————
(a) a business (b) business (c) businesses (d) one business (e) a businesses
10. Unemployment compensation is money to support an unemployed person while he or she is
looking for —.
(a) job (b) a job (c) works (d) a work (e) the job
11. Fire-resistant materials are used to retard ——— of modern aircraft in case of accidents.
(a) a damage to the passenger cabin (b) that damages to the passenger cabin
(c) damage to the passenger cabin (d) passenger cabin's damages
12. Accounting, in general, refers to a combination ———— both science and arts.
(a) for branches of (b) of the branches of
(c) of the branches for (d) of the branch of (e) of branch of
13. According to estimates by some botanists, there are ———— of plants.
(a) seven thousand type (b) seven thousand type’s
(c) type of seven thousand (d) types seven thousand
(e) seven thousand types
14. A good -------------------------- makes trade deal much more flexible.
(a) affiliate (b) affiliates (c) affiliation (d) affiliated (e) affiliating
15. ———— is not a new idea.
(a) The planning of cities (b) Cities to plan them
(c) Plan cities (d) To planning cities
(e) Plans cities

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Choose the Correct Sentence/s (16-20).
16. (a) A greater number of conveyance media were introduced by the company.
(b) A greater number of conveyance expense was incurred by the committee
(c) A greater amount of expense was incurred by the committee
(d) A greater number of expense was incurred by the committee
(e) Both A or C can be correct.
17. (a) The supervisor offered us any of these type of topics out of the population.
(b) The supervisor offered us any of this types of topics out of the population.
(c) The supervisor offered us any of these types of topics out of the population.
(d) The supervisor offered us any of these types of topic out of the population.
(e) The supervisor offer us any of these types of topics out of the populated.
18. (a) Teacher gave a lot of homework to us. (b) Teacher gave us a lot of home works
(c) Teacher gave us a lots of home works (d) Teacher gave us a lots of homework
(e) Teacher gave to us a lot of home works
19. (a) Planting trees is a custom that much people engage in to celebrate Arbor Day.
(b) Planting tree are a custom that many people engage in to celebrate Arbor Day.
(c) Planting trees is a customary that many people engage in to celebrate Arbor Day.
(d) Planting trees is a custom that many people engage in to celebrate Arbor Day.
(e) Planting trees is a custom that many people engage in to celebration Arbor Day.
20. (a) When the Red Cross brought fooding, the situation was mercifully improved.
(b) When the Red Cross brought food, the situation was mercifully improved.
(c) When the Red Cross brought food, the situated was mercifully improved.
(d) When the Red Cross brought food, the situation was mercifully improvement.
(e) When the Red Cross brought food, the situation was merciful improved.
21. You can check my wardrob (e) I have ____ dress shirts.
(a) a lots of (b) much (c) a few (d) a little (e) None of the above
22. May I borrow ____ books about economics from you?
(a) the little (b) much (c) a few (d) a little (e) None of the above
23. I wash all my clothes, but I only iron ___ of them.
(a) the little (b) much (c) a few (d) a little (e) None of the above
24. I tried on ____ pairs of high heels, but I bought a pair of sneakers.
(a) the little (b) much (c) a few (d) a little (e) None of the above
25. I only carry ____ money and my glasses in my handbag.
(a) many (b) few (c) a (d) a few (e) a little
26. I love swimming very ____.
(a) many (b) few (c) a many (d) much (e) a much
27. I have ___ scarves. I like to wear them when it's cold outside.
(a) a few (b) much (c) many (d) A or C (e) None
28. I have got ____ friends abroad, not many.
(a) the little (b) much (c) a plenty of (d) a little (e) a few
29. I don't like to wear a lot of jewelry, but I put on____ make-up every day.
(a) many (b) few (c) a little (d) much (e) a few
30. I don't have ____ pairs of pants.
(a) the little (b) much (c) many (d) a little (e) a much
31. I bring ____ water when I go shopping.
(a) many (b) few (c) a little (d) a much (e) a few
32. How ---------- money do you have?
(a) many (b) few (c) a (d) much (e) a many
33. How -------- jewelry do you have?
(a) many (b) few (c) a (d) a much (e) much
34. How ____ does that cost?
(a) many (b) few (c) a (d) much (e) None of the above
35. How -------- do you swim in a training session?
(a) many (b) few (c) a (d) very much (e) much

36. Do you wear ____ blouses?

(a) the little (b) much (c) many (d) a little (e) less

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37. Do you have ____ denim in your closet?
(a) many (b) few (c) a (d) much (e) None of the above

38. Do you carry ____ things in your purse?

(a) many (b) much (c) a few (d) a little (e) much many
39. Are all your undershirts dirty? No, there are ____ left in my closet.
(a) the little (b) much (c) few (d) a little (e) a few
40. How much have you earned? Not a lot, only ____.
(a) a lot of (b) few (c) many (d) a little (e) a many
41. There's no need to hurry. We've got ---------time.
(a) plenty of (b) many (c) little (d) few (e) a few
42. I've had -------to eat. I don't want any more.
(a) a much (b) many (c) plenty (d) few (e) None of the above
43. We didn't spend ----------- money.
(a) much (b) many (c) a lot of (d) A or C (e) a much
44. Do you know ----------- people?
(a) much (b) many (c) a lot of (d) B or C (e) None of the above
45. I don't go out -------------.
(a) much (b) a lot (c) plenty (d) A or B (e) lot
46. We spent ------------- money.
(a) a many (b) many (c) a lot of (d) few (e) much
47. He goes out ----------.
(a) a lot (b) fewer (c) few (d) the few (e) a much
48. -------------- People drive too fast.
(a) Much (b) Little (c) Many (d) Few (e) None of the above
49. —— ten species of deer have been identified.
(a) As many (b) As many as C.As much as (d) Much as (e) Many as
50. There are —— dangerous drivers.
(a) a very lot of (b) a very many of (c) very much of (d) a lot of (e) very many of
51. New chemicals are not always tested to determine if ⎯⎯ will cause cancer.
(a) it (b) she (c) he (d) us (e) they
52. The Prickly Pear anchors ⎯⎯ on rocky, barren slopes and collects quality building materials.
(a) it (b) itself (c) their (d) themselves (e) for it
53. The Italian dramatist and poet was a judge who gained literary recognition late in – life
(a) him (b) his (c) their (d) them (e) that
54. The police academy trains ⎯⎯ dogs to fetch things on command.
(a) us (b) his (c) hers (d) theirs (e) its
55. The thieves knew precisely ⎯⎯ the collection of priceless jewels was hidden.
(a) their (b) then (c) who (d) what (e) where
56. As the bare mountains turned green, the people found ⎯⎯ looking forward to spring.
(a) they (b) them (c) their (d) themselves (e) theirs
57. A sizable proportion of the homeless claim that ⎯⎯hope is to have a place to live.
(a) them (b) their (c) they (d) there (e) here
58. The Judges at the fair are delighted to inform you that ––––– are one of the selected finalists.
(a) your (b) yours (c) you (d) yourself (e) none
59. Mary Cassette was an inventive printmaker, and ⎯⎯were always at the service of the public.
(a) her talents (b) she was talented (c) talent of hers (d) hers, talents (e) talent of her
60. We thank many editors ⎯⎯⎯ assisted us in the preparation of this book.
(a) they (b) whose (c) whom (d) who (e) for whom
61. The sense of touch is essential in locating external objects if ⎯⎯⎯ close to our bodies.
(a) it is (b) they are (c) their (d) they (e) there
62. Although –––––– is still studied in many colleges and universities, Latin is no longer spoken as an
everyday tongue.
(a) they (b) he (c) she (d) it (e) you

63. Most labor unions provide insurance benefits⎯⎯.

(a) at your members (b) in they members
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 (c) for their members (d) for its members (e) for its member
64. Many people hate to eat in restaurants by ——.
(a) themselves (b) theirselves (c) himself (d) ourselves (e) them
65. They're going to build their dreamhouse ⎯⎯ .
(a) themselves (b) each other (c) herself (d) myself (e) one another
66. My parents live abroad but we phone — every week.
(a) themselves (b) each other (c) herself (d) myself (e) ours
67. I don't really enjoy traveling by ⎯⎯. I get lonely.
(a) themselves (b) I (c) me (d) myself (e) mine
68. He shouldn't work so hard. He'll make ⎯⎯ill.
(a) themselves (b) himself (c) herself (d) myself (e) yourself
69. I miss Joshua so much. It's many years since we met ⎯⎯.
(a) themselves (b) each other (c) herself (d) myself (e) him
70. When Franklin Roosevelt became very ill, his wife began to take a more active role in politics, and many
people believed that ———— and the president shared his responsibilities.
(a) she (b) her (c) herself (d) hers (e) his
71. The lady was not able to maintain ——— as her father departed few days ago.
(a) she (b) herself (c) her (d) hers (e) for her
72. He was so worried about ⎯⎯ he should ask to the big dance, that he ended up not asking anyone.
(a) who (b) whom (c) whose (d) that (e) of who
73. Neither Tashonda nor ⎯ am responsible for this mess.
(a) I (b) me (c) him (d) them (e) us
74. This is a matter which you and ⎯⎯ will decide.
(a) I (b) me (c) them (d) his (e) mine
75. Since the Earth's crust is much thicker under the continents, equipment would have to be capable of
drilling through 100,000 feet of rock to investigate the mantle ——.
(a) beneath them (b) beneath their (c) beneath its (d) beneath they (e) beneath it
76. Charlie Chaplain was a comedian —— was best known for his work in silent movies.
(a) who (b) which (c) whose (d) what (e) whom
77. The baby is crying for −−−−−−−− mother.
(a) one's (b) his (c) her (d) hers (e) its
78. You have passed all the exams so you should be very proud of ⎯⎯⎯ .
(a) yourselves (b) each other (c) herself (d) myself (e) him

Writing
01. Translate the following into Bangla.
Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of system of thought. A theory however elegant and
economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and
will arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded
on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot overrid (e) For this reason justice denies that the
loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices
imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore, in a just society
the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political
bargaining or to the calculus of social interests. [BB Officer Gen-2018]
02. Translate the following into English.
আঠার া/ উনিশ শতরে ঢাো জীবি আলাদা নিল। নেন্তু সমস্ত পূব বপঙ্গ নিল এেটা পশ্চাৎ ভূনম। বাাংলা াজধািী কোলোতা থাোয় কসখারিই নিল সমস্ত নশক্ষা-
দীক্ষা, ব্যবসা-বানিজয এবাং সমৃনি। পূব ব বাাংলা কথরে সমস্ত অথ ব-সম্পদ চরল কেত কোলোতা কেনিে জনমদা রদ হারত, োরদ অরিরে ই জনমদা ী নিল
বাাংলারদরশ। এই বঞ্চিা ইনতহাস দীর্ ব হরত হরত কুঁনি শতরে ক ািা নদরে ঢাো কেনিে এেটা প্রবল আরদালি শুরু হরলা নিজস্ব স্বাতরযয জন্য। সামনিে
দৃনিরোণ কথরে ইাংর নজ শাসে াও বুঝরত কপর নিরলি কে পূব ববঙ্গ সনতযই বঞ্চিা নশো হরে। তা া এও বুঝরত কপর নিরলি কে এখারি কস অরথ ব কোি
মধ্যনবত্ত কেনণও কিই ো া তারদ নিজস্ব ব্যবসা-বানণজয নবেনশত ে রত পার । আর েটি বি অভাব তা া নচনিত ের নিল আ তা নিল নশক্ষা অভাব। এ প
১৯০৫ সারল প্রথম েখি বঙ্গভঙ্গ হল তখি ঢাো এেটি প্রারদনশে াজধািী মোদা ব কপল। তখিই সনতযো অরথ ব কজর ওরঠ ঢাো। তখি কে সমস্ত বাঙ্গানল ঢাো
বাইর নিল তারদ দৃনি পিরত শুরু ে ল ঢাো নদরে। কসই সমরয়ই আসরল পূব ববরঙ্গ জা ি শুরু হয়। [BB AD 2017]
03. Write an Essay on "Present scenario of women empowerment in Bangladesh"
04. Write a Paragraph on "Ways to solve unemployment problem of Bangladesh"

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 Answer Sheet (Home Practice-1):
1. B 2. E 3. D 4. D 5. E 6. E 7. A 8. A 9. E 10. E
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. E 20. E
21. D 22. E 23. B 24. A 25. E 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. C
31. B 32. C
Correct Answers (Home Exercise 2):
1. A & C 2. E, 3. B, 4. B, 5. C, 6. C, 7. C, 8.C, 9. B, 10. B, 11. C,
12. B, 13. E, 14. C, 15. A, 16. E, 17. C, 18. A, 19. D, 20. B, 21. C, 22. C,
23. C, 24. C, 25. E, 26. D, 27. D, 28. E, 29. C, 30. C, 31.C, 32. D, 33. E,
34. D, 35. E, 36. C, 37. D, 38. A, 39. E, 40. D, 41. A, 42. C, 43. D, 44. D,
45. D, 46. E, 47. A, 48. C, 49. B, 50. D, 51. E, 52. B, 53. B, 54. E, 55. E,
56. D, 57. B, 58. C, 59. A, 60. D, 61. B, 62. D, 63. C, 64. A, 65. A, 66. B,
67. D, 68. B, 69. B, 70. A, 71. B, 72. B, 73. A, 74. A, 75. A, 76. A, 77. E,
78. A,
Answer Practice Test 01
1. Indirect, 2. Direct, 3. Subject, 4. Indirect, 5. Subject,
6. Direct, 7. Direct, 8. Indirect, 9 Direct, 10. Indirect
Answer Practice Test 02
(a) subject, (b) subject complement, (c) subject complement, (d) subject,
(e) subject complement, (f) subject, (g) subject complement, (h) subject
(i) direct object (j) indirect object, (k) object complement, (l) direct object,
(m) object complement
Answers Class Practice 03:
1. E, 2. B, 3. D, 4. B, 5. D
Answer keys Class Practice 04:
1. much, 2. a little, 3. Those, 4. Fewer, 5. too much,
6. This 7. too much 8. few 9. less 10. too much
Class Practice 5: Answer keys:
1.D, 2.A, 3.C, 4.E, 5.A,
6.C, 7.D, 8.C, 9.D, 10.C

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