Classification & Designation of

Steel
Introduction
Classification of Steel
Classification of Steel

►Carbon and silicon

content for steel &
cast iron. Note that
most steels have
relatively low Si
content
Classification of Steel

►Chemical composition (most used)

 Plain carbon steel (non alloyed steel)
• Low carbon steel
• Medium carbon steel
• High carbon steel
 Alloy steel (alloyed steel)
• Low alloy steel
• High alloy steel
Classification of Steel

►Microstructure
 Ferritic steel
 Austenitic steel
 Martensitic steel
►Product shape
 Bar, plate, strip, wire, profile
►Production method
 Hot rolled steel
 Cold rolled steel
Classification of Steel

►Deoxydation
 Killed steel
 Semi killed steel
►Tensile strength
 HSLA, UHSS
►Heat treatment
 Tempered steel, carburized steel, etc
Classification of Steel
Chemical composition

►Plain carbon steel (non alloyed), number

of alloying elements is very limited:
 Manganese: 1.00% max
 Sulfur 0.05% max
 Phosphorus 0,04% max
 Silicon 0,03% max
Classification of Steel
Basic,commonly used

►Low alloy steel, if the total content of alloying

elements is < 5 %, and
 Al>0.3%
 Cr >0.03%
 Co>0.03%
 Mo>0.08%
 Ni>0.6 %
►High alloy steel, if the total content of alloying
elements is > 5 %,
Classification of Steel
Carbon content

►Based on carbon content

Carbon Content Alloy Content

Low-carbon Plain-carbon steels (no alloying element except Mn up
steels to 1.65 wt.%)
( 0.25 wt.%C)
Medium-carbon Low-alloy steels (total alloy content < 5 wt.%)
steels
(0.25 - 0.55
wt.%C)
High-carbon High-alloy steels (total alloy content > 5 wt.%)
steels - Tool steels and stainless steels
(> 0.55 wt.%)
Classification of Steel
Strength

►According to strength
 Low strength steels, y < 250 MPa
 Medium strength steels, 250< y <750 MPa
 High strength steels, 750< y <1500 MPa
 Ultra high strength steels, y >1500 MPa
Classification of Steel
Microstructure

►Based on microstructure
Steel Designation

► The protection of general welfare is one of the

common reasons for the establishment of a
government agency. The purpose of codes is to
assist that government agency in meeting its
obligation to protect the general welfare of the
population it serves. The objectives of codes are to
prevent damage to property and injury to or loss of
life by persons. These objectives are accomplished
by applying accumulated knowledge to the
avoidance, reduction, or elimination of definable
hazards
Steel Designation
Type/contributor/agency
► AISI, American Iron Steel Institute
► ASTM, American Standard for Testing and Material
► DIN, Deutsches Institut für Normung
► JIS, Japanese Industrial Standard
► CEN, Committee European de Normalization
► ISO, International Standardization Organization
► SAE, Society for Automotive Engineering
► NF, Association francaise de normalization
(AFNOR)
► UNS (Unified Numbering System) , SAE and ASTM
► SNI, Standard Nasional Indonesia
► Specific field: API, ASME
Steel Designation
AISI & SAE
Dinyatakan dengan 4 atau 5 angka:
► Angka pertama menunjukkan jenis baja.
misal: 1 = baja karbon ; 2 = Baja nikel; 3 = baja nikel chromium
► Angka kedua menunjukkan :
 Kadar unsur paduan untuk baja paduan sederhana.
misal: AISI 25xx = baja nikel dengan 5% nikel
 Modifikasi jenis baja paduan untuk baja paduan yg kompleks.
misal: AISI 40xx = baja molybdenum ; AISI 41xx = baja chrom-
molybdenum
► Dua angka atau tiga angka terakhir menunjukkan kadar karbon
perseratus persen.
misal: AISI 4340 = Baja nikel-chrom-molybdenum dengan 0,40 %
C
► Bila terdapat huruf didepan angka maka huruf tersebut
menunjukkan proses pembuatan bajanya.
misal: B = Acid bessemer carbon steel, C = Basic opern-hearth
carbon steel, E = Basic electric furnace process
Steel Designation
AISI & SAE
Steel Designation
DIN

►Low alloy steel

 Digit Pertama merupakan jumlah relatif C (Telah
dikalikan 100)
 Digit berikutnya menunjukkan komposisi paduan,
tergantung dari jenis paduan
 Contoh: Nikel chromium steel, dengan komposisi 0,24
%C, 0,25 % Ni, 1 % Cr  24 CrNi14
 Bagaimana dengan 20Cr4 ??
Paduan Faktor Pengali
Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si 1/4
Al, B, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ti, V 1/10

P, S, N, C 1/100
Steel Designation
DIN

►High alloy steels

 Didepan digit pertama diberi tambahan huruf
X
 Ketentuan yang lain sama dengan low alloy
steels
 Contoh: X10CrNi188= 0,1 % C, 18 %Cr, 8%
Ni, X10CrNiNb189=0,1%C, 18%Cr, 8%Ni,
ada paduan Nb
Paduan Faktor Pengali
Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si 1/4
Al, B, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ti, V 1/10

P, S, N, C 1/100
Steel Designation
UNS
Steel Designation
ASTM
► ASTM writes standard specifications for various alloys to
meet.
► The ASTM standard covers chemical compositions,
mechanical property limits or levels, fabrication methods,
and heat treatments. Alloys are required to satisfy these
requirements. For example, steel plates used for
structural and pressure vessel designs are mostly
classified according ASTM standards.
► An ASTM designation is an arbitrarily chosen number
pre-fixed by the letter "A".
► Equivalent with ASME, except ASME use “SA” instead of
“A”
Steel Designation
ASTM

Specification Steel type and condition

A36 Carbon steel plates, bars and shapes
A131 Carbon and HSLA steel plates, bars, shapes and rivets for
A283 ships
A284 Carbon steel plates of low or intermediate tensile strength
Carbon-silicon steel plates of low or intermediate tensile
A440 strength for machine parts and general construction
A529 Carbon steel plates, bars and shapes of high tensile strength
Carbon steel plates, bars, shapes and sheet piling with 290
A573 MPa (42 ksi) minimum yield point
Carbon steel plates for applications requiring toughness at
A678 atmospheric temperatures
A709 Quenched and tempered carbon steel plates
Carbon, alloy and HSLA steel plates, bars and shapes for
bridges
Steel Designation
ASTM
Steel Designation
ASME
Steel Designation
JIS

► JIS tidak ada aturan

tertentu  harus langsung
merujuk ke buku standard
► Seperti halnya dengan
ASTM, JIS membuat
berbagai macam standar
meliputi standar material
(komposisi kimia, sifat
mekanik, sifat fisik), dan
standar pengujian
Steel Designation
JIS
Steel Designation
JIS
Steel Designation
CEN, ISO, SNI
► CEN membuat berbagai macam standar meliputi standar
material (komposisi kimia, sifat mekanik, sifat fisik), dan
standar pengujian, dinamakan EN standards
► ISO juga membuat berbagai macam standar meliputi
standar material (komposisi kimia, sifat mekanik, sifat
fisik), dan standar pengujian
► BSN (Badan Standar Nasional) membuat berbagai
macam standar meliputi standar material (komposisi
kimia, sifat mekanik, sifat fisik), dan standar pengujian,
dinamakan standard SNI. Banyak standar yang merujuk
ke standar ASTM dan JIS
Steel Designation
UNS
► Unified Numbering System
► Ekivalen dengan banyak standar; ASTM, AISI, EN, ISO,
dll
► Contoh: G41300, chromium steel 0,3 % C
UNS Descriptor Ferros Metals
Dxxxxx Specified mechanical Properties Steel
Fxxxxx Cast irons
Gxxxxx SAE and Former Carbon Alloy steel (ex tool Steel)
Hxxxxx AISI H steel
Jxxxxx Cast Steel
Kxxxxx Miscellaneous steels and ferrous alloy
Sxxxxx Heat and corrosion resistant (stainless)steel
Txxxxx Tool steel
Wxxxxx Welding filler Metal, covered And tubular electrode Classified
Steel Designation
UNS
Steel Designation
UNS
Steel Designation
Equivalency

►Some of materials standards are

equivalent, i.e. there are similarities
between two or more standards, even
though the agency is different 
comparable
►However, each agency normally has some
unique standards for materials  non
comparable
Steel Designation
Equivalency
Steel Designation
Equivalency