EXAMPLE 4-11

A compound shaft consisting of a steel segment and an aluminum segment is acted upon by two torques as
shown in the figure. Determine the maximum permissible value of T subject to the following conditions: τst=
83 MPa, τal= 55 MPa, and the angle of rotation of the free end is limited to 6°. For steel, G = 83 GPa and for
aluminum, G = 28 GPa.
Based on the maximum shearing stress:
Tmax r 2Tmax
 st  
J   r3
2  3T
83 
  253
T  679042.16 N .mm  679.04 N .m
Tr 2T
 al  
J   r3
2 T
55 
  203
T  691150.38 N .mm  691.15 N .m
Based on the maximum angle of twist:
TL TL
  st  al  ( ) st  ( ) al
GJ GJ
 3T  900 T  600
6  
180   254  83000   204  28000
2 2
T  757316.32 N .mm  757.32 N .m
 T  679.04 N .m
1
EXAMPLE 4-12
A solid steel shaft is loaded as shown in figure. Using G = 83 GPa, determine the required diameter of the
shaft if the shearing stress is limited to 60 MPa and the angle of rotation at the free end is not to exceed 4
deg.

Based on the maximum allowable shearing stress:

Tmax r 2Tmax
 max  
J   r3
2  450 103
60 
  r3
r  16.838mm  D  33.677mm
2 1200 103
60 
  r3
r  23.35mm  D  46.7mm
Based on the maximum angle of twist:
TL
 
GJ
 ( 450  1200) 103  2500
4 
180  4
 r  83000
2
r  25.94mm  D  51.89mm
 D  51.89mm

2
EXAMPLE 4-13
The rod has a diameter of 25mm and a weight of 15 N/m. Determine the maximum torsional stress in the rod
at a section located at B due to the rod’s weight

M x 0
TB  15 1.2  0.6  10.8 N .m
 
J r4  12.54  38.35mm4
2 2
Tr 10.8 103 12.5
 max    3.52 MPa
J 38.35

Statically Indeterminate Problems

Equilibrium Equation: T1  T2  T  (1) Compatibility Equation: 1  2  ( 2)

3
EXAMPLE 4-14
The shaft shown in figure is made from a steel tube, which is bonded to a brass core. If a torque of T = 340
N.m is applied at its end, plot the shear-stress distribution along a radial line on its cross section. Take Gst =
78600 MPa and Gbr =35850.

Tst  Tbr  340  (1)

TL TL
  st  br  ( ) st  ( )br
GJ GJ
T stL T brL

 
 ( 264  134 )  78600 134  35850
2 2
T br( 264  134 )  78600
T st T st 32.887T br ( 2)
134  35850
T br 10.033N .m  br  ( st ) min
T st 329.966 N .m (  G )br  ( in  G ) st
Tbr r 2Tmax 2 10.033 103
( br ) max     2.907 MPa
J  r 3
 13 3

Tst r2 Tst r2 329.966 103  26

( st ) max     12.748 MPa
J  4 4 
( r2  r1 ) ( 26  13 )
4 4

2 2
Tst r1 Tst r1 329.966 103 13
( st ) min     6.374 MPa
J  4 4 
( r2  r1 ) ( 26  13 )
4 4

2 2
4
EXAMPLE 4-15
A shaft composed of segments AC, CD, and DB is fastened to rigid supports and loaded as shown in figure.
For bronze, G = 35 GPa; aluminum, G = 28 GPa, and for steel, G = 83 GPa. Determine the maximum shearing
stress developed in each segment.

TA
A / B  0 TA-300
TA-1000
TL
 GJ ) A / B  0
(

TA 103  2000 (TA  300) 103  2000 (TA  1000) 103  2500
  0
  
12.5  35000
4
25  28000
4
12.5  83000
4

2 2 2
2TA 2(TA  300) 2.5(TA  1000)
  0
12.54  35 254  28 12.54  83
16TA (TA  300) 20(TA  1000)
  0
35 28 83
16 1 25 20 20000
TA  TA   TA  0
35 28 7 83 83
TA  342.97 N .m

5
M x 0
TA  TB  300  700
342.97  TB  1000  TB  657.03N .m
Tbr  342.97 N .m, Tal  342.97  300  42.97 N .m, Tst  342.97  1000  657.03N .m
Tr 2T
 max  
J   r3
2  342.97 103
 br   111.79 MPa
 12.53
2  42.97 103
 al   1.75MPa
  253
2  657.03 103
 st   214.16 MPa
 12.53

6
EXAMPLE 4-15
The two shafts are made of steel. Each has a diameter of 25 mm and they are connected using the gears fixed
to their ends. If a torque of is applied to the gear at E as shown, determine the reactions at A and B and the
angle of twist at point E. (G=75GPa)

TA  F  0.1  500  0
TB  F  0.05  0
TA  2TB  500  0  (1)
0.1E  0.05F
E  0.5F
TA 1.5 T  0.75
 0. 5  B
GJ GJ
F
TA  0.25TB
TA  55.56 N .m
TB  222.22 N .m
F
T L
E  A
GJ
55.56 103 1500
E 

12.54  75000
2
E  0.02897rad .  1.66

7
H.W: A stepped solid circular steel shaft has the shape shown in the figure below and is having
G=80*103MPa. The region AC is having D=75mm region CD having D=50mm, and region BD having
D=25mm. Determine the maximum shearing stress occurs in the shaft as well as the angle of twist at C where
a torsional load of 100N m is applied. Ends A and B are rigidly clamped.

H.W: The shaft is made of L2 tool steel, has a diameter of 40 mm, and is fixed at its ends A and B. If it is
subjected to the torque, determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB.