MAHARASHTRA STATE BORAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

WINTER-13 EXAMINATION

Subject Code- IDR(12183) Model Answer

Q Answer Remark Total

No: mark
s
1(A) Attempt any Three 4
State classification of drives giving example of each category.
(a) 4 marks
Ans : Drives are classified into five categories and with their example are as given for
below.
classificati
1) According to mode of operation
• Continuous duty drives on
• Short time duty drives
• Intermittent duty drives
2) According to Means of Control
• Manual
• Semi-automatic
• Automatic
3) According to Number of machines
• Individual drive
• Group drive
• Multi-motor drive
4) According Dynamics and Transients
• Uncontrolled transient period
• Controlled transient period
5) According to Methods of Speed of Control
• Reversible and non-reversible uncontrolled constant speed
• Reversible and non-reversible step speed control
• Variable position control
• Reversible and non-reversible smooth speed control

1(A)
Explain with diagram four quadrant operation of hoist.
(b)
Diagram:
 2 mark for 4
diag. & 2
marks for
operation

Operation:
* A hoist consists of a rope wound on a drum coupled to a motor shaft. One end of
a rope is tied to a cage which is used for transporting material. Other end of the
rope has a counter weight.
* Weight of the counter weight chosen higher than the weight of an empty case but
lower than a fully loaded cage.
* Load torque TL2 in quadrants I & IV represent speed torque characteristics of
the loaded hoist. This torque is the diff. of torques due to loaded hoist & counter
weight.
* Load torque TL2 in quadrants II & III is the speed-torque characteristics of an
empty hoist. This torque is due to the diff in torque of counter weight & empty
hoist. This is –ve because the counter weight is always higher than the empty cage.
* Quadrant I operation – hoist requires the movement of the cage upward, which
corresponds to the +ve motor speed which is in CCW (counter clockwise)
direction. It will be obtained if motor produce +ve torque in CCW direction equal
to TL. Since developed power is +ve, this is forward motoring operation.
 * Quadrant IV operation is obtained when a loaded cage is lowered. Since the
weight of the loaded cage is > the counter weight. In order to limit the speed of the
cage within a safe value, motor must produce a +ve torque T = TL2 in anti
clockwise direction. Both power & speed are –ve, drive is in reverse braking.
* Quadrant II is obtained when an empty cage is moved up since a counter
weight is heavier than a empty cage, it is able to pull it up. In order to limit the
speed to safety value, motor must produce braking torque = TL2 in clockwise
direction. Since speed is +ve, developed power is, -ve. It is forward breaking
operation.
* Quadrant III – empty cage is lowered since empty cage weight is < counter
weight motor produce a torque in clockwise direction. Since speed is –ve &
developed power is +ve, this is reverse motoring operation.
1(A) Draw circuit diagram of three – phase semi- converter drive. 4 marks 4
(c) for
diagram

Equivalent circuit of motor are La, Ra and E(back emf).

1(A) With neat circuit diagram explain operation of DC chopper using power
(d) MOSFET. 2 mark for 4
Operation : diag. & 2
The chopper controlled circuit produces a rectangular voltage wave form that marks for
drives the power MOSFET. The duty cycle is controlled by the time period of the operation
control circuit.
When the gate voltage is high the power MOSFET is driven into ohmic range.
Therefore the power MOSFET will function as a closed switch and the load is
driven.
When the gate voltage is reduced to zero, MOSFET turns off and the switch is
 open due to which the load is disconnected.

1(B) Attempt any one of the following. 1 mark 6

(a) Explain how chopper can be used for regenerative braking of the separately each for
excited d.c. motor.
any of the
1. The regenerative braking of DC motor is very useful for saving energy.
2. This method is used when the load on the motor overhauling characteristics 6 points
as in the lowering of the cage of a hoist or the downgrade motion of an
electric train.
3. Regeneration takes place when back emf Eb becomes greater then the
chopper supply voltage.
4. This happens when the overhauling load acts as a prime mover and so drives
the machine as a generator.
5. Consequently direction of armature current and hence armature torque is
reversed and speed falls until Eb becomes lesser than V.
6. During the slowing down of the motor power is return to the line.
7. This may be used to upgrade and their by relieving the power house.
 α Controlled circuit

CHOPPER
M

1(B)
Classify the choppers considering their quadrant operation, giving example of
(b)
each category.

CLASSIFICATION OF CHOPPERS
Choppers are classified as follows
‐ Class A Chopper (Motoring operation of d.c. motor) 2 marks 6
‐ Class B Chopper (Chopper drive of subway train)
for
‐ Class C Chopper (Machine tools drive)
‐ Class D Chopper (Reversible regenerative dc drive) classificati
‐ Class E Chopper (Washing machine) on,2marks
for diag.,2
marks for
applicatio
n

Class A Class B

Class C Class D
 Class E
2 Attempt any four of the following.
a With neat diagram explain speed control of induction motor using stator 2 mark for 4
voltage control method. diag. & 2
Circuit Diagram marks for
operation

Explanation :
• Two SCRs are connected anti parallel.
• During the positive half cycle SCR1 is triggered.
• The direction of the current in the stator winding is from the top to bottom.
• In the negative half cycle SCR1 is turned off and SCR2 is triggered.
• The direction of the flow of current in the stator winding is reversed biased.
• By varying the firing angles of SCR1 and 2, the magnitude of a.c. voltage
across the stator winding of the motor can be controlled.
• This in turn will vary the motor speed.
2b With neat diagram, explain the operation of slip energy recovery system 2 mark for 4
method of speed control of induction motor.
diag. & 2
marks for
operation

• Diode D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 acts as a rectifier.

• L, C1 and C2 form a pie network filter.
• SCRs 1, 2,3,4,5 and 6 act as an inverter.
• The firing angle of the inverter can vary the amount of power extracted
from rotor circuit and thus the rotor speed is varied.
• The power output of inverter circuit is fed back to the a.c. supply mains and
this forms a regenerative control.
• The system is made closed loop by comparing actual speed and torque and
the desired speed and torque of motor with the help of tachogenerator.
•
2c Draw the circuit diagram of chopper control of induction motor drive employing 2 marks 4
motor resistance control technique. Explain how the speed is controlled. for diag.
& 2 marks
for
operation
 • Diode D1,D2,D3,D4,D5 and D6 acts as a rectifier.
• L,C1 and C2 form a pie network filter.
• The chopper is controlled at high frequency and thus connecting and
disconnecting the external Resistance are in the rotor circuit at regular intervals.
• Hence the Motor speed can be controlled.
• The system is made closed loop by comparing actual speed and torque and
the desired speed and torque of motor with the help of tachogenerator.

2d Explain closed loop operation of a drive. State why it is preferred over open 2 mark for 4
loop. diag. & 1
• Block diagram shows the closed loop control operation of an electric drive. marks for
• PWM circuit controls the speed of the motor. operation
• The speed is sensed and a control signal is fed back to control unit. & 1 marks

• The signal are compared at the power modulator and hence the speed of the for

motor is stabilized irrespective of the load. difference

Block Diagram of a simple electric drive:

 • Open-loop control that simply changes the speed and closed-loop control
that reduces the speed variation with load changes of the motor.
• Constant speed can be achieved and hence the stability of the drive can be
obtained.

2e Write basic equation and speed torque characteristics of separately excited 2 marks 4
motor. for
Basic Equation: equation
VT = Eb + IaRa & 2 marks
Where VT = total voltage applied. characteris
Eb = Back emf. tics
Ia = armature current.
Ra = armature resistance.
Speed torque characteristics of separately excited motor:

2(f) State the transfer function of armature controlled dc motor and explain its 2 marks 4
stability with respect to characteristic equation. for
• The transfer function from the input armature current to the resulting motor transfer
torque is
function
& 2 marks
𝜃(𝑠) 𝐾𝑚 characteris
= 𝑠(𝑠𝑇𝑚+1)
𝐸𝑎(𝑠) tics

Where, equation
Tm = Motor torque
Ea = armature input voltage
θ = Output voltage
The characteristic equation :
𝑠(𝑠𝑇𝑚 + 1) =0
S = 0 or 𝑠𝑇𝑚 + 1 = 0
1
S = 0 & s = -𝑇𝑚

• As the poles are on the left hand side of the axis, hence the system is stable.

Lovely Gaur