PERIODIC TABLE

Class 1&2
 ⑭ -Too
--
sear

I
weand
↳semistry
-

167
⑱
·Shysical ↓
organ
Trosgau
a
Each chapter last class II

↳ Revision
↳ Questions
 At
t At
MyYabl?*
maddeus z
↑
* ↑

Periodic Table I

Elements
according arrangementtestes
O
O
0
-

->
⑰
MO
-
-
-
↑
-

O
O
O
O
0

is
vertical
-
-
Group groups 11
vorizontal -> Peodsetperiods.
 History of Periodic Table

1. Prout's Unitary hypothesis.

↳ At: not

famiofasamean
4X
=

I
c IX
=
12.
-
.008 ary
-
-

2x
&e 1.
=

2. Dobrenier's Triad Rule:

x
=>@°

↳ Group
of I
A, B2 c.

...At nt of
- it not
of B.

⑨ 1257
Nak
G51 4
-

↳82-ca
As
55 Ba
Sb
-
Applicable
685-4
1957-418 I
 Pronts
&. 1st
attemptto classify elements ->

ist attempt to classify decrets of the

D
basis not ?
at
of
asprouts

breagee

3. Newland's Octave Rule/musical law:

at
I ist element
-

8th demot
-

I ↳
Is Akadals.
↳ Be. ?
IsSte
-> Na

1st -

- ↑

↑e Demerit:-
-

↳"Inest not discovered

gases
"Only forlight
elements.
78.40.220)*

Q. Is Newland's octave, rule

app
to d-block
deteots?
↳No.
 4. LOTHER MEYER CURVE

- Alkali
metals
t

Apex of
the cutue
⑪

=> not.

↳ similar elements similar

occupy space.I
 Basis, pd, Group, Dement
↑d. table
-

Mandeleev’s Periodic Table

↳ Based on At Not
La Father:Mandeleef-

periods.
-

pd- 7
Group - a
groups.
Demerits.- Position of
Hydrogen.
1.

"Anamolous pair democts*

of
S
L

lighter elements
placed after
heavies elements.
I
⑳ got2
 40 39.

↑
A8 k

CO N,0
Te I

"Dissimilar elements placed together.

↳ Alkali with
metals
placed coinage metals.
↓
u. g. All.

a. Best conductor
of electivity
↳ u Al.....
Ag>

Ive
left blank Future elements
spaces for
e. oss-
an

-
Eka Boron
->
Scandium [:. Boss-scad].
silicon-German,·um
> --

-
Eka
Technitium In sounds.
Eka
manganese-
-

Eka Aluminium - Gavium d

Technical
> -

⑨
M94.
 Modern Periodic Table
↳ Father:
Moseley.
↳ Basis:9'ing At no

WA- ⑱
O
↑

IIIA IVA VA VIAVIIA

1A-

MB IVBVB VIRVD,iB it.

la
thande
->
stepd s
7thpd- 31
↳ Mid
periods:7 periods.
Group:18
Lanthanides-14 elements
after
At no. 57, 158-71)
(canthatiuon)
Activides - in elements
after
At no. 89 (90-103)
↳Actional
Lanthan des

Ves
a.

S
57 71
⑤ -
-

5- zo
Groups:18 ,
VIII. 0.

subgroups
I
L
A 13 ↑

I TOUII 1 toVII B

Periods:
1st -> 2 elements

38] - selements

It is dements
6th
7th
332 elements ->
longest period.
-
Incomplete
G51A- Alkali metals
G5NA-> Alkaline East metals
GOVAYPricogen (Poisonous)
-

GUVIA- chalcogen love formatical

↳5
vih-Haloged (salt loving)
G50- Noble
gases/ Aerogens 11.
 valence shell.
1. Normal elements:
↑
↓ ④

penultimate shell = 8e- & &

⑦

ultimate
⑧

partially
⑧
shell: ⑳

completely O

filled.
⑧
⑧
⑧

->
s2p block elements
penultionate
shell.

sid
2.
Typical Elements: Elements
of
pd
Na ↓, .

I
stows the common prop
other decreats
of of
i
dordital encompletely
respective groups.
filled
3. Transition Elements:
↓
Elements a block.
sementiot of
i
Volatile
--
metals.
a. Now transition elements:zn, cd,
Hg.
↓
d orbital full
filled.
 cu.
Ag. All
->coluage metals.

a. which is Noble Metal 2

a) Ar->Noble gas.

s
Lanthanides -> Innes transi tipt
Actinides steapots
↓

I-block.
 sbstell
Aufbau Principle ↓
spd fr

estellshell
↓

spd f
orbitals
Le
electrows.I

-sless energysudshellsare placed been

35 4s 3d 5s hd.....
Is 25
up 3p 4p
a. which is higher energy sudshell
is
hi
->
Hx4,
190.
2
4d
-
*
value

intentteetostates
MPGR,
mate
Energy
steel
mo quantum no.
quarteron no
 2
=

n 2 +0
=

2,1 0,
=

=
n

0."....
25
->
24- 341-24.

&.5s........ -
540=5 5

b.
↓

540

p -> 1
d- 2

f - 3

If (n+1)
:
value same, they' is checked.
↓
higher value
of a.
higher energy. *
 Periodicity I
Repit." Hou
propertiePa

e. Valency:combining capacity of elements.

Na- 1- G8 IA

mg-2-651A.
A - 3.
Sie a
4 -
513
... Go no. ->
valency.
 Distance of nucleus tovalue
i
stell
2. Atomic Radi
- It
radi"

↓ de ↓ ↓
Vandes waal metallPc Ionic covalent
Radii Radii Radii. Radis

1. Vander Waal's Radii: -

↳ att
↳
Aesogeds
↳ Gr. of rest
gas.
↳ in Non-doaded
forms

2. Metallic Radi:-metals
↳
·

Nat,e-

--
> Kernels.

Error
e-

↳ e
metallic boud - Kernel & e
3. covalent Rad" - covalent boad.

- is

-Y
distantmeth covalentbonded
atooms

a. Size:vis

Vander Waal tao,' metallic-covalent

00
89011
cov
R.
strength:
covalent metallic > Vanoes waal. I

4. IONIC RADII: I in Yons in bonded form

of protors
At no.- no.
↑
Eratio. -je
of electrons.
inas
no.
↳-

-
.IR 2 zleratio
↓--force.
at act
 cation Parent Aniou.
.
Atom
I
U
T

a. 4 u

I
At no.
↓ ↓
↑
Is Fe
I
Is =I
I <I

no
of
e-

:. zleratio of
is
at
highest, so IR least.

.. size:
u->u> at
Anion-Parent cations.
atom

⑨ APC A

D. more size:

Nat -Yes"0

myZeil"-nightsto
...

:.Nat mgzt-13t
 4. IONIZATION ENERGY
↓

Energy sea, to
--
remove et
from
valence shell
↓ ·
IC
Endotheanc, ↳ Nucleas
&x
=
+ ve tote

. Size:-IE xYsize.
smallest Na k
6 size.
Nucleas
fotel
a
:.> Na> K

↓ ⑤ 4dA
I89 S .
subshell
Penetration ↓
2.
effect: -

orbital
closes the subshell ↳-
to nucleus, more will be
the
penetration.
V more IE.
Ic
s>-p> d>
f
=

3. Stable
configuration:- MIE.

orbitals
Fully filled I
half filled
are more stable than
partially filled.
 &'P,95.93.
..d 45, 43-

a. which will have note I2]

⑭
&10

p3
IE
-
95
:.
Fully filled half filled.

..tee ate
... more closese? lesser size, more IC

4.
Shielding effect/screeding effect
↳
Repulsive fore by inves
shell e-

... * NuM905
0 Josel.
⑧
⑧

:. IE
cyshidding effect
 Endothexon?'
I
5. Successive IE.- IE, IE2, I2z.....

IEr IE2
I 27
Ca ->
(a
-> La

d ↓ ↓
132 'I
I

232 'I 11

26 1 I -1

352 ↑
12

36 11 12

45 450
↳
128,8,2
-
488,148,8. -

:more the
charge, move it.

:. E2> IE,
↳ A
 5. Electron Affinity
·is l Gas.

Energy
released on addy
of e-

↓
As:-ve (exothermic).

15-2
exothemic
=

SAI= 2A 3
=

S42: Endothemic ⑪ W ⑬
q

⑰
Is to overcome

repulsion by et ⑰
2As: Endother". 3 ④
⑧

EG 15-18
-

⑧
=

=Ed'I
6

① See:
⑦

GAYse 1st
I. Stell ↳zno
10
Energy level
&
⑫
↑
⑪ Stable
configuration. 24 0.11.
=

↓
Inest 9A:0.
gas,
Alkaline Earth metals, EA=0 *

·
u6
stable
cory.
 Inert Pair
Effect: plock
->
3.

↓
B.c,
family.
N. *

Al ->
is???? 2pit" is
valency (enerally) -> 3,1

5-
192 ->
valeuuge 4, 2

is??? 23-valeway
↑
- 15,3.

Le

ns estable
d
configuration
doesn't take past is

↓ bonding
frest pair effect.
 4.
Diagonal Relationship:
A B

. Diagonal.
·

2adpd: 19 Be BC N 0 Ne
F

3rdyd: amstees, is a Ar.

:wemay be resemble

same an
or pestern
⑲ X

⑪ high tonic potential s

⑭ Similar At size

:EN At size IE
↳order
of posit
 4.
Electronegativity:
↳
tendency to shared
attract
pair
of electrons.
t
covalent board.

Eg:H = 4

if sie: NaYze.
.

:. smalles the atom, more the EN

cat,
jat,
a.ca,
Ye
->

s rights

:. size:a cat, cast.

:. IN: cast, cat > ca.

the
:. more the
change,
is the
more EN1.*
) s-oubital character a EN

spescharacter -50ye Ex more.

-
-2 35%

25%
-43 -
Periodic Table

Class 4
 S ↑
Blocks &

Is block -
G5 1A211A. If I
Alkali ↳ IA HIA- Alkaline
=>
Eastt
metals
metals

Paraffic. ↳ ns2
-
-

Wax
wegg.
-
EA 0 D
=

highly
-

·
. reactive
with its of
ais
↓
stored in
K&DseMe

-block soft
->

solid

:highly reactive
G81A> 6511A.
 sublock ionic compo
Generally,
=>

est
i, Be2 Non-Alkali
except, mg metals
↓
↓
covalent compounds respond
Doesn't

flame testy
to

the
Along group:
-

Top
to bottoom,
Atomic size 44. IEH.

Along the
period,
size
Na>
mg
:. Atomic size It. I244.
2. P-Block
is metals. Non-metals & Metalloids.
paicograssaswe
are
-

2522p ***
-2
- >quid
-
⑧ Halogen
e

:Metalloids -
a
Al. Ga,Ge, sb. As. A -

. ns2
up1-6*
c. D-Block - Transition element

-
-
highest derisity
highest valency
highest 0.
All
=>
are metals.

metallic
property:
=>
-

S. d. 3
:.s d
p,
p* Feetzt 707
2
inte
-

Transition elements

setelements.
- ↓
variable
0.S
- coloured
-

COMI
Loveds-Paramagneticuse.
-

catalysts.
 Electronic
configuration:
1. Fe 26
=

1522526552346432396
or d
-

[A5]452346
C -

n
4-1) ↳ not
present
152522463523pbus
2.2u 29
=

451
-
-
3410
-

3. Id 46.-
except.
=

152232263323p6323d4p532498
4410 Es -

Pd-
.

only with
element 0 evins subshell.
&
:Eras?-2-)d- s
 FON BRICS D1

⑧Done call Bricks

IH
->
canthat", des
* :
-

-- 58-7
netinide
90-5103'y
Y - ↳
-
-

⑪
Y- a block exeaslyI
equal.
Sion? 198
Y
-

in
t s
->

29225224
252243 Fresh
I & M.

Statethe
-

19325246351
! ->
N 2523 -
-

↑1s:24
- - -

essent
- -

- 4
-Eth
->

iA 11A
Na
Ne>N>p>
Y
A
:
↑ATA:
-E
--
- 4> F2
2

3>02
D>N2.

- ->
moder
--

CamScanner
 -

tendedly
- mge
I

X
->
Edesgy
releaseo

-
↓
- F

125225
445
->
was
-
new", S
Reoning Aldice-accept
I
- saturas?-e-donate
->

IE
At
↓
EN,
-

-
Tonic size me ratio.
Is
2
X- >
-
-

cas20118 slowest
17118
u-sies
We M4
-> -
4 -

-2
p.
-

3 -
16118- ven-
15,184 sale
lowest is is highest CamScanner
 3
-

X ->

---
-

- .
8
-

-
-

sa

- neit
- -

- -
- -

CamScanner
d.
f-Block: Inner Transition elements.
-> 681BX
58-71
canthanides
6thg*
->

7thp9- -> Actinides.

90103

of 3rdpd alongstt

(ss tester
&::
compare
⑪ tie indige agrad"