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Elec Fields 001 Worked

Rutherford deduced the structure of atoms in the early 1900s by scattering alpha particles off a thin gold sheet. Data from the experiment showed that: - Most alpha particles were scattered through very small angles, indicating that most of the atom is empty space. - A few were scattered through large angles, suggesting a small, massive positive charge (the nucleus) at the center of the atom. When a proton with 0.52 MeV kinetic energy approaches a cobalt-59 nucleus head-on, its kinetic energy decreases to zero at the minimum distance R between the particles, where it is converted to potential energy as the electrostatic attraction increases.

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Elec Fields 001 Worked

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OCRA Exp 2018

28
23 (a) The structure of atoms was deduced in the early 1900s by Rutherford and his co-workers
from the scattering of alpha-particles by a very thin sheet of gold.

Rutherford assumed that the scattering of the alpha-particles was due to electrostatic forces.
Fig. 23 shows a detector used to record the number N of alpha-particles scattered through an
angle θ.

detector

gold sheet

alpha-particles
θ

Fig. 23

At θ = 0°, N was too large to be measured. The table below summarises some of the collected
data.

θ /° lg (N)
150 1.5
75 2.3
60 2.7
30 3.9
15 5.1
0 N too large

(i) Show that the number of alpha-particles scattered through 15° is about 4000 times more
than those scattered through 150°.

[1]

29
(ii) Use the evidence from the table to explain the structure of the atom.

...........................................................................................................................................
vast majority deflect through tiny angles so most atom is empty
a few deflected through large angles therefore something small and
...........................................................................................................................................
massive in the middle (nucleus)
Must be a positive charge in the centre
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A proton with kinetic energy 0.52 MeV is travelling directly towards a stationary nucleus of
59
cobalt-59 ( 27 Co) in a head-on collision.

(i) Explain what happens to the electric potential energy of the proton-nucleus system.
As proton approaches nucleus so its Ek decreases to zero, where it has no
...........................................................................................................................................
velocity. As the Ek decreases so the EPE increases and is max at the v=0
...........................................................................................................................................
point. SO the Ek reduction is the EPE increase

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the minimum distance R between the proton and cobalt nucleus.

R = ..................................................... m [3]

© OCR 2018 Turn over

OCR A Exploring 2019

24
22 (a) Fig. 22.1 shows two horizontal metal plates in a vacuum.

+ + + + +
+
V d
–
– – – – –

Fig. 22.1

The plates are connected to a power supply. The potential difference V between the plates is
constant. The magnitude of the charge on each plate is Q. The separation between the plates
is d.

Fig. 22.2 shows the variation with d of the charge Q on the positive plate.

Q/nC

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
d / cm

Fig. 22.2

(i) Use Fig. 22.2 to propose and carry out a test to show that Q is inversely proportional
to d.

Test proposed:

...........................................................................................................................................
YOu do not need to worry about the units here - as long as you treat each
pair the same - so I ignored the nano and cm (although if you want to
...........................................................................................................................................
include them that's fine too)
Working:

[2]
© OCR 2019
OCR A Exploring 2019

25
(ii) Use capacitor equations to show that Q is inversely proportional to d.

[2]

(b) Fig. 22.3 shows a negatively charged oil drop between two oppositely charged horizontal
plates in a vacuum.

+ + + + +
variable +
power oil drop
–
supply
– – – – –

Fig. 22.3

The plates are fixed and connected to a variable power supply. The weight of the oil drop is
1.8 × 10–14 N.

(i) The power supply is adjusted so that the potential difference between the plates is 200 V
when the oil drop becomes stationary.

State the magnitude of the vertical electric force FE acting on the charged oil drop.

FE = ...................................................... N [1]

(ii) The potential difference between the plates is now increased to 600 V.
The oil drop accelerates upwards.

When balanced the Calculate the acceleration a of the oil drop.

upwards accel
=g=9.81m/s^2
(same as
downwards). If we
tripple the voltage
then upwar force is
3x leading to a total
upwards of 3g.
Therefore resultant
a upwards is 2g =
19.6m/s^2
a = ................................................ m s–2 [3]

Question 22 continues on page 26

26
(c)* Fig. 22.4 shows an arrangement used by a student to investigate the forces experienced by a
small length of charged gold foil placed in a uniform electric field.

plastic rod

foil
+
– +
θ +

Fig. 22.4

The two vertical metal plates are connected to a high-voltage supply.

The foil is given a positive charge by briefly touching it to the positive plate.

The angle θ made with the vertical by the foil in the electric field is given by the expression
qE
tanθ = W

where q is the charge on the foil, E is the electric field strength between the plates and W is
the weight of the foil.

The angle θ can be determined by taking photographs with the camera of a mobile phone.

Describe how the student can safely conduct an experiment to investigate the relationship
between θ and E.
Identify any variables that must be controlled. [6]

...................................................................................................................................................

Additional answer space if required.

...................................................................................................................................................

OCR A Exploring 2019

6
8 The electric field strength at a distance of 2.0 × 10–8 m from a nucleus is 3.3 × 108 N C–1.

What is the charge on the nucleus?

A 1.6 × 10–19 C

B 1.5 × 10–17 C

C 7.3 × 10–10 C

D 3.8 × 10–9 C

Your answer [1]

2 The diagram below shows two uniformly charged spheres separated by a large distance z.

+ + + +
+ + + y +
x
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ z + + +

The radius of the small sphere is x and the radius of the large sphere is y.

Which is the correct distance to use when determining the electric force between the charged
spheres?

A z

B x+z

C y+z

D x+y+z