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T11-Conveyance Structures (Inverted Syphon)

The document describes the design of inverted siphons, which are conveyance structures used to pass canal flows under roads. It provides basic equations for calculating head losses through different components of an inverted siphon. It then gives an example problem showing the step-by-step design of a square inverted siphon required to pass a discharge of 4 m3/s under allowable head loss conditions. Dimensions are determined through iteration to satisfy the head loss equation. A second example problem is also provided.

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hassan alzaidy
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114 views

T11-Conveyance Structures (Inverted Syphon)

The document describes the design of inverted siphons, which are conveyance structures used to pass canal flows under roads. It provides basic equations for calculating head losses through different components of an inverted siphon. It then gives an example problem showing the step-by-step design of a square inverted siphon required to pass a discharge of 4 m3/s under allowable head loss conditions. Dimensions are determined through iteration to satisfy the head loss equation. A second example problem is also provided.

Uploaded by

hassan alzaidy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

T11-Conveyance structures (Inverted Syphon)

Track Trash
(Screen)

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Basic Equations:

 Cross section of Inverted Syphon

Q > 2.5 m3/s (use square section)

Q < 2.5 m3/s (use circular section)

 Hydraulic design

ΔH = Sum of head losses through the structure

ΔH = Maximum allowable head loss (U/S W.L – D/S W.L)

Head losses through the structure may include the following:

1) Head loss at screens (ΔH1)

2
Vc
∆H1 = K1
2g

K1 = Loss coefficient for screen (= 0.2)

Vc = Velocity at the canal.

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2) Head loss at Inlet (ΔH2)

2 2
Vs − Vc
∆H2 = K2
2g

K2 = Loss coefficient for inlet.

Vs = Velocity at the syphon.

3) Head loss due to friction (ΔH3)

2
2*g*n2 *L Vs
∆H3 = ( )
R4/3 2g

4) Head loss at outlet (ΔH4)

2 2
Vs -Vc
∆H4 = K4
2g

K4 = Loss coefficient for outlet.

5) Head loss due to Elbows (ΔH5)

2
Vs
∆H5 = K5
2g

K5 = Loss coefficient for elbow.

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Examples:
Example-1:

Design an inverted siphon required to pass canal discharge of 4.0 m 3/ sec


under main road with 0.2 m allowable head loss. The velocity in the canal
is 0.82 m/ sec & the depth of water 1.5 m. Safety screen is provided at
the entry and exit. The inverted siphon has 22.5o elbows of each end. The
site dimensions are shown in the figure below.

The following information is also given:

n = 0.013, K for inlet = 0.2, K for outlet = 0.3, K for screen = 0.2 and the
k for elbows = 0.05.

Solution:

Determine the suitable cross section

Since Q = 4 m3/s > 2.5 m3/s, use a square (box) syphon.

Determine the Dimensions

Velocity in the canal Vc = 0.82 m/s (given)

Assume the width = the length = D

A = D * D = D2

Velocity in the syphon, Vs = Q/A = 4/D2

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Total Head loss = Sum of all Head losses through the structure

1) Head loss at screens (ΔH1)


2
(0.82)
∆H1 = 2*(0.2) = 0.0316
2g

2) Head loss at Inlet (ΔH2)


2 2
Vs − Vc
∆H2 = K2
2g
2 2
(4/D2 ) -(0.82)
∆H2 = (0.2) [ ]
2*9.81

0.163
∆H2 = - 0.0068
D4

3) Head loss due to friction (ΔH3)


2
2*g*n2 *L Vs
∆H3 = ( )
R4/3 2g

L = 7.5 + 26.8 + 7.0 = 41.3

R = A/P = (ΠD2/4)/(ΠD)

2 2
2*9.81*(0.013) *(41.3) (4/D2 )
∆H3 = [ ]
(D/4)
4/3 2*9.81

0.709
∆H3 =
D5.33

4) Head loss at outlet (ΔH4)


2 2
Vs -Vc
∆H4 = K4
2g
2 2
(4/D2 ) -(0.82)
∆H4 = (0.3) [ ]
2*9.81

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0.245
∆H4 = - 0.0103
D4

5) Head loss due to Elbows (ΔH5)

Number of elbows = 2
2
Vs
∆H5 = K5
2g
2
(4/D2 )
∆H5 = 2* (0.05)
2*9.81
0.082
∆H5 =
D4

Total Head loss = ∆H1 + ∆H2 + ∆H3 + ∆H4 + ∆H5


0.163 0.709 0.245 0.082
0.2 = 0.0316 + ( - 0.0068) + ( )+ ( - 0.0103) + ( )
D4 D5.33 D4 D4

0.709 0.490
0.2 = 5.33 + + 0.0145
D D4

By trial and error;

Trail No. D R.H.S L.H.S Check (R.H.S-L.H.S)

1 1.00 1.214 0.20 1.014

2 1.10 0.776 0.20 0.576

3 1.20 0.519 0.20 0.319

4 1.30 0.361 0.20 0.161

5 1.40 0.260 0.20 0.060

6 1.50 0.193 0.20 -0.007 ≈ 0

Use the dimensions of the syphon (box) = 1.5 * 1.5 m

*************************************************************************

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Example-2:

Design a twin opening of an inverted syphon with length (8+27+6) m


required to pass canal discharge of 3 m3/s under road. Maximum allowable
head loss is 0.18 m. The velocity in the canal is 0.78 m/s and the depth
water in the canal 1.4 m. safety screen are provided at both entry and
exit. The inverted syphon has 22.5o elbows of each end. The following
information is given:

n = 0.013, K for inlet = 0.2, for outlet = 0.3, for screen = 0.2 and for
elbow = 0.05.

*************************************************************************

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