Dr. Du Education Homework Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 Proof (I) Name: Class: Week: Term: Year: Attempt Mark | Accuracy Mark | Marker InitialsThe starting point of all achievement is desire. Keep this constantly in mind. Weak desires bring weak results, Just as a small amount of fire makes a small amount of heat. v2 (2020)__ Proof (I) Exercise 1 Question 1 (2) Show thet Et ¢__2 ‘pon 1002 ~ 1000000 ° (b) Show that tan =2-3, Question 2 (a) Prove that if f(x) is an odd function, then #(0)=0. (b) Show that for any non-zero real numbers x and y if x+y=l, then (i p-) =1. xy Question 3 (a) Prove that if an integer is odd, then its square is also odd. ©Daily Progress 1 v2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 Proof (I) (b) Prove that the product of two odd integers is odd. Question 4 (a) Prove that the sum of the squares of five consecutive integers is divisible by 5 (b) Prove that the product of two rational numbers is rational. Question 5 (a) For any integer n, prove that one of n, n +2, n+4 is divisible by 3. (b) Prove that the second digit after the decimal point of V2 is 1 without using a calculator, ©Daily Progress 2 v2 (2020)Proof (1) Question 1 (a) Show that (b) Prove that the surface area A of a right circular cone (without a base) is given by A= rl where r is the radius of the base and / is the slant height. Question 2 Find the mistakes in the following “proofs”. (a) Question: Prove that 1=2. Letx x+y=2y, om adding y to each side xty-2x 2x, on subtracting 2x to each side (y-x) , on dividing by y—x. yor ©Daily Progress 3 v2 (2020)(b) Question: Prove that 2=3 4-10=9-15 4104 23. i 4 | 9-1542> 4 a > ] “(-3) 2 2 os 2-3 =3-5; on taking square roots, Therefore 2=3. (©) Question: Prove that Y42x41= (x41), 2 s2ceimagcrn(xed) (xed) =(x41 acer (xd) o(red) ; 2 -n(ost oe ea(oe (=+4)=(n)-[x3), pat 2 Lis 3° +2n+1-20-39-1+(x+2) aats-{(<+1)-(x+4)] = LHS. —3=4 Question 3 (a) Prove that if n is an integer, then n° +7 is even. ©Daily Progress 4 v2 (2020)(A1) Mathematics Exte ©) Let k be a positive integer. Prove that if 2 +3" is divisible by 5, then 2°” +3 is also divisible by io Question 4 2) IfSis the sum of m terms of a geometric sequence, P is the product of these terms and R is the sum of the reciprocals of these terms, prove that (3) =P (b) Prove that for every positive real number a, the equation e°* = ax has a real solution x>0 Daily Progress 5 V2 (2020)Exercise 2 ee ‘Levelt Question 1 (a) Prove that J2 is irrational (b) Prove that J/3 js irrational. You may use the fact that if n’ is divisible by 3, then n is divisible by 3. Question 2 (a) Prove that log, 5 is irrational. ©Daily Progress 6 V2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 (b) Prove that log,, 3 is irrational Question 3 (a) Prove by contradiction that if 5-+3 is odd, then 7 is even, (b) Prove that if the product of two integers is even, then at least one of the integers is even. Question 4 (a) Prove that there exist no integers a and b such that 18a-+6b (b) Let a, b and c be positive real numbers such that ab=c. Prove that a< Ve or b< Ve. Level 2 Question 1 (a) Prove that 4/5 +2 is irrational, You may use any results from any of the previous questions. Daily Progress a V2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 Proof (I) (b) @ Prove that 2V3 +17 is a root of P(x) =x'-62x7 +81 (i) Hence prove that 2/5 + VII is irrational, Question 2 (a) If 2" -1 is prime for some positive integer n, prove that n is also prime. (b) Prove that there are infinitely many primes. You may use the fact that every composite number can be factorised into a product of only prime numbers. ©baily Progress 8 v2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 Question 3 (a) Prove by contradiction that the equation x* +6x* +13x-100=0 has only one real solution. Proof (I) (b) Without using the rational roots theorem, prove that there is no rational solution to the equation x° +x+1=0. Hint: Assume there exists a rational root and consider whether the LHS is odd or even. Odaily Progress 9 v2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 __ Proof (!) Question 4 (a) Show that there does not exist three consecutive integers such that the cube of the greatest equals the sunvof the cubes of the other two. (b) Let a and b be rational numbers with a #b. @ Prove that a+ Fz(b-2) is irrational. You may assume that V2 is irrational. (i) Hence, prove that there is an irrational number between any two rational numbers. ©Daily Progress 10 v2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 Proof (I) Exercise 3 Question 1 Rewrite the following statements using the implication symbol —> (a) If 7 ends in a zero, then n is even (b) ¥ integers n, n>3 is a sufficient condition to conclude that 1 is positive. (©) n>3 is necessary if 1 is greater than 4. @ If x>3, then 7 >9 (© m is a multiple of 6 is a sufficient condition to conclude that m is divisible by 3. Question 2 Rewrite the following statements using the logical equivalence symbol <>. (a) For n to be di sible by 5, it is both necessary and sufficient that » end in either 0 or 5. (b) 77 is even if and only if n® is even. (©) x+y=0 ifand only if x (@) n being even and divisible by 3 is necessary and sufficient for n to be divisible by 6. Question 3 Write down the converse of each statement, and state whether the converse is true or false (a) Ifa triangle has two equal sides, then it has two equal angles; (b) Ifa number is odd, then its square is odd; ©baily Progress u v2 (2020)Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 Proof (I) (©) IfTam a horse, then I have four legs; (@) Ifa number ends with the digit 6, then it is even; (©) Every’square is a rhombus; (if Vn eR, then n20. Question 4 Write down (in ‘if... then’ form) the two converse statements equivalent to each ‘if and only if” statement: (a) A number is divisible by 15 if and only if it is divisible by both 3 and 5; (b) A triangle has two equal angles if and only if it has two equal sides; (© An integer n greater than one is prime if and only if its only divisors are 1 and n; () A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if and only if a pair of opposite sides are equal and parallel. Question 5 Write down the contrapositive of each statement: (a) If I water my plants, then they will grow; (b) If you do not live in Australia, then you do not live in Melbourne; (©) Ifa triangle has three equal sides, then it has three equal angles; Daily Progress 2 v2 (2020)‘Year 12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 (@) If 1 like cycling, then I do not like motorist (©) Ifa number is even, then the next number is odd; @ Ifaand 6 are both positive and a>, then 4 0, ©Daily Progress 13 v2 (2020)Year 12(A1) Mathematics Extension 2 (@) 3ceR such that x Proof (I) Question 2 Rewite the following statements using the symbols Vand 3. Also determine whether the statement is true or false, justifying your answer where appropriate. () The square of any integer is greater than the integer. (b) There is a real number which, when multiplied by 5 gives an answer of 0. (©) The sum of any two consecutive integers is odd. (@) There is @ real number equal to its square. Question 3 Suppose that pis the statement “Jack does Extension 2 Mathematics’ and q is the statement ‘Tack is crazy’. Write each of the following as English sentences: @ prog; ) ~(p>q); O-prqs ©Daily Progress 14 v2 (2020)atics Extension 2 Proof (I) @)~a>p; @-p>~ Question 4 Write each statement as an English sentence, without using any symbols: (@) VneZ, 3meZ such that m>n; (b) aeR and a>0ast Question 5 (a) What is wrong with the following “proof” of Pythagoras’ Theorem? (The theorem states that if a, b, ¢ are the sides of any right-angled triangle with c the hypotenuse then a? +b? = c?.) By the cosine rule, c* = a? +b® -2abcos90°. But cos90°=0 soc? =a" +5* (b) What about this attempt? Let 8 be the angle opposite . Then, a +b? =(ccos0) +(csin8)’ =? (cos? 0+ sin? 4) =c’ since cos’ 0-+sin?@ daily Progress 15 v2 (2020)12 (A1) Mathematics Extension 2 _ Optional Challenging Questions Obstacles don't have to stop you. If you run into a wall, don't turn around and give up. Figure out how to climb it, 80 through it, or work around it. [Exercise 1 Question 1* Prove that for any real number x we have [x( x-2)s2x741 Question 2* A 1p yt g ‘The Golden Ratio is defined to be the number g soifa 1x1 square is | removed from a gx! rectangle, the remaining rectangle is similar to the : original rectangle. This is shown on the diagram below. Prove that | | g” -9-1=0 and hence find an expression for @ [Bonneeuee | D Foe ©baily Progress 16 V2 (2020) Proof (t)_ amend Proof (i) (a) The definition of lim f(x) = £ is Forall ¢>0, there exists 5 ¢IR such that for all x>d, If@)-d0, there exists 5 such that for 0-< |x=al <5, |fQ@)-q1; (Gi) Prove that x is an integer, given the assumption that eis rational; Gif) Hence prove that ¢ is irrational. (Hint: Show that x lies between two consecutive integers), Level 3 Question 1* Let aeR and Sbe a subset of RR. We say that a is a limit point of Sif Ye>0 3xeS (xa and |x—al [/(a)>0}. @) Write down the negation of the given statement, and simplify your answer so that the negation symbol is not used. (©) Prove thatthe function y= f(x) where xe RR" and yeR defined by f(x) = sin? (xx eventually positive. ©Daily Progress 20 v2 (2020)Question 1 (@) Proof (b) Proof Question 2 (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 3 (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 4 (@) Proof (b) Proof Question (@) Proof (b) Proof Level 2 Question 1 (@) Proof (b) Proof Question 2 (a) Explanation (b) Explanation (©) Explanation Question 3 (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 4 (a) Proof (b) Proof Level 3 Question 1* Proof Question 2* 1+v5 2 Proof; 9 = Question 3* (a) Proof (b) (i) Proof @i) Proof Exercise 2 Question 1 (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 2 (@) Proof (b) Proof Question 3 (a) Proof (b) Proof ©Daily Progress Question 4 (@) Proof (b) Proof Level 2 Question 1 (a) Proof (®) @ Proof (ii) Proof Question 2 (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 3 (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 4 (a) Proof (b) (i) Proof (ii) Proof Level 3 Question 1* (a) Proof (b) Proof Question 2* (a) Proof (®) ( Explanation (ii) Proof (iii) Proof Level 1 Question 1 (a) Statement (b) Statement (©) Statement (@) Statement (© Statement Question 2 (a) Statement (b) Statement (©) Statement (d) Statement Question 3 (a) Converse, True (b) Converse, True (© Converse, False (@) Converse, False (©) Converse, False ( Converse, True Question 4 (a) Converses (b) Converses (©) Converses () Converses Question 5 21 (a) Contrapositive (b) Contrapositive (¢) Contrapositive (@) Contrapositive (©) Contrapositive (f) Contrapositive Question 6 (a) Negation, Original (b) Negation, Negation (©) Negation, Original (@ Negation, Original Level 2 Question 1 (@) Statement, True (b) Statement, True (©) Statement, False (@) Statement, False Question 2 (a) Statement, False (b) Statement, True (©) Statement, True (@ Statement, True Question 3 (a) Statement (b) Statement (©) Statement (@) Statement (©) Statement Question 4 (@) Sentence (b) Sentence Question 5 (a) Explanation (b) Explanation Level 3, Question 1* (a) Proof (b) Statement (©) Proof, Question 2* (@) Statement (0) Proof v2 (2020)Level 8, 11-15 Deane St, Burwood Phone: 9715 2622 Level 2, 182 Forest Rd, Hurstville Phone: 9586 3969 Email: [email protected] www.drdueducation.com.au Office Hours: Monday to Sunday: 10am — 6.30pm v2 (2020)