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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K viewsIOE First Semester Physics Past Questions
IOE first semester Past Questions for BCT
Uploaded by
ksladfjlkdkCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 40
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY | Exam. a
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks | 80
inati ivision | BEL, BEX, BEI,
Examination Control Division | Programme | BCT, BAM. BIE, | Pass Marks | 32
. BAG, BAS _ _
2079 Baishakh | Year /Part Time | hrs.
KAAS
6.
‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH 402) .
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
Alll questions carry equal marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.
. Derive a differential equation for damped oscillation. Write it solution and angular
frequency. Hence discuss all three cases of damped angular frequency and corresponding,
motion.
OR
Derive a relation to determine the radius of gyration of a compound pendulum, Why
determination of acceleration due to gravity is more accurate from a compound pendulum
than a simple pendulum?
A circuit has L = 12 mH, C= 1.6 pF and R= 1.50
a) After what time t, will the amplitude of the charge oscillatons drop to one half of its
initial value?
b) To how many periods of oscillation does this correspond?
. What are particle velocity and wave velocity? Find the relation between them.
‘What is chromatic aberration of a lens? Obtain the condition of achromatism in the case
of combination of two lens of the same material.
What is diffraction of light? Explain how ean you obtain the wavelength of light using a
diffraction grating.
OR
Define interference of light. Analytically explain the condition for maximum and
minimum intensity and hence show graphically the variation of intensity with phase
angle.
A screen is placed 2m away from a narrow slit which is illuminated with light of
wavelength 6000A°. If the first minimum lies $ mm on either side of the central
maximum, calculate the slit width,
Find the specific rotation of a given sample of sugar solution if the plane of polarization is
tumed through an angle 25.2°, The length of the tube containing 15% sugar solution is
20 em. :
Calculate the numerical aperture and acceptance a
index of core is 1.62 and that of cladding is 1.52,
fiber in which refractive Give the general method to calculate the electric field due to continuous charge
distribution. Use it to calculate the electric field intensity at a perpendicular distance “y'
from the infinite rod having a linear charge density 2.
OR
What is electric field? Calculate the electric field al a distance x from the center of ring of
charge. Show that if a negative charge ~q is placed near the center of charged ring, the
motion of charge ~q will be simple harmonic.
. A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance of 110 pF, with a plate area of 90 cm’ is filled
with a substance of dielectric constant k = 5.5. A potential difference of $0 V is
maintained between plates. Determine:
2) The electrifield strez
b) The magnitude of free charge on the plate
©) The magnitude of induced surface charge.
4) The magnitude of polarization vector.
Discuss microscopic view of conduction. Show that resistivity and conductivity are
independent of applied field and depends on nature of material.
Compare Biot-Savart law with Amper's law to calculate magnetic field due to current
carrying conductor. Calculate the magnetic flux density at an axial distance *x’ from the
centre of the coil of radius ‘R’ carrying a current ‘i’,
OR
Describe the working mechanism of cyclotron. Find the expression for maximum energy
of a rotating particles in a cyclotron. Write its limitation. How can you overcome its
limitation?
|. A long circular coil consisting of 100 turns with diameter 1.2 m carries a current of SA
a) Calculate the magnetic field at a point along the axis 80 cm from the center.
b) At what distance from the center, along the axis, the magnitude of field is 1/8 times its
value at the center?
|. A uniform magnetic field of strength 8.0 T is applied perpendicularly on a rectangular
metal strip of width 2.0 mm and thickness 15.0 jum. A current of 1.5A is passed along the
length of strip and a transverse voltage equal to 350uV is measured across its width.
Caleulate
1) The average velocity of the electron in the metal.
b) The number of conduction electron per unit volume in this metal.
. Mention the Maxwell's electromagnetic equations in integral and differential form. Show
that the electromagnetic wave propagate with the speed of light in free space.
6. A particle of mass M is confined in one dimensional infinitely deep potential well of
width ‘L’, Calculate the wave function and energy eigen value. Hence draw the wave
function and its corresponding probability density for first three Quantum number.
ae ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division’ |
Programme | BCT, BAM, BIE, Pass Marks | 32
|_| BAG, BAS
2078 Kartik Year/Part {IN
‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SHs0.
Y. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Y Attempt AU questions.
¥ All questions carry equal marks.
¥ Assume suitable data if necessary.
1. Derive the time period of physical pendulum. Show that its time period is minimum when
length of pendulum is equal to radius of gyration,
OR
Derive a differential equation for LC oscillation, Show that the maximum values of
electric and magnetic energies stored in LLC circuit in equal,
2._A\solid sphere of mass 3kg and diameter 0.20m is suspended on a wire, Find the period of
‘angular oscillation for small displacements if the torsional constant of the wire is
6*10°Nmv/rad.
3. A string has linear mass density 530g/m and tension SON. We send a sinusiodal wave
with frequency 120Hz and amplitude 6.5mm along the string. At what average rate does
the wave transport energy?
4, What are Newton's rings? Give the necessary theory for the determination of refractive
index of liquid using Newton's ring method.
ne OR
What is double refraction? Show that linearly and circularly polarized light are the special
cases of elliptically polarized light.
5. Light is incident normally on a grating 0.Sem wide with 2500 lines. Find the angular
separation for the principle maxima of two sodium lines (4: = 589.0nm and 2,=589.6nm)
in the first order. Are the two lines resolved?
6. Show that diameter of the circle of least confusion is independent of the focal length of
lens in the case when object is at infinity.
7. ‘Two lenses of focal length +5.Sem and +4.
position of principle points if the combination so
Define optical fiber.-Derive the expressions for acceptance angle and numerical aperture
of optical fiber.
9. Prove that the electric ficld due to a short dipole at a point on axial line is twice that on
the equatorial line.
m are separated by a finite distance. Find the
isfies the condition of achromatism.
OR
Discuss Gauss's law in electrostatics. Find the electric field intensity at a point outside
and inside the uniformly charged non-conducting sphere of radius R. 10. A capacitor of capacitance C is discharged through a resistor of resistance R. After how
many time constants is the stored energy 4 of its initial valuc,
11. Discuss a microscopic view of Ohm's law and show that resistivity of a conductor is
independent of the external electric field.
12. Derive the expression of magnetic flux density at a point on the axis of a circular coil
carrying current with N number of tums. Explain how the coil behaves for large distance.
OR
Show that the electrical energy density and the magnetic energy density are proportional
to square of their corresponding fields.
3. Reuterons in cyclotron describe a cigcle of radius 0.32m just beforg emerging from ccs.
“The frequency'f the applied emf is 10 MHz. Find the flux density of the magnetic field *
and velocity of deuterons emerging out of the eyclotrons. (Mass of deuteron is
3.32%10™kg)
|. Find an expression of the self inductance of a toroid having N number of tums, radius x
and carrying current i.
. The maximum electric field 20m from an isotropic point source is 1.5V/m. Determine:
2) the maximum value of magnetic field
b) average intensity of light
©) power of the source
16, Prove that the energy levels sre quantized, when an electron is confined in an infinite
potential well of width a. ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
BE | Full Marks | 80
“BEL, BEX, BEI, '
| Programme | 8CT, BAM, BIE) Pass Marks | 32
BAG, BAS |
vear/Part [1/T Time
- Engineering Physics (SH 402)
2078 Bhadra
_____ Subject: - Eng
Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable
Attempt All questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
Y Assume suitable data if necessary.
1. Deduce the formula for the time period of compound pendulum and show that it is”
minimum when length of the pendulum is equal to radius of gyration.
On,
Develop a differential equation of forced oscillations in LCR series circuit and find an
expression for resopant frequency.
A string has linear density S25gm/m and tension 45N. When a sinusoidal wave of
frequency 120Hz and amplitude 8.5mm is sent along the string, at what average rate does
the wave transport energy.
|. What is meant by reverberation time. Derive the relation of sebine's formula, Also explain
the growth and decay of sound in a hall
4. What is chromatic aberration? Derive an expression for the condition of achromatism of
two thin lenses in contract.
5. What do you mean by coherent sources? Derive necessary theory of interference due to
wedge shape thin film.
6. The spaci g of u ntomic planes in a crystal is 3.1*10"°. When a monochromatic beam of
X-ray is incident on them at incident angle $2°30' second order image is produced,
calculate the glancing angle for the 4" order image.
7. A.200:mm long glass tube is filled with a solution of sugar, containing 15 gram of sugar in
100ml of water. The plane of polarized light, passing through this solution, is rotated
though 20° 30’. Find the specific rotation of sugar.
An optical fiber has numerical aperture 0.22 and refrective index change 0.01)
the values of refractive index of core and cladding?
What are
9. Define the term quadrupole. Derive the relation of the electric potential due to lincar
quadruple along its axial line.
OR
Derive an expression for electric field intensity due to the non-conducting spherically
symmetric charge distribution of radius R at point (i) inside sphere (ii) outside sphere by
ising Gauss law. Also write down the significance of Gaussian surface. 10.
Two similar balls of mass m and charge q are hanging from silk thread of length /. These
two balls are repelled by angle 20, prove that the separation of the balls as
2) ay
x-|—2 , assuming 0 is very small.
2régmg
. Anlectron with kinetic energy 2.5 KeV circles in a plane perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field. The radius of the orbit is 25cm. Calculate (i) the spced of the electron (ii)
the flux density of magnetic field (iii) the number of revolutions per second,
. What is the average time between collisions of free electrons in copper wire? Given,
atomic weight = 63 gnvmol, denisty = Sgavem, resistivity = 1.7«10OQm and Avogadro's
no = 6.02x10” mol, °
State
current c
Biot end Savart’s law. Derive an expression for magnetic field due to
ying circular loop at axial line.
OR
Derive an expression for the growth and decay of current in LR circuit. Explain the
meaning of inductive time constant.
. A 10eV electron is circulating in a plane at right angles to a uniform field of magnetic
induction of 1x10* Wb/m?. Calculate its orbital radius, cyclotron frequency and period of
revolution.
. Sun light just outside the earth in atmosphere has an intensity of 1.4kW/m?, Calculate the
maximum electric and magnetic fields for sun light, assuming it to be a plane wave.
Given c=2.99%1 0%m/s.
. Show that energy of an electron that is confined in the infinite potential well is quantized
and sketch that energy level and wave function diagram for n=1, 2 and 3 for that well.
ate ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING __ | BE.
inati -ol Divisi BEL, BEX, Bl
Examination Control Division Programme | BCT, BAM, BIE] Pass Marks | 32
BAG, BAS _ |
2076 Chaitra Year /Part_ {1/1 Time 3 his.
_ Subject: - Engineering Physics (91 402)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
“Assume suitable data if, ry
1. Define point of suspension & oscillation of ber pendulum & show thit they are
intercbangeable. Also show that the time period will be minimum, when these points are
equidistance from centre of gravity.
SAAS]
Or,
What is damped oscillation? Develop a relation for damped frequency in LCR oscillation.
Hence discuss the underdamped, overdamped and criticelly damped oscillations.
2. In en oscillation, the amplitude drops to Me of its original amplitude in S0sec. Find the
relexation time, Also, obiain the time required to drop the aunplitude to 1/e” of the original
amplitude.
3. The reyerberation time for an empty hall is 1.5 sec. With 500 audiences present in the
hall, the reverberation time falls to 1.4 secs. Find the number of persons present in the
‘hall if the reverberation time falls to 1.312 sec.
4. A coaxial lens system placed in air hes two lens of focal length 36cm & 12cm separated
by a distance 24cm. Find the position of the cardinal poi
5. What is Newton's Ring? How can it be used to determine the refractive index of the
liquid?
' Or,
Discuss the similarities & differeace of Young's double slit interference & single slit
Giffraction, Interrelate the discussion to explain the formation of spectra by diffraction in
asingle slit.
6. Show the intensity in the first and second order in a single slit diffraction reduced
approximately to 4.5% and 1.6% of its central maxima.
7. Two polarizing sheets are placed together with their transmission axes.crossed. A third
* sheet is inserted between them with its transmission axis at an angle of 45° with respect to
each of the other axes. Find the fraction of incident unpolarised light intensity transmitted
by the combination.
8. What is the fiber optics? Discuss the physics behind the optical fiber transmission, Derive
an expression for acceptance angle of an optical fiber.
9, Define electric quadrupole and quadrupole m
electric field intensity due to the
nent. Hence, determine the expression for
State and prove the Gauss'
field intensity at a point insi
in electrost
the uniformly chy
Apply this Iw to determine the electric
ged non conducting solid sphere. 10. A parallel plate capacitor each of area 100cm? has potential difference of SOV and
capacitance 100pF, if a mica of dielectric constant 5.4 is inserted between plate, find the
magnitude of
a) Electric field intensity
b) Displicement vector
©) Polarization vector
11, Define Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law. Obtain an expression
for self inductance of toroid. 7
12.4f the carrier density of intrinsic Germanium af 300K is 2.29%10!femn?, Calculate the
resistivity at the same temperature given that-clectron & hole mobilities are 0.39m'y"3"", ’
& 0.19m*v"'s" respectively. .? ee
13, Compare Biot Savart law with Amper's law. Calcnlate the magnetic field outside & inside
due to a long, straight wire of radius R canying a steady current i that is uniformly
distributed through the cross-section of the wire.
14. A Jong solenoid of radius 2cm has 1x}° tums per meter and carries a sinusoidally
varying current I=Ssinl0Oxt, where I is in ampere & t is in second. Determine the
magnitude of induced electric field at a radius 1 cm & r= 3 om from its central axis.
© What is Displacement current? Define ond derive the relation of poynting vector in
electromagnetism.
16. An electron with an energy of SeV is incident on a potential barrier which is 92eV high
& 0.2 nm wide.
a) what is the maximum transmission coefficient that the electron will pass through the
barrier?
b)_ what is the probability of transmission that the electron will pass through the barrier.
on Examination Control Division | Programme
fet
‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY [Exam
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING —_[ Level
Faull Marks | 80
| BAN, BIE BAG, 8
ia
2076 Ashwin ‘Year/Part
— ‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH #02)
v
v
¥
v
‘Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Altempt All questions, .
All questions carry equal marks.
‘Assume suitable data if necessary.
Derive an expression for the time period of a physical pendulum and establish the
inferchangeability of the center of oscillation and suspension.
oR .
Give the necessary theory of forced electromagnetic oscillation and deduce the condition
for resonance amplitude in LCR series circuit with ac source.
Write down the characteristics of simple harmonic progressive wave. Derive an
expression of energy of a progressive wave.
‘A spring is stretched by 5 cm when a load of Ikg is suspended to the lower and (upper
‘end of spring is fixed). What will be the maximum velocity of object if it is pulled down
further by Sem form equilibrium position and then released?
‘Two thin lenses of focal lengths fy and f; separated by a distance d have an equivalent
focal length 0.3m and both lenses are of same material. The combination of lenses
‘satisfies'the Condition of achromatism and minimization of spherical aberration. Find the
value of f and f.
Explain the formation’ of Newton's ring in reflected system of monochromatic light
Prove that in reflected light diameters of the dark rings are proportional to the square root
of natural numbers.
oR
What is double refractiori of light? Using the concept of double refraction, show that the
plane polerized light and circularly polarized light are the special cases of elliptically
polarized light.
A plane transmission grating of width 6 cm has $000 lines/cm. Find the resolving power
of grating for second order spectrum and the smallest wavelength difference that’can be
resolved for light of wavelength 5000 A .
A plano-convex lens of radius 300 cm is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is
illuminated by monochromatic light. The diameter of the 8° dark ring in the transmitted
system is 0.72.em. Calculate the wavelength of light used.
Differentiate between LASER and white light. Why the light in He-Ne laser is produced
from Neon and not form Helium?
‘A sing shaped conductor with radius R cartes a charge q uniformly distributed around it.
Find the electric field intensity at an axial point of ring at distance y form the centre.
OR
Define capacitance. Give a general method to calculate capacitance of a capacitor. Find
‘expression for the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor.
15 vet
10. An electric dipole consists of charges 10;1C and -10yuC separated by a distance of Imm.
What is the maximum torque experienced by-the dipole if placed-in the uniform electric
field of intensity 400 V/cm?
11. Calculate the (i) mean free time and (ii) mean free path between collisions for the _
conduction electrons in copper having electron density 85x10" /m’ and resistivity
1.7*10 Qm. Charge of electron 1.6*10" C, mass of electron 9.1%107! kg, effective
speed of electron 1.6x10° mis.
12, Using Ampere’s law, calculate the magnetic field inside, outside and on the surface of a
long current carrying conductor and hence plot a graph between the magnetic field and
the distance from the center of the conductor.
OR
Show that the energy per unit volume in an electric ficld and magnetic field are
proportional to the square of their fields.
13. A series circuit has 25 ohm resistance and 0.1 henry inductance. What will be initial rate
of increase of current if the circuit contains a 12V steady source? What time is required
for the current to attain a value of 100mA?
14. A wire of length L carries a current J. If the wire is formed into a ciscular coil, then the
saximam forquin given magnetic fel B developed fora singe tans =(_2-) m8
iz
@)write Maxwell's equations in integral form. Convert them into differential form.
16. An electron is confined to an infinite potential well of size 8.5 um. Calculate the ground
state energy of the electron and radian frequency. Given: Plank’s constant = 6,62 x10™
Js, mass of electron = 9.1x10"" kg. .
oe Examination Control Division | Programme | pay, nie’ bad, Bas | PASS Marks) 32
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY,
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
BEL, BEX, BEL, BCT,
2075 Chaitra Year/Part_[1/1 Time his.
R488]
‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH402)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions:
AU questions carry equal marks,
‘Assume suitable data if necessary.
Define torsional pendulum. Derive an expression for its time period. Explain why the
time period of the torsional pendulum remains unaffected even(f the amplide is large.
oR
‘What is 2 damped EM oscillations? Which factor in the circuit is responsible to produce
such a motion? Derive a differential equation for this motion and write its solution. What
will be the remedy of such motion to make it smooth?
‘A meter stick swings as a compound pendulum when suspended from one of its end.
Calculate (a) period of the oscillations and (b) equivalent length of the simple pendulum
that would have the same period.
Mertion ‘the conditions for good acoustics of a hall and derive an expression for
reverberation time, * -
Why Newton's interferénce fringes are circular? Derive an expression for radius of the
Newton's ring due to the transmitted light.
oo oR
Define dispersive and resolving power of a diffraction grating. Derive an expression for
the resolving power ofthe grating having N sits.
A plane transmission grating having 5000 lines/cm is used to obtain a spectrum of light
from a sodium lamp in the second order. Calculate the angular seperation between the
two sodium lines whose wavelengths are $89 nm and 589.6 nm.
Calculate the specific rotation if the plane of polarizaio
traversing 25 cm length of 10% sugar solution.
is tumed through 30.5°
. Define an optical fiber and mention its types. Explain the numerical aperture and
acceptance angle for the optical fiber and derive the expression to establish a relationship
between them.
. Dispersive powers for crown and flint glass lenses are 0,015 and 0.030 respectively. How
can you design an achromatic contact of the lenses of focal length $0 cm?
‘What is an electric Quadrupole? Derive an expression for the electric potential at any
point on the axial line ata distance ‘r’ from the centre of a short Quadrupole. Also, show
thet the electric potential at that point is inversely proportional to r,
oR
Discuss the modification of Gauss law due to the presence of the dielectrics and derive a
relation among displacement vector, polarization vector and the electric field 10:A particle of charge ~q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charges
q of separation d. If the negative charge executes SHM between the positive charges,
then derive an expression for the time period of the oscillations.
11. Caloulate the mean free time and mean free path between the collisions for the free
electrons in copper with number density of the electron 8.5 x 10" m® and resistivity
1.7 ® 10 ohm-m(e = 1.6 x 10° C, m, = 9.1 x 10”! kg and effective speed of the
electron = 1.6 x 10° m/s) .
12. Define the cyclotron and cyclotron frequency. show that energy of a charged particle in &
cyclotron is independent to the oscillating electric field.
OR
State Ampere’s law in magnetism. Calculate the magnetic ficld outside and inside a
current carrying long straight conductor.
13. An inductance of an inductor L connected to a battery of emf ¢ through a resistor of
resistance R. Show that the p.d. across the inductor after time t is Vi = ce. At what
time the p.d. across the inductor is equal to the p.d. across the resistor such that i = io/2.
14. What is magnetic flux density at the center of a circular coil of radius 2 ¢m and with 20
tums carrying current of 10 A?
@)write Maxwell equations in differential form. State and explain the pointing vector and
‘theorem.
16. What is the physical significance of wave function? Derive the relation of Schrodinger
wave equation in time dependent form. ~
: on “ ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
EL, BEX, BCT, |
Programme | same, BIE, B. Agri| Pass Marks | 32
E [Full Marks | 80
2075 Ashwin Year/Part_ {1/1 Time [3hhrs.
‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH7402) _
¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as fer as practicable.
Y Attempt All questions.
¥ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Y Assume suitable data if necessary.
1) Deduce the time period of a simple harmonic vibration. Explain why a loaded bus is more
comfortable than an empty bus. (+2)
2) Explain forced oscillation with its differential equation. Write the relation for the frequency
dependent amplitude and hence give a rough sketch of the resonance curve. +2)
Or
Calculate the average amplitude of a sinusoidal sound wave in air of a frequency of 1.5 KHz
and average intensity 10-5W/cm?, where density of air is 1.29kg/m?. ©)
3) Give an account of bad acoustic properties of a hall and discuss the method to Improve these
defects. ©
4) Explain the physical meaning of Dispersive and resolving powers of a Grating. Two spectral
lines have wavelengths A and M+. respecively where Al <<). Show that their angular
separation AQ in a grating spectrometer is AO where'd” and ‘m’ are grating
elements and no. of order respectively. (2+3)
Or
In newton's ring experiment, “Central spot is dark in reflected system” and “Fringes get
closer as the no. of order increased” explain. Is it possible to make central spot bright in
reflected system? If so how? +2)
5) A soap film 5*10° cm thick is viewed at an angle of 35° to the normal. Find the
wavelength of the visible light which will be absent from the reflected light. ©
6) Light of wavelength $80nm falls on a calcite crystal of certain thickness. The emerging
light is circularly polarized. What must be the thickness of such crystal? (5)
7) Calculate the focal length of combinetion of two thin lenses of focal length f; and fi
separated by a distance‘d’. Find the position of two principal points. ©)
8) Trace the ray diagram that shows the propagation of light through the step and graded index
optical fiber. Write the importance of self-focusing in an optical fiber. +2) 9) Charge of uniform density p=3.2uC/m? fills a non-conducting solid sphere of radius of 5.0
cm. What is the magnitude of the electric field a) at 3.5 cm b) 8.0 cm from the sphere's
center (5)
Or
‘Two large parallel plates are separated by a distance of Scm. The plates have equal but
opposite charges that create an electric field in the region between the plates. An alpha
particle (q= 3.2°10” C, m= 6.68*10""kg) is released from the positively charged plate, and
it strikes the negatively charged plate 2*10* sec later. Assuming that the electric field .
between plates is uniform and perpendicular to the plates, what is the strength of electric
field? O}
10) Calculate the potential at a point due to a uniform line of charge of length L at a distance D
from its one end which lies in the perpendicular line. (5)
11) Explain how electric energy is stored in a capacitor and derive an expression for energy
density of electric field. (243)
12) Explain super conductivity and its types with examples. Write the difference(s) between
super conductor and perfect conductor. (342)
13) fa test charge revolves round a circular path of radius 8.5cm where the magnetic field
increases at steady rate 0.13T/s, calculate the magnitude of induced electric field at a point
12.5 em? 6)
14) Derive expression for inductances of a solenoid and toroid. Then show that inductance is the
property of the coil. (5)
Or
What is Hall Effect? Write its importance. Show that the hall coefficient Ry = -I/ne, where
the symbols have their own meanings. (+143)
15) The Sun delivers about 10° W/m? of energy to the earth’s surface through EM radiation
calculate a) the total power incident on a roof of dimensions 8m.*20 m. b) Radiation
pressure and force exerted on the roof, assuming roof is perfect absorber. (2+3)
16) A beam of electrons having energy of each 3ev is incident on a potential barrier of height 4ev
-If the width of the barrier is 20nm, calculate the percentage transmission of the beam through
the barrier.
(5) M4 __awsttuvan univensrry SS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BE
. . ., * t BEL, BEX, BCT,
Examination Control Division | programme | BAME, BIE, B. Agri.
2074 Chaitra
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.
AA448 |
. Describe L.C oscillation qualitatively by using necessary circuits and graph.
OR
Define the terms sharpness of resonance and quality factor. Derive the relation of quality
factor in terms of band width.
2. Define transverse wave. Develop a differential equation of the wave in a stretched string
and then find the velocity of transverse wave.
3. A reverberation time of 2.3 sec is observed in a hall of volume 5500 m°. The sound
absorbing surface of the hall has an area of 750 m’. Calculate the average absorption
coefficient.
4. What are constructive and destructive interference? Prove that the path difference for
constructive interference is integer multiple of 2 and that for destructive interference is
odd imteger multiple of 1/2
oR
How can you distinguish the plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light by using
nicol prised and wave plate?
5. What is diffraction of light? Explain’ the dispersive power and resolving power of a
diffraction grating. Derive the relation and also relate them.
6. A 30 cm long polarimeter tube containing 50 cm’ of sugar solution produces an optical
rotation 14.5° when placed on a polarimeter tube. If the specific rotation of-sugar solution
is 65°, calculate the quantity of sugar contained in the tube.
7. Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 30 cm and 40 cm respectively are placed
co-oxially in air separated by a distance of 20 em. An object is placed 40 cm in front of
the first lens. Find the position and nature of the image.
8. What is optical fiber? Explain numerical aperture and acceptance angle. Also compare the
attenuation property efficiency and cost of single mode and multimode optical fibers.
9. What is electrical dipole and dipole moment? Derive an expression of the electric field
intensity at a point due to dipole at equatorial line? 10. Define the three electric vectors E,P,D and develop a relation between them.
OR
‘Show that half the energy stored lies within the
A cylindrical capacitor has radii ‘a’ an
cylinder whose radius is r= Vab .
11. What will be the conductivity of sodium metal having atomic weight 22.9 and density
1,013 gm/em? The relaxation time of sodium metal is 3«10"* sec.
12. What type of particles can be accelerated by a cyclotron? Explain the working of
cyclotron and synchrotron with their differences.
OR
Differentiate between electromagnetic induction and self-induction. Develop an
expression for self-inductance of a teroid.
13. Using Ampere's law, calculate the magnetic field inside, outside and on the surface of a
long current carrying conductor and hence plot a graph between the magnetic field versus
distance from the center of the conductor.
14. Determine the energy stored in an inductor. Also, determine the energy density in
magnetic field.
15.A radio wave transmits 25 W/m? of power per unit area, The flat surface area is
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. Calculate the radiation pressure
on it and maximum electric and magnetic field associated with the wave.
16. What are the significances of wave-function? Using the wave function derive and
expression for the time dependent Schrodinger wave equation.
ane Examination Control Division | Programme cy’ sie, B Agri
aS
/ —
24 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY (Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING —_ Level BE Full Marks 80
BEL BEX.BAME. pags Marks 32
Bhs.
Ye
2074 Ashwin
(Part 1/1
“Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH402)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
‘Assume suitable data if necessary.
Define centers of suspension and oscillation of a compound pendulum and show that they
are interchangeable. What length of the pendulum has its minimum time period?
OR
Define SHM. Derive the expression for energy of SHM. Show that the KE and PE of
simple harmonically oscillating object changes with time however the total energy is
invariant.
What is LC oscillation? Derive the differential equation of free oscillation and compare
its solution with mass spring system.
What is piezoclectric effect? Describe the construction of a piezoelectric oscillator for
the production of ultrasonic waves.
Explain how interference fringes are formed by a thin wedge shaped film examining by
normally reflected light. Derive a relation for the fringe width on such system of
interference fringes.
OR
What is double refraction? Explain how would you use the phenomenon to produce linear
polarized light and circularly polarized light
A diffraction grating used at normal incidence gives a line (540 nm) in a certain order
superposed on the violet line (405 nm) of the next higher order. How many lines per cm
are there in the grating if the angle of diffraction is 30°?
In Ramsden’s eyepiece a coaxial lens system is used. There are two lenses in air and are
of equal focal length of separated by a distance 2f/3. Find positions of the cardinal points.
Discuss the physical significance of numerical aperture (NA). How does it depend on
refractive index of core and cladding?
Cateaae the thickness of doubly refracting plate capable of producing a path differences
of % berween extraordinary and ordinary rays of wavelength 5890 A . (Use juo = 1.53;
and He= 1.54)
What is an electric dipole and dipole moment? Show that electric field for a short dipole
drops inversely to cube of the distance at any point from the dipole on an axial line.
OR
What is an electric qudrupole? Calculate potential for points on the axis of the qudrupole. 10. Two point charges 6c and -24y1c are 18 cm apart in air. Locate the positions of zero
potential on the line joining the charges.
11. Two capacitors having capacitance 254F and SuF are connected in parallel and charged
with a 100V power supply. Calculate the total energy stored in the two capacitors.
12. What is superconductor? Explain critical magnetic field. Describe the characteristics of
superconductor.
OR
Explain Biot-Savart law. Show that a current carrying circular coil behaves as a magnetic
dipole for a large distance.
13. Explain meaning of self induction. Calculate inductance for a solenoid and Toroid.
14. Deuterons in a cyclotron describe a circle of radius 0.32 m just before emerging from
dees. The frequency of the applied emf"s 10 MHz. Find the flux density of the magnetic
field and the energy of deuterons emerging out of the cyclotron. (mass of deuterons =
3.32 x 1077 kg.)
15. What are Maxwell's equations? Using Maxwell equations derive electromagnetic (em)
wave equation in dielectric medium. Prove that em wave travels with velocity less than
velocity of light in such medium.
16. A non relativistic particle is moving three times as fast as an electron. The ratio of the de-
Broglie wavelength of the particle to that of the electron is 1.813 x 10“. Calculate the
mass of the particle. .
tee 4 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING | Level ~ BE Full!
BAME, BEL, BEX,
ks | 80
Examination Control Division | Programme BCT, BIE, BAgri.| Pass Marks 32
KAKS
2073 Shrawan Le
/Part 1/1 __ Shs,
Candidates are requiréd to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Altempt All questions.
All questions carry equal marks
Assume suitable data if necessary
Write the differences between mechanical oscillation and em. oscillation. Set up the
differential equation of damped harmonic mechanical oscillation. Obtain the relation for
frequency of such oscillation. Hence explain the conditions for different types of damped
oscillation
OR
Define sharpness of resonance. Derive the relation for current amplitude of forced e-m
oscillation.
What are the measures of good acoustic building? Show that the reverberation time
decrease with increase in absorbing factors in a hall.
Two thin lenses of focal length f1 and f2 separated by a distance having an equivalent
focal length 50 cm. The combination satisfies the condition for no chromatic aberration
and minimum spherical aberration. Find the separation between the two lenses if both
lenses are of same materials.
Prove that the intensity of first maxima is 4.54% of the central maxima in Fraunhoffer's
single slit diffraction.
OR
Write the physical meaning of dispersive power and resolving power of grating, Show
that resolving power is directly proportional to the total number of rulings on the grating.
Newton's Rings arrangement is used witha source emitting two wavelength 2 and da. It
is found that the n® dark ring due to 21 coincides with (n+1)th dark ring to ia. Find the
diameter of n™ dark ring. (21 = 6*10° cm, Az = 5.910" cm radius of curvature of the lens
R=90cm).
A quartz, crystal has refractive indices 1.553 and 1.544, Calculate the thickness of a
quarter wave plate for sodium light of wavelength S890A°.
Explain the terms stimulated emission, population inversion, optical pumpling and
metastable, Explain working principle of He-Nellaser,
A heavy circular ring of radius R oscillates in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis at a
distance x from the center. Show that the time period is minimum when x = R 5
Derive the relation for potential at any point due to an electric dipole and show that no
work is done in bringing a charge from infinity to dipole along the perpendicular bisector
of the dipole.
OR
A plastic rod contains uniformly distributed Q charge. The rod has been bent in 120°
circular arc of radius 'r’ as shown in figure below. Prove that the electric field intensity at
0.83Q
the center of bent rod is E = :
4ne,r
). Derive the relation for rise and fall of current in charging and discharging of capacitor
through resistor. Plot graphs between current and time and explain the figures.
. The space between two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii b= 1.70 cm and a
= 1.70 cm and a = 1.20 em is filled with a substance of dielectric constant k = 23.5. A
potential difference V = 73 V is applied across the inner and outer shells. Determine (a)
the capacitance of the device (b) the free charge q on the inner shell.
. What is Hall-effect? Derive an expression for the Hall coefficient and established the
relation between mobility of charge carrier and conductivity of material of wire.
OR
Derive a relation resistivity of a conductor using microscopic view. From your result,
explain why resistivity of a conductor increase with necessary with increasing
temperature.
Explain the phenomenon of self induction. Calculate the value of inductance for (a) long
solenoid and (b) Toroid.
What is Ampere's law? Derive the expression for magnetic flux density outside and inside
a long straight conductor carrying current I
Define Poynting vector. Prove that S = (i By. where the symbols have their usual
meanings.
. Discuss the significance of the wave function and deduce the time independent
Schrodinger's wave equation.
oe 24 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
it isi BEL, BEX,BCT
Examination Control Division Programme BAME, BIF, Pass Marks 32
B Agr.
2072 Chaitra Year/Part 1/1 Shr
Subject: - Engineering Physics ($1402)
Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable,
Y Attempt All questions.
~All questions carry equal marks.
Y Assume suitable data if necessary
Differentiate between bar pendulum and torsional pendulum. Prove that there exists four
collinear points in bar pendulum.
OR
Prove that LC circuit is an analogy of simple harmonic motion and hence prove that
maximum energy stored in electric field is equal to maximum energy stored in magnetic
field.
In simple harmonic motion, when the displacement is one-half the amplitude, what
fraction of the total energy is KE and what fraction is PE? At what displacement is the
energy half KE and half PE?
‘A source of sound has a frequency of 256 Hz and amplitude of 0.50 cm, calculate the
energy flow across a square cm per sec. The velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s and
density of air is 1.29 ke/m’
Prove that interference in thin film of reflected and transmitted light are complementary
to each other.
OR
What is diffraction of light? Discuss the intensity distribution with special reference to
diffraction of light ina single slit.
‘Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 30 cm and 40 cm respectively are placed co-
axially in air separated by a distance of 20 cm. An object is placed 40 cm in front of the
first lens. Find the position and nature of the image.
A200 mm long tube and containing 48 cm? of sugar solution produces an optical rotation
‘of 11° when placed in a saccharimeter. If the specific rotation of sugar solution is 66°,
calculate the quantity of sugar contained in the tube in the form of a solution.
In a Newton's ring experiment the diameter of the 10™ ring changes from 1.40 em to 1.27
cm when a liquid is introduced between the lens and the plate. Calculate the refractive
index of the liqui
What is an optical fiber? Show that Numerical aperture of an optical fiber is given by the
expression, NA =pV2A , where the symbols carry their usual meanings,
Determine the electric field at a distance z on the central axis from the center of a charged
ring. Also, find the maximum value of electric field.
oR
Calculate the potential at any point due to an electric dipole. Also, find the potential on
the axial line. 10. Over certain region of space the electric potential is v = 15x-3x"y+12yz’. Find the
expression for the x, y and z components of the electric field over this region. What is the
magnitude of the field at the point P that has coordinates (1, 0, -2) m?
11. Write the general methods to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor and hence
determine the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor of inner and outer radii ‘a’ and 'b’
respectively.
12, Calculate the drift speed of electrons when 20 A current is spppted through a copper
wire of cross-sectional area | mm? and electron density 10° m”°,
13. Determine the energy stored in an inductor. Hence, prove that the energy density in
magnetic field is directly proportional to square of magnetic field.
OR
Obtair. an expression for magnetic field intensity due to a circular coil carrying current at
its axial point
14. A copper strip 3.0 cm wide and 2.0 mm thick is placed in a magnetic field 1.75T. If a
current of 150 A is setup in the strip, calculate (i) Hali voltage and (ii) Hall mobility ifthe
number of electrons per unit volume is 8.4 10m” and resistivity is 1.7210" ohm-m.
15. Define poynting vector. Prove that S
16. A beam of electrons having energy of 3eV is incident on a potential barrier of height 4
eV. If the width of the barrier is 20 , calculate the percentage transmission of the beam
through the barrier. m4 ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE
Examination Controt Division
2072 Kartik ‘Year/Part_ [1/1
‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH402)
Candidates aré required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
‘All questions carry equal marks.
‘Assume sultable data if necessary.
AABN
|. Differentiate between bar pendulum and torsional pendulum. Using a torsional pendulum,
derive a relation for modulus of rigidity of the metallic wire,
: OR
Compare the damped and forced LCR oscillation. Derive the differential equation of
forved em-oscillation and compare it with driven mechanical oscillation
2. Show that in a bar pendulum, minimum time period is achieved if radius of gyration is
equal to the distance of point of suspension or point of oscillation from center of gravity.
3. Write some features of acoustically good auditorium. Derive Sabine's formula.
4, Two thin converging lenses of focal lengths 3 cm and 4 cm respectively are placed
+ coaxially in air separated by a distance of 2 cm. An object is placed at 4 em in front of
first lens. Locate the positions of the principal points and final ifhage._
‘5. What is polarization? Derive the relation for plane, elliptical and circular polarized light.
OR
‘What are the coherent sourcss of light? How such sources develop in lab? Show that the
square of diameters of the n® dark ring by the reflected light of Newton's ring is directly
Proportional to the natural number.
6. Define acceptance angle and numerical aperture. In an optical fiber, show that Numerical
‘Aperture (NA) = }icor: (24), symbols have their usual meanings.
7. Ina Fraunhofer Single slit diffraction, a convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed just
after a slit of width 0.6 mm. Ifa plane wave of wavelength 6000A° falls on slit normally,
calculate the separation between the second minima on either side of central maximum.
8. Calcite the minimum no of lines per em in a 2.5 om wide grating which will just
resolve the sodium lines 5890 A and 5896 A in second order spectrum.
“9. . A thin ring’made of plastic of radius R is uniformly charged with linear charge density A,
Calculate the electric field intensity at any point at an axial distance y from the center. If
electron is constrained to be in axial line of the same ring, show that the motion of
electron is SHM. >
oR
Discuss the behavior of dielectrics in a parallel plate capacitor. Based on Gauss law of
electrostatic in dielectric, show thatD=e,E+P , where symbols have their usual
meaning, 10. The potential in @ region between. x = Omandx = 6mis V=a+bx? where a = 10 and
b=-7V/m. Determine (i) the potentials at x = 0m, 3m and 6m and (ii) the magnitude and
direction of electric fields at x= Om, 3m and 6m. .
11, What are the current density and mobility? Explain the atomic view of the resistivity and
~ show that p= (m/ne"x}, whete symbols have their usval meanings. -
12, Give general method, of calculating capacitance of a capacitor. Use the method to
calculate the capacitance of a spherical capacitor.
13. A toroid has number of tums 1250, intemal radius $2 mm, extemal radius 95 mm and
thickness of the ring 13 mm, calculate the inductance.
OR
A solenoid having an inductance of 6.3 LH is connected in series with a 1.2 kQ
resistance. If 4 14 V battery is connected across the pair, how long will it take for the
current through the resistor to reach 80% of its final value?
14, Explain Hall effect. What results you can draw from Hall experiment? Obtain an
expression for the Hall voltage in a current carrying specimen placed in a magnetic field.
15. State Maxwell equation in integral form. Convert them into differential form. Explain
cach of these equations.
16. A free particle is confined in box of width L. Using Schrodinger wave equation find an
expression for energy eigen value. 34 |. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY [Exam aN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE
Examination Control Division | Programme | BazPP™ PC" 8 | pass Marks | 32
2071 Shawan Year/Part (1/1 The Shes.
‘Subject: - Engineering Physics (SH402)
Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
v
Y All questions carry equal marks.
% Assume suitable data if necessary.
1, Derive a relation to find the moment of inertia of s rigid body about an axis passing
through its center of gravity using the torsional pendulum,
oR
What is resonance? Formulate the differential equation of forced electromagnetic
oscillation. Then determine the expression for resonant frequency.
2. A string has a linear density of 625 gm/m and is stretched with a tension SON. A wave,
whose frequency and amplitude are 160Hz. and 10mm respectively, is travelling along the
string. At what average rate.is the wave transporting energy along the string?
3. Why is it importaat to study the reverberation time, before the construction of a Cinema
Hall?-Derive a relation for reverberation time based on absorption coefficient, volume
‘and furface area of the hall.
4, What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel to each other in interference?
Derive the relations for thin film interference by reflected light.
oR
‘Show that the diameters of the Newton’s rings when two surfaces of radii R1 and R2 are
placed in contact are related by the relation (1/R,)-(1/Rz) = (4n)/d',), where n is the
integer number of the fringes,
5. A grating with 250 grooves/mm is used with an incandescent light source. Assume the
visible spectrum to range in waveleagth from 400 to 700 nm. In how many orders can one
see the entire visible spectrum?
~ 6 Define the polarization of light. Write its importance in different optical instruments.
[Derive the relation for the thickness of quarter wave plate and half wave plate,
7. Two thin converging lenses of focal length 3cm and 4cm respectively are placed
coaxially in air and separated by distance of Zcm. An object is placed 4cm in front of the
first lens. Find the position of the nature of the image and its lateral magnification.
8.. A glass-clad fiber is made with a core glass of refractive index 1.55 and the cladding is
doped to give a fractiotal index difference of 5.5x10*, Determine (i) Cladding index (ji)
the critical internal reflection angle (iii) the extemal critical acceptance angle and (iv)
— numerical aperture (NA). _
9. A particle of charge -q and mass m is placed midway between two equal positive charges
90 of separation d. If the negative charge -q is displaced in perpendicular direction to the
line joining them and released. Show that the particle describes a SHM with a period.
pe fone?
oR
Calculate electric field at any point is axial distance due to a dipole and s quadrapole,
‘What conclusion you can draw from your results, 10, Charges ave uniformly disuibuted though ou the volume of en infinitely large cylinder
of radius ‘a’. Show that the electric field at a distance ‘r’from the cylinder axis r >0? . 10, Ac xapacitor of. capacitance “Cr resistor of resistance:‘R’: After
ymiany time éonstants is the Energy stored becornes one fourth of initial value? . =
1),Calculate the electric field due to a uniformly charged rod of length lat 2 point along its”
\/ Tong axis at a distance ‘a* from its nearest end
12, Explaimshefringiple and: working of cyclotron. Show that the time spent by the, panicle -
in a Deets independedt of its Speed and radius of its circular path. v
se OR
Use Biot: Savart Law to calculate magnetic field on the axial line of a current carrying
circulardoop. Explain how the coil behaves for a large distance point.
13. A cooper strip 150m thick is placed in a magnetic field of strength 0.65T perpendicular
to the plane of the strip and current of 23Amp is set up in the strip. Calculate: (i) the Hall
voltage (ii) Hall coefficient and (iii) Hall mobility, if the number of electrons per unit
volume is 8.5x10"%/m? and resistivity is 1.72 x 10° Obm-m.
14.A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates of 10cm radius is charged producing
uniform displacement current of magnitude 20A/m?, Calculate (i) dE/dt in the region (ii)
. Displacement current density and (jii) Induced magnetic field. :
15. Obtain an expression for energy transfer rate by electromagnetic wave. From your result
show that I c E%m. Where J is the intensity em wave and Fras is root mean square value
of electric field.
16, Derive the schrodinger time independent wave equation. Also what do you mean by a
potential barrier? .
8 . BEL, BEX,
Examination Control Division amme|BCT.BIE, | Pass Maria | 32
Prog Bawa a
2067 Ashadh Year/Part [1/1 Time dhs. |
24 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Fall Marks | 80
S466
= ‘Subject: - Engineering Physics
‘Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
AU questions carry equal marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.
‘Show that there are four collinear points within compound pendulum having same time
period. Give their physical significance.
OR
Derive the differential equation of damped harmonic oscillation in LCR circuit: Solving
the equation find the damped frequency ofthe oscillation and explain its significance. |
A uniform eiéular disk whose radius R is 12.6cm is susperided as a physical pendulum
from a point on its rim. (a) What is its period? (b) At what radial distance r we Bea
14. A coil has an inductance of 53 mH and a resistance, of 0359. If a 12V emf is applied _
across the coil, how much energy is stored in the magnetic field after the.current has built.
up to its equilibrium value? After how many time constants will half this equilibrium be
stored in the magnetic field?
OR
In a certain cyclotron a proton moves in a circle of radius 0.5m. The magnitide of the
magnetic field is 1.207. What is the oscillator frequeney?, What ig the Kinetic encrgy-of
“the proton in eV?"
Se
15, Define poynting vector. Prove that 3-288, there the symbols have their usual
° :
meanings.
16. An electron is trapped in an one dimensional infinite potential well of width ‘a’ such that
V=co for O
