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Unit 3.4 (Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle)

This document defines trigonometric functions for any angle using a standard position diagram and introduces reference angles. It provides examples of using trig functions to find values of sin, cos, tan, csc, and sec given points on the terminal side of an angle or relationships between trig functions. The document also defines reference angles for angles in each quadrant and has activities practicing evaluating trig functions using reference angles.

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Ayanda Cebekhulu
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13 views

Unit 3.4 (Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle)

This document defines trigonometric functions for any angle using a standard position diagram and introduces reference angles. It provides examples of using trig functions to find values of sin, cos, tan, csc, and sec given points on the terminal side of an angle or relationships between trig functions. The document also defines reference angles for angles in each quadrant and has activities practicing evaluating trig functions using reference angles.

Uploaded by

Ayanda Cebekhulu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEME 3 TRIGONOMETRY

UNIT 3.4 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS


OF ANY ANGLE

Larson Section 4.4 page 232 to 240


INTRODUCTION
. 𝑥, 𝑦
𝑟
𝜃

Definition: Let 𝜃 be an angle in standard


position with (𝑥, 𝑦) a point on the terminal
side of 𝜃 and 𝑟 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≠ 0

𝑦 𝑟

𝑥
ACTIVITY 1

1. Let 3, −4 be a point on the terminal


side of 𝜃. Find sin 𝜃 and tan 𝜃 . Use a
diagram.

2. Given that 4 tan 𝜃 + 5 = 0 and


cos 𝜃 > 0 . Find sin θ & 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃. Use a
diagram
ACTIVITY 1 SOLUTION
1. Let 3, −4 be a point on the terminal side of 𝜃. Find sin 𝜃 and
tan 𝜃 . Use a diagram.

𝑦 = −4 𝑟 =?
(3 , -4)
𝑥=3
By using Pythagoras we get 𝑟 2 = 3 2 + (−4)2 = 25 ∴𝑟=5
𝑦 4
sin 𝜃 = =−
𝑟 5
𝑦 4
tan 𝜃 = =−
𝑥 3
ACTIVITY 1 SOLUTIONS
2. Given that 4 tan 𝜃 + 5 = 0 and cos 𝜃 > 0 . Find sin θ & sec 𝜃. Use a
diagram
4 tan 𝜃 + 5 = 0
5
∴ tan 𝜃 = − and cos 𝜃 > 0
4
In which quadrant will we find both these given hints?
In other words where is tan negative? (2 and 4) and where is
cos positive? (1 and 4). So quadrant 4 is the correct quadrant.
 


𝑥=4
𝑟 =? 𝑦 = −5
By using Pythagoras we get
𝑟 2 = (4)2 +(−5)2 = 41 ∴ 𝑟 = 41

𝑦 5
sin 𝜃 = =−
𝑟 41
𝑟 41
s𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = =+
𝑥 3
QUADRANT ANGLES
𝜋
0,1
2

𝜋 −1,0 0 / 2𝜋 (1,0)

3𝜋
(0, −1)
2

𝜋 3𝜋
Activity 2: Find cos 𝜃 & 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 of 0, , 𝜋 and
2 2
ACTIVITY 2 SOLUTION
cos 0 = 1
0
tan 0 = = 0
1

𝜋
cos =0
2
𝜋 1
tan = = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
2 0

cos 𝜋 = −1
0
tan 0 = =0
−1

3𝜋
cos =0
2
3𝜋 −1
tan = = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
2 0
REFERENCE ANGLES
Definition:
Let 𝜃 be an angle in standard position.
The reference angle is the acute
angle 𝜃′ formed by the terminal side of
𝜃 and the horizontal axis.

Quadrant I: 𝜃
Quadrant II: 𝜋−𝜃
Quadrant III: 𝜋+𝜃
Quadrant IV: 2𝜋 − 𝜃
ACTIVITY 3
Find the reference angles of the following:
1. 𝜃 = 300°
5𝜋
2. 𝜃=
4
5𝜋
3. 𝜃=
3

Evaluate the following:


4𝜋
1. cos
3
11𝜋
2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐
4
3𝜋
3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −
4
ACTIVITY 3 SOLUTIONS
Find the reference angles of the following:
1. 𝜃 = 300° ∴ 𝜃 = 360° − 60° ∴ 𝜃 ′ = 60°
5𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2. 𝜃= ∴𝜃= + ∴ 𝜃′ =
4 4 4 4
5𝜋 6𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
3. 𝜃= ∴𝜃= − ∴ 𝜃′ =
3 3 3 3

Evaluate the following:


4𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1
1. cos = cos( + ) = − cos = − (𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 3)
3 3 3 3 2
11𝜋 8𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
2. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 = csc + = 𝑐𝑠𝑐
4 4 4 4
4𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= csc − = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 = 2
4 4 4
3𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1. tan − = −𝑡𝑎𝑛 = −tan ( − ) = +tan = 1
4 4 4 4 4
 Check the learning objectives study
guide page 15

 Donow the recommended problems


page 238 – 240

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