Unit 3 - Cell Energy Cycle Name: Juan Castellanos

Study Guide ** use your notes and/or the PPTs to complete

1. How do living organisms get their energy?

Type Description Examples

Organisms that make their own Plants, algae, and some

Autotrophs
food bacteria.

Organisms that obtain energy Animals, fungi, and some

Heterotrophs
from the food they eat bacteria.

Chemical Energy and ATP

2. What does ATP stand for? ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate.

3. How is ATP different from ADP? ATP is different from ADP because it contains three
phosphate groups, while ADP contains two.

4. When is the energy stored in ATP released? The energy stored in ATP is released when the
phosphate bonds are broken.

5. What molecule do cells use to POWER short-term energy reactions? Cells use Adenosine
Diphosphate (ADP) to power short-term energy reactions.

6. What molecule do cells use for LONG-TERM energy storage? Cells use ATP for long-term
energy storage.
 7. Complete the diagram below using the following words: ATP, ATP, stored, release

ATP --> ADP + P

Stored energy is released when the bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP are broken.

8. SYNTHESIZE - Describe the relationship between energy stored in food and ATP?
The relationship between energy stored in food and ATP is that the energy stored in food is used to
produce ATP. The energy stored in food is converted into ATP through a process called cellular
respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose molecules into carbon dioxide and water. The
energy released from this process is then used to produce ATP, which is the molecule that cells use to
power their reactions.

Photosynthesis
9. Write the overall equation for photosynthesis using:

WORDS - Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen

CHEMICAL FORMULAS - CO2 + H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + O2

10. Which organelle does this process take place?

The process of photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.

11. Which organisms carry out photosynthesis?

Organisms that carry out photosynthesis include plants, algae, and some bacteria .

12. What does photosynthesis require in addition to water and carbon dioxide?

In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis also requires light energy.

13. What is the principal pigment of plants?

The principal pigment of plants is chlorophyll.

14. What are three factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs (HINT: Think of the
lab that we did).
Three factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs are light intensity, temperature, and
carbon dioxide concentration.

15. Why is photosynthesis ESSENTIAL to life on Earth?

Photosynthesis is essential to life on Earth because it is the process by which plants and other
organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then used to produce the oxygen and
glucose necessary for life. Photosynthesis is also the process by which plants and other organisms
produce the food that other organisms rely on for energy. Without photosynthesis, life on Earth would
not be possible.

Cellular Respiration
16. Write the overall equation for photosynthesis using:

WORDS - Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

CHEMICAL FORMULAS - C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Energy

17. Which organelle does this process take place in eukaryotes? in prokaryotes?

The process of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria in eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm in
prokaryotes.

18. Which organisms carry out cellular respiration?

Organisms that carry out cellular respiration include plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria.

19. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ?

The difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is that aerobic respiration requires oxygen,
while anaerobic respiration does not.

20. How much ATP does cellular respiration yield from a ONE molecule of glucose in:
AEROBIC cellular respiration? yields 36 ATP. ANAEROBIC cellular respiration? yields
2 ATP.

Complete the flowchart below using the following words: Lactic acid, alcoholic, glycolysis, Kreb’s
cycle, electron transport chain, 2, 2, 34-36, glucose

Glucose --> Glycolysis --> 2 ATP --> Lactic Acid or Alcoholic Fermentation --> 2 ATP
OR
Glucose --> Glycolysis --> 2 ATP --> Kreb's Cycle --> 34-36 ATP --> Electron Transport Chain -->
34-36 ATP

Cell Energy Cycle

Explain why the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are described as the ENERGY
CYCLE for living organisms:
The processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are described as the energy cycle for living
organisms because they are two complementary processes that are necessary for life. Photosynthesis
converts light energy into chemical energy, which is then used to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular
respiration then uses the glucose and oxygen to produce energy for the cell, releasing carbon dioxide
and water as byproducts. This cycle of energy production and consumption is essential for life, and
without it, life on Earth would not be possible.

Complete using table using the following words (some words may be used more than once and
some boxes may have more than one word) - producers, consumers, chloroplast, mitochondria, day,
night, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, glucose, solar energy, chemical energy, energy stored, energy
released

Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

Who? Producers Consumers

Where does it occur? Chloroplast Mitochondria

When does it occur? Day Day and night

Reactants (Input) Carbon dioxide, water Glucose, oxygen

Products (Output) Oxygen, glucose Carbon dioxide, water

Energy Sources Solar energy Chemical energy

Energy Result (energy stored

Energy stored Energy released
or released?)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Process IN DETAIL …

2nd stage - LIGHT

1st stage - LIGHT
INDEPENDENT REACTIONS
DEPENDENT REACTIONS
(Calvin cycle)

Is light required? Yes No

Where does it occur? Thylakoid membrane Stroma

Light energy, water, carbon

Inputs? ATP, NADPH
dioxide

Outputs? Oxygen, ATP, NADPH Glucose

 In the light dependent
reactions, light energy is
In the light independent
used to break down water
reactions, ATP and NADPH
molecules into oxygen and
Briefly summarize what are used to convert carbon
hydrogen ions. The hydrogen
happens during this stage dioxide into glucose. This
ions are used to produce ATP
glucose is then used to
and NADPH, which are used
produce energy for the cell.
in the light independent
reactions.

Complete using table using the following words (light, Light Dependent Reaction, Light Independent
reaction, glucose, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP, ADP, NADPH, NADP+

Light Dependent Reaction: Inputs: Light, water, carbon dioxide; Outputs: Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
Light Independent Reaction: Inputs: Glucose, ATP, NADPH; Outputs: Carbon dioxide, water,
ADP, NADP+
CELL RESPIRATION- Process IN DETAIL …

3rd stage
1st stage - 2nd stage
STAGE Electron Transport
GLycolysis Krebs Cycle
Chain

Is oxygen required? No Yes Yes

Where does it occur? Cytoplasm Mitochondria Mitochondria

Inputs? Glucose Pyruvate, NADH NADH

Carbon dioxide, ATP,

Outputs? Pyruvate, ATP, NADH Water, ATP
NADH

In the Krebs Cycle, In the electron

In glycolysis, glucose
pyruvate is broken transport chain,
is broken down into
Briefly summarize what down into carbon NADH is used to
pyruvate, releasing
happens dioxide, releasing generate ATP,
energy in the form of
energy in the form of releasing energy in
ATP and NADH.
ATP and NADH. the form of water.

Complete using table using the following words (electron transport chain, Krebs cycle, glycolysis,
cytoplasm, mitochondria, 2, 2, 24-26

Cell Respiration Summary Diagram

 Process Location ATP Generated
Glycolysis Cytoplasm 2
Krebs Cycle Mitochondria 2
Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria 24-26