CPAR Reviewer

TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE PRACTICES APPLIED IN CONTEMPORARY ARTS

- Determines how the movement progresses

1. MINIMALISM

- Expose the essentials of a subject by eliminating non-essentials.

- “Simplicity”
- Architecture Minimalism - Interior design
- Visual Minimalism - Line art
- Dance - Precise routine

2. GRAFFITI

- “Writing” “Painting” scribbled, improperly painted on a wall mostly

- In public places
- Social and Political messages.
- Graffiti “Words” / Wall Painting “No Words”

3. LAND ART

- Earth art
- Done in nature using natural materials
- Should be elevated to view

4. DIGITAL ART

- Uses digital technology to create art

- 1960 terms “computer art” “multimedia”
- Interactive installation art and virtual reality
- Digital artist to identify artist who creates digital art

5. MIXED MEDIA ART

- Uses more than one medium or material

- Assemblages and collages, common examples
- Visual art with non-visual elements

Types of Mixed Media Art

5.1. FOUND OBJECTS

- Natural or manmade objects used to create a whole art.

- Artist’s intrinsic interest and intrinsic value.
5.2. COLLAGE

- Various objects forming a new whole in 2 dimensional

- Magazines, newspapers, etc.

5.3. DECOLLAGE

- “Take off” “Unglued”

- Opposite of collage.
- Eliminating sections of the original image.

5.4. ASSEMBLAGE

- Defined substrate.
- Similar to collage.
- 3 dimensional arrangement of objects and/or sculpture.

5.6. ALTERED BOOKS

- Transforms a book from its original form into a different form.

- Altering appearance and/or meaning.

5.7. PRINT-MAKING

- Artworks by painting on paper

- Ink transferring to matrix ink or to a screen
- Made of silk or synthetic fabrics

5.8. FROTTAGE

- Rubbing crayon on a paper placed with an object

- Examples: leaves, woods, wire screen, or metal

5.9. DECALCOMANIA

- Applying gouache to paper or glass then transferring into flat canvas

5.10. DECOUPAGE

- Cut outs of paper and then coating with transparent varnish

5.11. EGGSHELL MOSAIC

- Uses tiny parts of eggshell to create image

5.12. TRAPUNTO PAINTING

- Used by Pacita Abad

 - Padded, sewn, and often filled with sequins, beads, shell, buttons, etc. on
a canvas from her travel journey

LOCAL MATERIALS USED IN CREATING ART

1. BAMBOO

- Tallest perennial grass “Gramineae family”

- Versatile material
- Example product = furniture, handicrafts, house constructions, etc.

2. BURI

- Leaves of the buri palm

- Durable and resistant to moisture
- “Stem” Buntal fiber
- Example product = basket

3. COIR

- “Coconut fiber”
- White “fish net”
- Brown “ mat”

4. NITO

- “Fern family”
- Mindanao in Southern Philippines
- Climbing fern
- Dried stem
- Example product = Mat for pots

5. PANDAN

- “Tropical plant”
- Dried leaves
- Example product = basket

6. RAFFIA

- Unopened buri leaf as dried

- Kalakat weaving
- Example product = wall coverings, upholstery materials, folding
- doors, and window hangings
 7. RATTAN

- “Palm family”
- Different types of rattan palms, high or low climbers, single
- stemmed or clustered rattan species
- Flexible and durable
- Future of industry
- Example product = chair

8. TIKIW

- Aquatic herb plant

- Central Luzon to Mindanao
- Example product = basket

9. TIKOG

- Belongs to sea grasses but grows in land

- Reed plant used for mat weaving
- More durable
- Example product = banig

10. ABACA

- “Banana family” Manila hemp

- Fiber - pure white to ivory brown
- Durable, versatile, available
- Example product = rope and furnitures

11. COCONUT SHELL

- Hard-outer part of coconut

- Turned into powder
- Example product = mosquito coils, incense sticks, plywood,
resin glue

CONTEMPORARY ART TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE IN LUZON

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF LUZON

Luzon - tagalog word “kalusunan” northern part, largest island

Prominent Indigenous Communities of Luzon

1. Ifugao
2. Gaddang
3. Ilongot
 4. Negrito or Aeta
5. Igorot
6. Palawan Tribes

Other groups
1. Ilocanos
2. Kapampangan
3. Bicolano
4. Tagalog
5. Pangasinense
6. Ybanag
Etc.

TEXTILE (Attire, Fabrics, and Tapestries) K,K,B,W,B,T,B K

1. KAIN
- Women of Cordillera region
- Wrap-around skirt (tapis in tagalog)
- Horizontal stripes, bright colors (fiery red and embroidered with beads and shells)
red, yellow, white, black, and green = signifies nature

2. KADANGYAN “rich”
- Burial cloth for the rich people of Mountain Province
- Early days = only grandmothers were allowed to weave

3. BONTOC’S FABRIC
- Handwoven fabrics of Bontoc
- Geometric shapes and shapes from nature
- Siniwsiwan = Bontoc’s blanket and clothing

4. WANES AND LUFID

- Costumes of Igorot of Mountain Province
- Wanes = long strip handwoven loincloth (bahag) for men
- Lufid = wrap-around skirt (tapis) for women
- Ginaspala Wanes = belt for married women of Bontoc and Kankana-y, has Inawin
designs = zigzag pattern

5. BAKWAT
- Belt used by mothers after giving birth
- White beads as accents, patterns of rivers and mountains, bead works on central
portion
- Made by Gaddang weavers of Nueva Vizcaya

6. TINGGUIAN
- Simple linear designs with many meaning to Abra
- Some textiles reserved for special occasions such as birthgiving, weddings, and
harvesting
- Uses natural dyes from trees and plants
- mahogany-red
 - jackfruit/ginger - yellow
- narra - brown
- malatayum - indigo

7. BATANGAS EMBROIDERY
- Piña and jusi traditional fabrics in Batangas
- Embroideries are smooth stitches, fine, composed of fine delicate shapes,
embossed, and durable in Taal
- Barong = formal men’s wear, most versatile apparel on special occasions

CRAFT
1. BURNAY
- (tapayan or banga) earthenware jar by Ilocano potters in potter’s wheel and kiln
- Made by grade-A clay and fine sand
- For storage of water, grains, fermented fish(bagoong), basi (sugarcane wine), salt,
and other condiments
- Burnay = small openings, Wangging = wider openings

2. BURI MAT
- Smoothly woven mat of Bolinao
- Made from dried leaves of palm (buri, raffia, and buntal), dyed and woven

3. LABBA
- Bowl-shaped coil basket of Kalinga
- Made from finely split rattan and nito vine
- Used to carry and store rice and vegetables

4. LINGLING-O
- “Dinumug” ancient artifact = symbolizes fertility, prosperity, and love of Ifugao,
Bontoc, and other Cordillera regions
- Negative space formed = internal female reproductive system, the womb,
and the birth canal
- Fertility symbol = feminine essence

5. VAKUL AND KANAYI

- Vakul = headdress for Ivatan women of Batanes to protect
from heat of the sun and rains
- Kayani = vest worn by Ivatan men farmers
- Both made from leaves of vuyavuy, tree endemic of Batanes

6. SINGKABAN
- Entrance arch and other decorative materials from bamboo of Bulacan

ACCESSORIES AND BODY ORNAMENTATION

1. BATOC
- Kalinga’s tattooing usually covering chest and arms
 - Considered as clothing and decorations
- Thousand - year tattooing tradition
- Uses charcoal mixed with water in a coconut shell, thorn of
citrus tree as needle and a bamboo holder

2. KABAYAN MUMMIES
- Mountain province Kabayan Mummies have body tattoos similar to
patterns found in their textile

CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ART

- It has no distinct feature or a single characteristic

INNOVATION IN ART
- Contemporary art (present times)
- Reflects current issues or events
- Sometimes break the rules of traditional art
- Employment of different objects, recycled materials, and technologies

1. NEWSPAPER IN A PAINTING

2. JUNK ART ASSEMBLED USING PLASTIC

3. ART USING RICE

4. ART USING STONE

5. ART USING POLLEN

COLOR
- (traditional) reality to paintings and art pieces
- (modern) makes new textures and themes; strong and symbolic in pieces of art

NEWER TECHNIQUE
- Forms the basis for contemporary art today

1. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
- Manifestation of the spirit of the 20th century
- Emphasizes the expressions of the self and emotions
- Color = violent; content = symbolic

2. CHROMOLITHOGRAPHY
- Developed by Jules Cheret
- Multi-color prints
- 8-40 stones
- Recreated in painting in ink to document to easily recreate again

1. SURREALISM
- Tapping into unconscious mind (imagination)
- Dream-like visuals, use of symbolism, and collage images

2. FAUVISM
- Refers to a group of French painters that filled the Paris autumn salon with works
(1905)
- Aggression with colors (primary, complementary, garish tones
3. CUBISM
- Shows possible viewpoints of a person at once
- Looked like made out of cubes and other geometrical shapes

4. NEOPLASTICISM
- Two-dimensional
- Straight lines and primary colors
- Divert itself to manifest purity of art

FINAL PRODUCT USING APPROPRIATE MATERIALS IN MAKING

CONTEMPORARY

1. LOOKING INTO THE MIRROR NOT SEEING AN APOSTLE - RIEL HILARIO (2019)

2. CHEAP MEDICINE - OSCAR “OCA” VILLAMIEL

3. LOLONG AND LOLENG - DEMETRIO DELA CRUZ

4. SEED OF LIGHT - ALAB PAGARIGAN (2014)

5. MOTION OF LIFE - JESSICA LOPEZ (2018)

6. KANYAW - DEXTER BIGAYAN (2015)

7. MERCEDEZ BENZ - FRANCO CAGAYAT

8. THE WOUND THAT NEVER HEALS, THE GOD THAT NEVER DIES - JINGGOY
BUENSUCESO

9. NECKLACES - CARLO VILLAFUERTE