US IT Staffing

US Employment Contracts:
An Employment contract is a document which contains conditions of employment with employees and contractors
like start date, salary offered, benefits, termination clauses, payment terms etc. It is important to have written
contract in place to avoid any ambiguity in service conditions or benefits offered. Below figure outlines various types
of contracts in US.

1. Full Time Employment Contracts (With Benefits)

2. W2 Hourly Contract (with Benefits)
3. 1099 Contract
4. Corp to Corp Contract

Full Time Employment with Benefits: Full time employees are generally entitled to benefits. These benefits are
governed by organization’s HR policies. Some of the benefits generally offered by the employers are discussed
below.
Base Pay
Visa Health
Assistance Insurance

Visa Assistance: Employer will take care of all the transfer/extension/amendment/CAP filing expenses except
premium processing fee.

Paid Leaves: Employer will provide 2 weeks of paid leaves and US national holiday as part of paid days to promote
healthy work- life balance.

Health Insurance: Employer will contribute 50% of the Employee only Insurance premium.

W2 Contract Employment with Benefits: Major difference from full time employment contract is that of W2
Contract, the salary is paid on hourly basis which is based on number of hours worked which is generally 40 hours a
week. Salary is paid as 80/20 basis.

For example, if RATE is $100/hour the employee’s salary will be $80/hour.

Visa Assistance: Employer will take care of all the transfer/extension/amendment/CAP filing expenses except
premium processing fee.

Health Insurance: Employer will contribute 50% of the Employee only Insurance premium.

1099 Contract (not recommended): Are nonexclusive means Independent contractor can work for different clients
in the same time period. He / she file his own taxes. They are flexible in their schedule and do not get benefits from
the employer.
From the cost perspective, cost to employer is same as the pay rate. Example if an employer pays $40/hr because it
is the responsibility of contractors to file taxes and pay the taxes.

Corp to Corp Contracts (not recommended): Is a contract between 2 corporations (Corporation to corporation)
Quite often the body shopping companies marketing / selling their candidates in IT industry will always ask for this
type of contract. The candidates these companies’ market (Bench Sales) are generally on H1-B Visas, however these
companies can market Green Card holders or US Citizens as well.

Example of Corp to Corp Candidate flow and layers

Company E Company Company Company Company
Sub Vendor D C B A
H1-B Supplier Secondary Primary End
Petitioner of Of Vendor Vendor Client
Candidate Candidate
Screening & initial Checks to screen out Inflated / Fake candidate Profiles
Some of the basic screening questions can help talent acquisition professional to avoid sharing fake candidates with
clients.
a) Ask general questions about candidate’s education, year in which he/she completed his /her degree and try to
validate the years of experience with age and see if a 24 yrs. you graduate is claiming that he/she has 6+ yrs of
experience then it is a red flag.
b) Ask questions about the cities candidates have mentioned to work. Example if a candidate has mentioned that
he/she worked at Tampa, FL then you may ask questions on weather, office commute and basics of project they
worked on.
c) Was it a team effort or individual contributor role?
d) Always take 1-2 professional references from last 2-3 projects for short term projects and validate the
references.
e) You may like to ask for a Valid US photo identification to validate the name.
f) Ask for a valid Visa copy or I797 if the candidate or his/her employee claims to be on H1-B visa status. You can
visit https://egov.uscis.gov to check the validity of the visa
g) You can check the candidate’s departure / arrival – I94 records at https://i94.cbp.dhs.gov/I94/consent.html to
validate the authenticity of experience shown in the US
h) F2F interview are the best, else insist on initial Video / Skype screening
i) Have a written anti-fraud clause in the C2C contract or purchase order
j) If a vendor is submitting sharing a GC holder or US Citizen they ask the candidate why he / she is being
represented by a recruiting agency instead of them speaking with the recruiters directly without involvement of
vendors. The generic answer of having a commitment is too cozy a trap to believe in.
k) Post selection and candidate joining; talk to the candidate to validate that the candidates who joined and
candidate who was interviewed are same.

Background Checks: Most employees conduct a background check post offer to ensure that the information
candidate supplied during the interview process is genuine. Some companies conduct basic background checks
however the organizations especially in Airlines, defence or financial industries. A written consent from the
candidate must be taken in advance before initiating the pre-employment background investigations. It is illegal to
discriminate against any potential candidate based on their age, or sexual orientation, colour, ethnicity or country or
origin.
Background Check
Drug Criminal Employment Education I-9 International SSN
Screening Investigation Verification Verification Compliance Criminal Trace
Investigation

SSN Trace: Social Security number trace reports the details like date when and where the SS# was issued, first and
last name associated with SS#. Employers can also get the details if the Social security number supplied is valid or
invalid.

Employment Verification: Most employers conduct either employer verification for last two employers or employer
verification for last 5 or 10 years. Details like position held, salary data and employment dates may be verified.

Education Verification: Employers conduct verification of education either from the colleges or institutes or
validation of degree certificates supplied by the candidates. This may include certification of education details
internationally if the bachelor’s degree is completed outside of US.

Criminal Investigations: are very important to ensure that the candidate is free of criminal background. These
include regional & national sex offenders, court searches, wants and warrants, US – National Federal Nationwide
Database Search, Felony & Misdemeanour. If the applicant is an alien on a work visa (H1-N / L1 etc), in such cases
international criminal investigations include investigations in applicant’s foreign country. Generally the turnaround
time to get the national and international criminal report for candidates may take 2-3 weeks.

Drug Screening: Urine sample is taken to investigate and ensure that the candidate is not indulged in drug abuse.
Drug results are available usually within 2-5 days after the urine sample is taken from the applicant.
I-9 Compliance / I-9 Verification: The purpose of I-9 compliance is to ensure that employers offer and give
employment to person living in Unites States lawfully with a valid work authorization only. It is illegal to offer and
employ persons who are not authorized to work in US and may attract heavy penalty from US government. I-9 form
and completing instructions may be downloaded from uscis.gov

Background investigation results: Even if the candidate joins the organization or project and his/her background
report does not come clean, employers can terminate the employment immediately. It is unlawful on candidate’s
part to supply false information knowingly to the employers to seek employment.

US Employment Visas / Work Permits

Visa Explanation Dependent
US Citizen Authorised to work for any USC / GC
Green Card Authorised to work for any GC / USC
GC EAD Authorised to work for any
H1-B Can hold multiple but can work for 1 employer / Transferable H4 / H4 EAD
H4 EAD Authorised to work for any Spouse of H1 I-140 Approved
L2 EAD Authorised to work for any Spouse of L1A /L1B
OPT EAD Authorised to work for any F2
CPT Limit of hrs and area based on Univ F2
E3 Australia Citizen
TN Canada / Mexico Citizen

F1 Students F2
L1A / L1B Non transferable

H1-B Visa: The H1-B is a non-immigrant visa that allows foreign nationals to work in US temporarily or for specified
timeframe in a specialty occupation. Generally H1-B is issued for 3 years and can be extended for additional 3 years.
Total duration: 6 Years. H1-B Petitions are accepted by USCIS (United States Citizenship and Immigration services)
from the beginning on April 1 and remain open till the H1-B quota for that year exhausts. In high IT skill demand
market, this may be exhausted in 1-2 weeks. The limit is generally 65,000 and additional 20,000 quota is available to
foreign nationals holding Masters or higher degree from a US University

Understanding the General Requirements for H1-B Visa: The petitioner (H1-B Petition / Visa sponsor) must be a US
employer. Petitioner must establish a valid employer – employee relationship with the potential candidate
(beneficiary). Valid employer – employee relation is determined or established by hire and fire rights or the US
petitioner (US Employer). This includes right to control or supervise the beneficiary.
Speciality occupation: The norm is Bachelor’s degree or Higher

Salary / Wages Levels: Potential Candidate (beneficiary) must be paid at least the prevailing wage or higher for the
various skills levels. Prevailing Wage Determination (or PWD in short) depends upon the occupation, Skills level and
Location / City where the beneficiary will be working. Different occupations have different PWD even at the same
location. Additional details on Prevailing Wage Determination and Minimum salary requirements (MSL) can be
located at Foreign Labour Certification Data Center (http://flcdatacenter.com/

H1-B Visa transfer (Normal & Premium processing): H1-B Transfer Petition (H1B Visa transfer) is required when a
person on Valid H1-B visa changes job from one employer to another. No permission is needed from former
employer for the H1 petition transfer.
Under normal processing it may take up to 3 months or even higher for petition transfer to be approved.
Under Premium category, general the decision is given by 2 weeks after the Transfer Petition is filed with USCIS.
If Request of Evidence (RFE) is received then it may take longer even under premium category.
Multiple H1 Transfer petition can be filed at the same time with more than one employer.

What happens if Person Never Travelled to US and holds a Valid H1-B

H1 Transfer petition can be filed in cap exempt category even if the person never travelled to US
Can I work with new employer once Transfer Receipt is received?
Employees can work with the new employer as soon as the Receipt of Petition transfer is received. However it is
recommended that employee joins the new employer after the petition is approved. Person may become out of
status if the petition transfer is denied by USCIS and former employer cancels the H1B visa for the person.

General guidelines on Documents Required for H1-b Transfer of Petition from Employee
1. Copy of 797 Approval Notice + Copy of previous Visas (if applicable)
2. Copy of resume
3. I 94 Records
4. Copy of Passport
5. Last 3 paystubs
6. Education Certificates: Copy of Degree / Diploma
7. Previous Experience letters
8. Marriage Certificate (Spouse) and Birth Certificate (for Children)
9. Copy of Job Description (Provided by new Employer)
10. Labor Condition Application (LCA) provided by new employer

L1 Visa (Intra Company Transfer)

L1 is a non-immigrant visa available to the employee of international company which has offices at both US and
Foreign country. L1 visa can be classified into L1-A and L1-B
L1-A is (Managerial category) visa available for executives and managers. L1-A visa is valid for up to 7 years.
L1B is for employees / workers with specialized knowledge. This is valid for 5 years.
L1 Visa is quota exempt. Spouses of L1 visa get L2 visa and can get EAD to work in US
Change of Status from L1B to H1B
An alien on L1-B visa status in US can find an employer who can sponsor H1B petition and once the petition is
approved, alien can file the change of status from L1B to H1B. Total validity combined for L1B and H1B 6 yrs
L1B + H1B total validity = 6 years

Change of Status from H1-B to L1-A

The change of status from H1-B to L1-A must be approved at least 6 months before the employee reaches maximum
6 years validity period on H1-B visa status
H1-B + L1-A total validity = 7 years

Change of Status from L1-B to L1-A

A petition to change status from L1-B to L1-A can be filed on behalf of an employee in L1B status to individual to
move the employee to a managerial position in the organization.
L1A + L1B total validity = 7 Years
Once an Alien has reached the maximum validity, he / she must spend at least 1 year outside of US to be eligible to
apply for Fresh H1 or L1 visa.

H4 EAD: Spouses of H1-B visa holders who are on H4 visa are eligible to work in US only if he GC application is
pending with USCIS for primary H1 visa holder and his/her I-140 is approved. In such cases, H4 visa holder can apply
for Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and can work for any employer in US.

TN Visa / TN Permit
Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Canadian and Mexican citizens can get a TN (Treaty
National) work permit to work in USA. TN is a Non Immigrant Visa TN visa is valid for 3 years and this can be renewed
indefinitely in the multiple of 3 years however TN is a Non Immigrant Visa. If immigration officers detect that TN visa
is being used as GC then they may deny further extensions. Proof of employment (US offer letter) and Canadian
passport is needed to get visa status adjudicated to TN
Dependents of TN permit holder can get TD permit / Status to enter and stay in US

E3 Visa: is available only to the Citizens of Australia. E-3 principal applicants must travel to the United States solely to
work in a specialty occupation. E3 visa is not available to Permanent Residents of Australia.
Spouse of E-3 visa holder may work in the US without restrictions (unlike H4). E3 Visa is renewable indefinitely in two
year increments.

Green Card
GC or Permanent residency is an immigration status which allows a person to stay and work in US permanently. GC is
not dependent of any specific employer like H1 or L1 Visas. After 5 or more years of good legal standing / status, the
GC holder can apply for U.S. Citizenship
GC Holders cannot vote in US elections. They cannot remain outside the US for unlimited amounts of time or make
their home elsewhere this may result in cancellation of their Green Card and refusal of their request to re-enter US

US Citizen
Persons born or naturalized in US. They are eligible or apply and receive US Passport and stay and work in US
Permanently.

F1 Student Employment Options: Practical Training: OPT & CPT for Students on F1 Visa
OPT is Optional Practical Training, this allows students on F1 in US to work on FT basis for 1 year after they have
completed their studies, in a field related to their major.

CPT stands for Curricular Practical Training and allows F1 Students to work for up to 20 hours a week in a field
related to their major, while they are engaging in studies. CPT is temporary authorization for practical training
directly related to the major field of study for the student.
CPT is intended for the enrolled full-time degree students on the F-1 visa who would like to seek an internship off-
campus that relates to their course of study. Their major field of study is listed on their I-20
To complete the I-9 employment verification requirements the following original documents are required:
1. Unexpired Foreign Passport
2. I-94 card stamped F-1 and D/S (Duration of Status), and
3. I-20 form
4. On-Campus Employment Verification Form

Difference between OPT & CPT

CPT is an integral part of student’s curriculum and allows the students to participate in an internship, CPT – student
must receive course credit. CPT is employer specific and must be done before students graduate. OPT is optional for
any student who meets the eligibility requirements and they don’t need to earn academic credit. OPT is not
employer specific and may be done before or after you graduate.
Recruiters hiring students on OPT / CPT must ensure the validity of their EAD and comply with I-9 requirements.

H1-B Visa sponsorship for Students on F1 Visa

In addition to annual limit of regular 65,000 numbers, additional 20,000 quotas is available to foreign nationals
holding masters or higher degree from a US university which means foreign national students who complete their
master’s degree in united states are eligible for this additional H1-B 20,000 quota.
Students must identify an employer who is willing to sponsor their H1-B in 20,000 quotas. The application process
and procedure is same as of regular H1-B petitions.

Boolean Operations (Boolean Searches)

AND
OR
NOT
Quotation Marks “____”
Using Parentheses: ()
Wild Card Boolean Operators

US Staffing: External Candidate Sourcing

Job Portals / Job Sites Resume database search
Job Postings (Available portals and LinkedIn)
Candidate Internal Database
Sourcing Vendors & Mass Mailing
Referrals
LinkedIn Invitations to recruiters + Candidates based on Skill & Location
College Recruiting

Job Boards / Job websites database resume search

Some of the popular one are listed below not necessarily in the order of popularity. Active candidates are readily
available in resume search section of these website databases. However there are number of candidates who may
be active visible on these career sites, they apply on job postings which seem relevant to them. It may be good idea
to post the jobs on multiple websites so attract these kinds of job seekers or candidates.
Some of the websites may be flooded by either fake candidate posted by different vendors, so recruiters must be
cautious when interacting with potential fake or fictions candidates. Best option is to look for local candidates within
20 or 30 miles radius so that you may call them for in person interviews in case of any doubts. Always ask where the
candidate currently based at.
Some of the popular US Job Boards:
1. www.dice.com
2. www.indeed.com
3. www.monster.com
4. www.careerbuilder.com
5. www.linkedin.com
6. www.techfetch.com
7. www.clearancejobs.com
8. www.simplyhired.com
9. www.net-temps.com
Job Postings: Talent acquisition and Staffing professionals must not hurry in job postings on the job boards. Detailed
job postings with clear job specifications attract targeted candidates and save recruiters time in filtering our junk or
irrelevant applications.
Details like Job City, Zip Code, years of experience required, skills and education required, position type (Contract,
Full Time, W2, C2H), benefits offered if applicable are kind of mandatory for good results.

Vendors and Mass mailing: Bulk mailing by company allocated portals like (Ceipal, Zoniac, Conrep, Cbizone,
PROHIRES, BullHorn etc.,) or using a vendor list with email id’s can ensure that the requirement reaches maximum
number of candidates and vendors. Recruiters should very careful in candidates screening when they receive
candidates from these vendor to filter out fake candidates.

Employee Referrals or candidates referred by existing employees are a powerful tool to source candidates. Since
generally the employees know the candidates they are referring to the recruiters can rely on the referred candidates
to some extent.

Internal Database: Over a period of time, internal database of the company increases and can contain vast number
of resumes either active or passive. Reaching out to these candidates increases the recruiters reach to another set of
potential candidates.

Visa Ready Candidates in India / Other Countries: Filing suitable number of visa’s each year by organizations
proactively and transferring employees from overseas on H1 or L1 visa to US is good strategy to source candidates
for IT skills not readily available in US market. IT Business leaders plan the visa filing of employees working offshore
so that demand of IT skill can be fulfilled by visa ready employee transfers to US in addition to local hiring’s

Campus Hiring / Fresher Hiring: Many organizations visit various universities and colleges, hire fresh graduates and
train them to deploy on various projects.
It can be cost effective for organizations to hire college / university fresher’s and train them on various skills and
deploy at the matching client.

Candidate Sourcing: Turn Around Time & Offer Acceptance Ratios:In the multi-vendor environment and current
competitive market, time to source qualified candidates is extremely important. Once the qualified candidates are
identified and offered, it is equally important to keep the offered candidate warm to ensure he/she joins the
organization / Project. The best case scenario, offer to join ratios may range for 70% to 80% or even less. Recruiting
professional should plan for the backed out candidates to ensure smooth supply and delivery of projects. Average
offer acceptance rates may vary for different organizations, it may be above or below the industry averages.
Candidates may turn down the offer acceptance for many reasons like better salary package, better benefits, career
growth, location preferences or band values.

US Geography and Time Zones and Daylight Savings

United States has 50 states and primarily 4 time zones across these states.

The 4 times zones are:

 EST: Eastern Standard Time
 CST: Central Standard Time
 MST: Mountain Standard Time
 PST: Pacific Standard Time

Each time zone lags for 1 hour from previous time zones

PST MST CST EST

3.00pm 4.00pm 5.00pm 6.00pm

Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of moving the clocks one hour forward / ahead in summer to utilize the
daylight as summer have longer days then winters.
 In the US DST time begins at 2:00 am local time on the send Sunday of March
 It Returns to Standard Time at 2:00 am on the first Sunday in November
.

PST MST CST EST

Alaska AK Arizona AZ Alabama AL Connecticut CT
California CA Colorado CO Arkansas AR Delaware DE
Nevada NV Hawaii HI Illinois IL Florida FL
Oregon OR Idaho ID Indiana IN Georgia GA
Washington WA Montana MT Iowa IA Kentucky KY
New Mexico NM Kansas KS Maine ME
Utah UT Louisiana LA Maryland MD
Wyoming WY Minnesota MN Massachusetts MA
Mississippi MS Michigan MI
Missouri MO New Hampshire NH
Nebraska NE New Jersey NJ
North Dakota ND New York NY
Oklahoma OK North Carolina NC
South Dakota SD Ohio OH
Tennessee TN Pennsylvania PA
Texas TX Rhode Island RI
Wisconsin WI South Carolina SC
Vermont VT
Virginia VA
West Virginia WV
 US States and Capitals

S No State Capital City S No State Capital City

1 Alabama AL Montgomery 26 Montana MT Helena
2 Alaska AK Juneau 27 Nebraska NE Lincoln
3 Arizona AZ Phoenix 28 Nevada NV Carson City
4 Arkansas AR Little Rock 29 New Hampshire NH Concord
5 California CA Sacramento 30 New Jersey NJ Trenton
6 Colorado CO Denver 31 New Mexico NM Santa Fe
7 Connecticut CT Hartford 32 New York NY Albany
8 Delaware DE Dover 33 North Carolina NC Raleigh
9 Florida FL Tallahassee 34 North Dakota ND Bismarck
10 Georgia GA Atlanta 35 Ohio OH Columbus
11 Hawaii HI Honolulu 36 Oklahoma OK Oklahoma City
12 Idaho ID Boise 37 Oregon OR Salem
13 Illinois IL Springfield 38 Pennsylvania PA Harrisburg
14 Indiana IN Indianapolis 39 Rhode Island RI Providence
15 Iowa IA Des Moines 40 South Carolina SC Columbia
16 Kansas KS Topeka 41 South Dakota SD Pierre
17 Kentucky KY Frankfort 42 Tennessee TN Nashville
18 Louisiana LA Baton Rouge 43 Texas TX Austin
19 Maine ME Augusta 44 Utah UT Salt Lake City
20 Maryland MD Annapolis 45 Vermont VT Montpelier
21 Massachusetts MA Boston 46 Virginia VA Richmond
22 Michigan MI Lansing 47 Washington WA Olympia
23 Minnesota MN Saint Paul 48 West Virginia WV Charleston
24 Mississippi MS Jackson 49 Wisconsin WI Madison
25 Missouri MO Jefferson City 50 Wyoming WY Cheyenne
Vendor Management System (VMS): VMS is web based platform that manages contingent workers for clients.
Customers can authorize VMS access to their selected or preferred vendors for fulfilling temporary staffing
requirements for filling fulltime, permanent positions against defined fees. VMS is an end to end solution which
offers not only hiring of contingent workers, however it also manages timesheets, invoice payments and vendors
evaluations.

If fair number of vendors are granted access of VMS system by client and number of candidate submittals can be
seen by all vendors (without candidate name) then this brings efficiency in the workforce hiring and management.
Additionally it also helps in quick turnaround time and resume submittals, interview process and candidate
placement. It also allows a healthy competition amongst the vendors to compete for the best qualified resources.

IT Sales & Staff Augmentation: There is a clear difference between IT Service sales and Staff Augmentation or selling
bodies. IT project sales involve responsibilities more than mere supplying head count to clients. the primary vendor
or Tier-1 vendor owns the responsibility of project deliverables cost and timelines. IT sales may be a mix of fixed
price, Time and Material (T&M) or Software as a Service (SaaS)

Fixed Bid Contract / Fixed Price Contracts: In Fixed Bid Contract’s the owner or Customer agrees to pay a fixed fee
or amount for executing a contract or project and customer does not care how will primary vendor pay to their
employees or sub vendors. Cost estimation is very important in fixed bid contracts because if the project is not
completed on time then it is the responsibility of primary vendor to bear the responsibilities of salaries, wages and
sub vendor cost. If cost is estimated in a fair manner considering all the aspects of business, this may give a good
profit to the Primary vendors. However if the cost estimation is not correct, the primary vendor may incur losses and
they are under contract obligation to finish the project. Quite often there is penalty fee for delays in the project
completion if it deviates from the defined time lines as per the contract.

Time & Material Contracts: In Time & Material Contracts (T&M) the client pays the contractor based on the time
(Hours) spent by Contractor’s employee, sub-contractors or third party vendors to perform the task or work. T&M
contractors are generally used on projects where the requirements most likely change or where the accurate cost
estimation of the project / work may not be identified. Most of the W2 contractors, 1099 contractors and Corp to
Corp contractors work on T&M buseinss model.
A bigger project may have mix smaller Fixed Bid and T&M projects sticked together. In T&M projects, vendors do not
have risk of cost overruns or risks from external environment such as political instability, inflation etc because
generally T&M project have inflation adjusted price hike built in the contract.

Bench, IT Sales & Future of US Staff Augmentation

Bench Sales is a sales process at a staffing or recruiting firm to market company’s consultants / candidates that are
not working on projects / potential client at a a given time. Most of these consultants are generally on the staffing
agency’s payroll. Recruiting firms start marketing their candidates to potential customer when the stipulated project
is expected to end in the defined time frame to avoid billing loss or to prevent the consultants to come on actual
bench. Staffing companies generally first look for clients requirements and then start to source suitable candidates.
A Bench Sales manager has consultants ready to be deployed and they look for clients requirements and supply the
consultants on deployable bench.
For IT organizations, it is very important to maintain a healthy bench to ensure that they have some deployable
resources at any given point of time and don’t rely 100% on external hiring. Positioning internal candidates to Clients
has a strategic advantage as internal candidates (employees) are reliable, know the organizational culture and the
risk of candidate blackouts are illuminated. Maintaining a healthy bench can be a costly affair and it must be
congruence with organizations sales pipeline. Maintaining no bench on 0% deployable bench can save money in
short term. It is very risky for mid-size to bigger organizations as new projects can run out of qualified resources
needed in time and important for project success. It is up to organizations growth appetite to maintain reasonable
bench to cater to sales forecasts. Some organizations may maintain up to 10% or higher IT Bench Irrespective of
business models (Fix bid or T&M or SaaS) organizations that have competency to source qualified candidates in
defined time and budget will have clear competitive advantage than competition.
 End Client
Verticals / Domains
of End Client

Prime Vendor / Implementing Partner / VMS

Gatekeeper
Tier 1 Vendor System Integrator MSP / RPO

Examples:
Judge Group CTS Zero Chaos Banking
Kforce TCS BayAre Tech Workers Insurance
Ness HCL Pharma
Modis Accenture Clinical
Randstand Capgemini Health Care
Mondo Deloitte Retail
Rohert Half Wipro Manufacturing
Diversant Infosys Telecom
Disys L&T Airlines
Teksystems Tech M
Apexsystems Mphasis
Hexaware
Birlasoft
MindTree
MSA (Master Service Agreement): is a contract reached between parties, in which the parties agree to most of the
terms that will govern future transactions or future agreements. Consists mainly
- Non-Solicitation
- Termination
- Insurance Requirements
- Legal Governance
- PO (Purchase Order) / WO (Work Order)

PO (Purchase Order) / WO (Work Order)

- Job Title and Description
- Location (Address)
- Duration (Start Date and End Date)
- Rate

NCA (Non-Compete Agreement): is a contract wherein an employee promises not to enter into competition of any
kind with an employer after the employment period is over. These agreements also prohibit the employee from
revealing proprietary information or secrets to any other parties during or after employment

NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement): also known as a confidentiality agreement (CA), confidential disclosure
agreement (CDA), proprietary information agreement (PIA) or secrecy agreement (SA), is a legal contract between at
least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with
one another for certain purposes, but wish to restrict access to or by third parties.

RTR (Right to Represent): Some people refer to RTRs as documents, forms, or even contracts. An RTR is, in simplest
terms, a contract between a candidate and a recruitment agency which tells the hiring company that the recruiter
has found a candidate suitable for the role and that the candidate agrees to be represented for a specific
opportunity by the recruiter.

COI (Certificate of Insurance)

- General Liability
- Commercial Liability
- Automobile Liability
- Umbrella Liability
- Worker Compensation & Employer Liability
- Professional Liability
o Errors & Omissions

Student Intake - F1 / CPT / OPT

Start End
Fall Aug Dec
Spring Jan May
Bench Sales: (Marketing the candidates on Bench)
 Each executive will be allocated 3-5 existing H1 / W2 candidates on Bench (Includes any H1 Tr / OPT looking for
marketing support + Our own Trained OPT Candidates)
 Find matching requirements. Submissions and follow-up. Interview co-ordination
 Allocated system of requirement to work. Any cross submission, both the executives will share credit and
commission.
Placement: Any candidate who gets placed for their submission.

Day Activity:
 Gather the complete information of the candidate allocated.
 Format the resume.
 Create alternate emailed and keep forwarding to the official id.
 Post the resume with the alternate id created and recruiter Phone on Dice, Monster, CareerBuilder, Techfetch,
Indeed and LinkedIn.
 Keep PROHIRES alert based on skills for the allocated candidate.
 Daily refreshing resumes on portals and applying for matching jobs on all portals especially Dice, Indeed and
LinkedIn.
 Post HOTLIST on LinkedIn home page.
 Sending hotlist on PROHIRES.
 Keep connecting to recruiters (Tier 1) on LinkedIn – (Target 10 daily).
 Tap LinkedIn vendors based on Skills and location of the allocated bench.
 Submitting the resume to the matching requirements getting to Outlook / Inbox.
 Follow-up for the applied positions through various sources.
 Negotiation and Rate confirmation.
 Frequent follow-up for the Submissions / Rate confirmed.
 Track interviews lined up, prepare / heads up to consultant.
 2 submissions for each candidate allocated and over all 10 Submission in a day.
Hiring: (OPT Training, W2 OPT on Projects, H1 Transfers)
 Executives in this team will be responsible to keep calling the OPT Candidates on Projects. Passing the interested
candidate lead to the next level.
 Follow up with the training candidates regularly.
Placement: OPT / H1 Tr Candidate joining directly with project, OPT / H1 Tr Candidate taking bench sales help and
getting on boarded. Trainee getting placed.

Day Activity:
 Connect consultants (Graduates) on LinkedIn Based on University, Education and Location (20 / day).
 Chat to the connected graduates about training. If already experienced must be talking about company pay
structure and referral bonus.
 Post Training content on LinkedIn Home Page.
 Job (Free) posting regarding training on LinkedIn
 Post Hiring content about company on LinkedIn Home Page to attract Experienced OPT and H1 Transfers.
 Job (Free) posting regarding company and referrals on LinkedIn to target H1 Transfers and experienced OPT
 Join University and Fresh Grads related Groups on LinkedIn.
o Post Training Content on LinkedIn Groups joined
 Join daily minimum 5 University Websites and post the content about company.
o Universities and Link to post pulled out from NaceLink will be allocated to each recruiter
 5 Dice clicks daily limited to search Graduates.
o Criteria and string will be given to search.
 Talk to the leads generated on the above methods.
 Post Fake requirement on Dice and Indeed.
 Daily target to generate 10 Leads and talk to them.
 Talk to 1 Existing W2 candidate in general and ask for referrals. (LinkedIn, Projects, Reks)
 Gather full details of the interested candidates and submit to the next level.
Recruiting: (Sourcing profiles to the given requirements)
 Team will be allocated the requirements generated the company Clients / Tier 1 vendors.
 Each need to work on given requirements and make sure submit least 1 candidate / requirement and have 1-2
back up profiles.
 Keep the submitted candidates warm till we get Interview and Placement.
 Allocated system of requirement to work. Any cross submission, both the executives will share credit and
commission.
Placement: Candidate shortlisted in this process joins the project is considered as a sale / placement

Day Activity:
 Connect to the Bench Sales recruiters on LinkedIn. 10-20
 Connect to the Consultants based on the requirement and Location.
 Post job on Dice.
 Post job on LinkedIn (free).
 5 clicks / day limit to search talent based on the requirement.
 Post job on PROHIRES.
 Bulkmail the requirement to the sorted skill based candidates
 Work on 3-5 Requirements per day.
 Allocated system can submit cross allocation if there are any candidates existing in database.
 Email Etiquettes
 Email etiquettes refers to principles of behaviour that one should use while writing or
 answering an email.
 Basically, it is a code of conduct for email communication.
 Generally, it depends upon whom we are writing an email.
Basic Principles of writing an email:
 Always remember to Turn off Capslock.
a) Implies Yelling.
b) Difficult to read.
 Always mention CC (Carbon Copy) for those who need to be included in an email conversation.
 BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) is also similar as CC but receiver cannot see to whom the copy of the mail is sent.
 Make sure subject line reflect the contents in an email.
 Begin with Greetings.
 Be concise.
a) Focus on topic.
b) Avoid long sentences.
 Use Active voice not Passive voice. Example: Maggi was made by Vijaylaxmi / Vijaylaxmi made Maggi
 End email with proper salutation. (Regards, Thanks)
 Include a Signature.
 Include disclaimer.
 Reply only when needed.
[In the sense, if i don’t have all the answer we can let sender know that we have received email and will be back to
them with suitable answers.]
[All email do not need response]
 Forwarding emails should include important points and original idea.

Do’s Don’t’s
Mind you manners Avoid discussing confidential information
Tone of email Don’t use Acronyms or Emoticons
Be professional

Phone Etiquettes
 It means being respectful to the person you are talking with, showing consideration for the other person's
limitations, allowing that person time to speak and communicating clearly.
 Voice must create a pleasant visual impression over the Phone.
 It is important because either of the person cannot see any facial expression and body language.
Basic Principles of Phone Etiquettes:
 Answer the call within three rings.
 Immediately introduce yourself.
 Speak Clearly.
 Only use speakerphones when needed.
 Actively listen and take notes.
 Use proper language.
 Ask before keeping someone on hold or transferring the call.
 Be honest if you don’t understand.
 Be mindful of your volume.
Do’s Dont’s
Speak clearly Talk with your mouth full
Greet Appropriately Speak too loudly or softly
Listen to the caller’s request Leave the caller on hold
Ask to place the Caller on hold Use Slang words
Answer the phone casually
Microsoft Word Keyboard Shortcuts
General To move the insertion point to the
 F1 Help Beginning of a document Ctrl + Home
F3 Autotext Beginning of a line Home
F5 Go to (page, section, ect) Bottom of the screen PgDn
Ctrl + G Go to (page, section, ect.) End of the document Ctrl + End
F7 Spellcheck Next character Right Arrow
Shift + F7 Thesaurus Next line down Down Arrow
Ctrl + H Find and Replace Next page Alt + PgDn
Ctrl + F Find Next word Ctrl + Right Arrow
Shift + F3 Change case Previous character Left Arrow
Document control Previous line up Up Arrow
Ctrl + N New document Specified page Ctrl + G
Ctrl +O Open document To delete the
Ctrl + F4 Close document Character to the left Backspace
Ctrl + S Save document Current character Delete
Ctrl + Shft +
Ctrl + F2 Document preview Rest of a page Delete
Ctrl + F5 Restore document ( sizing) Rest of a line Ctrl + Delete
Ctrl + F6 Next document Current word Ctrl + Backspace
Ctrl + shift + F6 Previous document Other editing keystrokes
Move document window –
Ctrl + F7 ( Enter) to cancel Copy text to the clipboard Ctrl + C
Resize docuemtn window
Ctrl + F8 (Enter) to cancel Cut text to the Clipboard Ctrl + X
Arrow keys to adjust Paste text from Clipboard to target Ctrl + V
Ctrl + F9 Insert field Bold text Ctrl + B
Maximize document
Ctrl + F10 (sizing) Italicize text Ctrl + I
To insert a Right Align text Ctrl + R
Back Tab Shift + Tab Center text Ctrl + E
Hard Page
Break Ctrl + Enter Full justify Ctrl + J
Hard Return Enter While in a dialog, to
Move to the next control Tab
Typeover Insert Move to the previous control Shft + Tab
Cancel Esc Perform the default action Enter
Print document Ctrl + P

Outlook Keyboard Shortcuts

Alt + . (period) Open the Address Book with the To field Ctrl + A Select all
selected
Alt + A Open the Action drop-down menu Ctrl + B Bold when editing a rich text message
Alt + B Open the Address Book with the BCC field selected Ctrl + Delete the previous word
Backspace
Alt + C Select message recipients for CC field Ctrl + C Copy
Alt + D Switch to Daily calendar view Ctrl + D Delete an item (message, task, contact, etc.)
Alt + E Open the Edit drop-down menu Ctrl + E Activate the Find drop-down menu / Center Align when
editing a rich text message
Alt + F Open the File drop-down menu Ctrl + End Move to the end
Alt + F4 Close the active window Ctrl + F Forward
Alt + G Open the Go drop-down menu Ctrl + Home Move to the beginning
Alt + H Open the Help drop-down menu Ctrl + J Open a new Journal Entry from the selected item
(message, task, contact)
Alt + I Open the Find tool bar / Open the Insert drop-down Ctrl + K Check names in the To, CC, or BCC field against the
menu Address Book
Alt + J Move to the Subject field Ctrl + M Send/Receive all
Alt + K Check names in the To, CC, or BCC field against the Ctrl + O Open
Address Book
Alt + L Reply All Ctrl + P Print
Alt + M Switch to Monthly calendar view Ctrl + Q Mark the selected message Read
Alt + N Open the Accounts drop-down menu Ctrl + R Reply
Alt + O Open the Format drop-down menu / Switch to Ctrl + S Save a draft message
Today calendar view
Alt + P Open the Message Options dialog box Ctrl + Shift + A Open a new Appointment
Alt + R Reply / Switch to Work Week Calendar view Ctrl + Shift + B Open the Address Book
Alt + S Send Ctrl + Shift + C Create a new Contact
Alt + T Open the Tools drop-down menu Ctrl + Shift + E Open a new folder
Alt + V Open the View drop-down menu Ctrl + Shift + F Open the Advanced Find window
Alt + W Forward an item / Switch to Weekly calendar view Ctrl + Shift + G Flag message for follow up
Alt + Y Switch to Daily calendar view Ctrl + Shift + J Open a new Journal Entry
Shift + Select the previous message header button or field Ctrl + Shift + K Open a new Task
Tab
F1 Open Outlook Help Ctrl + Shift + L Open a new Distribution List
F3 Activate the Find toolbar Ctrl + Shift + M Open a new Message
F4 Open the Find window Ctrl + Shift + N Open a new Note
F7 Spellcheck Ctrl + Shift + O Switch to the Outbox
F9 Send and receive all Ctrl + Shift + P Open the New Search Folder window
F10 Select File from the Outlook toolbar button Ctrl + Shift + Q Open a new Meeting Request
F11 Activate the “Find a contact” dialog box Ctrl + Shift + R Reply All
F12 Save As Ctrl + Shift + S Open a new Discussion
Ctrl + 1 Go to Mail Ctrl + Shift + U Open a new Task Request
Ctrl + 2 Go to Calendar Ctrl + Shift + Y Copy a Folder
Ctrl + 3 Go to Contacts Ctrl + T Tab
Ctrl + 4 Go to Tasks Ctrl + U Mark the selected message Unread
Ctrl + 5 Go to Notes Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + 6 Go to Folder List Ctrl + X Cut
Ctrl + 7 Go to Shortcuts Ctrl + Y Go to Folder
Ctrl + 8 Go to Journal Ctrl + Z Undo

Excel Keyboard Shortcuts

General Miscellaneous
New file Ctrl + N Find text Ctrl + F
Open file Ctrl + O Replace text dialog Ctrl + H
Save file Ctrl + S Create a chart automatically On new sheet - F11
Move between open workbooks Ctrl + F6 Edit a cell comment Shift + F2
Close file Ctrl + F4 Main Jaws Keystrokes In Excel
Save as F12 Say Version of Excel Ctrl + Shift + V
Display the print menu Ctrl + P Move to Next Sheet Ctrl + Page Down
Select whole spreadsheet Ctrl + A Move to Prior Sheet Ctrl + Page Up
Select column Ctrl + Space Go to a cell command Ctrl + G
Select row Shift + Space Collapse Selection To Active Cell Shift + Backspace
Undo last action Ctrl + Z Say Active Cell Coordinates Insert + C
Redo last action Ctrl + Y AutoSum Alt + Equals
Start a formula Equals Sign (eg. SUM(A1+A2) Formula Mode Equals Sign
Exit Excel 97 Alt + F4 Insert Date In Current Cell Ctrl + ; (semicolon)
Navigating Insert Time In Current Cell Ctrl + Shift + ; (semicolon)
Move to next cell in row Tab Alt + 1 Current Column Second Cell From Top
Current Column First Cell
Move to previous cell in row Shift + Tab From Top Alt + 2 Current Column Third Cell From Top
Up one screen Page Up Alt + 3 Current Column Fourth Cell From Top
Down one screen Page Down Data Region Left Ctrl + Left Arrow
Move to next worksheet Ctrl + Page Down Data Region Right Ctrl + Right Arrow
Move to previous worksheet Ctrl + Page Up Data Region Down Ctrl + Down Arrow
Go to first cell in data region Ctrl + Home Data Region Up Ctrl + Up Arrow
Go to last cell in data region Ctrl + End Select Whole Data Region Ctrl + Shift + 8
Formatting Text In Worksheet Say Formula Ctrl + F2
Bold toggle for selection Ctrl + B Spell Check F7
Italic toggle for selection Ctrl + I Report Gridline Status Alt + Shift + g
Underline toggle for selection Ctrl + U Read Row Total Insert + Delete
Strikethrough for selection Ctrl + 5 Read Column Total Insert + Enter
Change the font Ctrl + Shift + F Say Column Title Alt + Shift + C
Change the font size Ctrl + Shift + P Say Row Title Alt + Shift + R
Apply outline borders Ctrl + Shift + 7 Say Visible Range Coordinates Alt + Shift + V
Remove all borders Ctrl + Shift + Underline Cycle Through Controls in Dialog Box Tab
Wrap text in same cell Alt + Enter Tab Backwards Shift + Tab
Formatting Cells List Cells With Comments Ctrl + Shift + ' (apostrophe)
Format cells Ctrl + 1 Row Second Cell From Left Alt + Ctrl + 2
Select font Ctrl + Shift + F Row First Cell From Left Alt + Ctrl + 1
Select point size Ctrl + Shift + P Row Third Cell From Left Alt + Ctrl + 3
Format as currency Ctrl + Shift + 4 Row Fourth Cell From Left Alt + Ctrl + 4
Format as percentage Ctrl + Shift + 5 Describe Cell Border Alt + Shift + B
Format as general (to
remove any formatting) Ctrl + Shift + # (hash sign) Read Cell Comment Alt + Shift + ' (apostrophe)
Format as number Ctrl + Shift + 1 Auto Filter Ctrl + Shift + A
Editing/Deleting Text Read Cell Hyperlink Alt + Shift + H
Delete one character to right Delete Set Monitor Cell One Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 1
Delete one character to left Backspace Set Monitor Cell Three Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 3
Edit active cell F2 Set Monitor Cell Five Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 5
Cancel cell entry Escape Key Set Monitor Cell Seven Alt + Ctrl + Shift + 7
Highlighting Cells Read Monitor Cell Three Alt + Shift + 3
Select entire worksheet Ctrl + A Read Monitor Cell Four Alt + Shift + 4
Select entire row Shift + Spacebar Read Monitor Cell Five Alt + Shift + 5
Select entire column Ctrl + Spacebar Read Monitor Cell Six Alt + Shift + 6
Hold Shift + with Left, Right, Up,
Manual select Down Arrow Key Read Monitor Cell Seven Alt + Shift + 7
Copying and Moving Text Read Monitor Cell Eight Alt + Shift + 8
Cut Ctrl + X Read Monitor Cell Nine Alt + Shift + 9
Copy Ctrl + C Read Monitor Cell Ten Alt + Shift + 0
Paste Ctrl + V List Visible Cells With Data Ctrl + Shift + D
Inserting Text Automatically Lists Data In Current Column Ctrl + Shift + C
Autosum a range of cells Alt + Equals Sign List Data In Current Row Ctrl + Shift + R
Insert the date Ctrl + ; (semi-colon) Select Hyperlink Ctrl + Shift + H
Insert the time Ctrl + Shift + ; (semi-colon) Move To Worksheet Listbox Ctrl + Shift + S
Insert columns/rows Ctrl + Shift + + (plus sign) Move To Monitor Cell Ctrl + Shift + M
Insert a new worksheet Shift + F11 Select Worksheet Objects Ctrl + Shift + O
List Cells At Page Breaks Ctrl + Shift + B
Common Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows
Shortcut Keys Function

Display or hide the Start menu.

+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box.
+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop
+E Open Windows Explorer
+F Search for a file or folder.
+F+CTRL Search for computers.
+F1 Display Windows 2000 Help.
+M Minimize or restore all windows.
 +R Open the Run dialog box.
+TAB Switch between open items.
+U Open Utility Manager
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu.
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item.
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened.
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program.
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window.
ALT+TAB Switch between open items.
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name Display the corresponding menu.
BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer.
CTRL+A Select all.
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+C Copy.
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+O Open an item.
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+V Paste.
CTRL+X Cut.
CTRL+Z Undo.
CTRL+F4 Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously.
CTRL while dragging an item Copy selected item.
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item Create shortcut to selected item.
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word.
CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph.
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph.
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys Highlight a block of text.
DELETE Delete.
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin.
ESC Cancel the current task.
F1 Displays Help
F2 Rename selected item.
F3 Search for a file or folder.
F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer.
F5 Refresh the active window.
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop.
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program.
SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu.
SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu Carry out the corresponding command.
RIGHT ARROW Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu.
LEFT ARROW Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu.
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
document.
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Dialog box keyboard shortcuts
CTRL+TAB Move forward through tabs.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB Move backward through tabs.
TAB Move forward through options.
SHIFT+TAB Move backward through options.
ALT+Underlined letter Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option.
ENTER Carry out the command for the active option or button.
SPACEBAR Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box.
Arrow keys Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons.
F1 Display Help.
F4 Display the items in the active list.
BACKSPACE Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box.
Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts
CTRL+PLUS on numeric keypad (+) Automatically resize the columns in the right hand pane
END Display the bottom of the active window.
HOME Display the top of the active window.
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.
LEFT ARROW Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.
RIGHT ARROW Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.
Natural Keyboard shortcuts
You can use the following keyboard shortcuts with a Microsoft Natural Keyboard or any other compatible keyboard that
includes the Windows logo key ( ) and the Application key ( ).
Accessibility Options keyboard shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds Switch FilterKeys on and off
Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN Switch High Contrast on and off
Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK Switch MouseKeys on and off
SHIFT five times Switch StickyKeys on and off
NUM LOCK for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off
+U Open Utility Manager
Help Viewer keyboard shortcuts
If your mouse is unavailable or if you prefer using your keyboard, you can use the following keyboard commands to navigate
within the Help Viewer. To expand the headings below using the keyboard, press F6 to switch from the Help navigation pane
to the topic pane. Press TAB to select the desired keyboard shortcut heading, and then press ENTER to expand the listing.
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the system menu.
SHIFT+F10 Display the Help Viewer shortcut menu.
ALT+TAB Switch between the Help Viewer and other open windows.
ALT+O Display the Options menu.
ALT+O, and then press T Hide or show the navigation pane.
CTRL+TAB Switch to the next tab in the navigation pane.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB Switch to the previous tab in the navigation pane.
UP ARROW Move up one topic in the table of contents, index, or search results list.
DOWN ARROW Move down one topic in the table of contents, index, or search results list.
PAGE UP Move up one page in the table of contents, index, or search results list.
PAGE DOWN Move down one page in the table of contents, index, or search results list.
F6 Switch focus between the navigation pane and the topic pane.
ALT+O, and then press R Refresh the topic that appears in the topic pane.
UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW Scroll through a topic.
CTRL+HOME Move to the beginning of a topic.
CTRL+END Move to the end of a topic.
CTRL+A Highlight all text in the topic pane.
ALT+O, and then press P Print a topic.
ALT+O, and then press B Move back to the previously viewed topic.
ALT+O, and then press F Move forward to the next (previously viewed) topic.
ALT+F4 Close the Help Viewer.
Contents tab keyboard shortcuts
ALT+C Display the Contents tab.
RIGHT ARROW Open a book.
LEFT ARROW Close a book.
BACKSPACE Return to the previous open book.
UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW Select a topic.
ENTER Display the selected topic.
Index tab keyboard shortcuts
ALT+N Display the Index tab.
UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW Select a keyword in the list.
ALT+D or ENTER Display the associated topic.
Search tab keyboard shortcuts
ALT+S Display the Search tab.
ALT+L Start a search.
ALT+D or ENTER Display the selected topic.
Favorites tab keyboard shortcuts
ALT+I Display the Favorites tab.
ALT+A Add a topic to the Topics list.
ALT+P Select a topic in the Topics list.
ALT+R Remove a topic from the Topics list.
ALT+D Display a topic from the Topics list.
 30 Browser Keyboard Shortcuts For Chrome, Firefox, And Edge
CTRL + W Close current tab.
CTRL + SHIFT + T Open previously closed tab.
CTRL + TAB Switch between open tabs.
CTRL + 1 to 8 Switch to the tab of the corresponding number from left to right.
CTRL + 1 Switch to the first tab.
CTRL + 9 Switch to the last tab.
CTRL + N Open a new browser window.
ALT + F4 Close the current browser window. This keyboard shortcut works across Windows.
F11 Go Fullscreen.
ALT + Home Open the home page.
Backspace or ALT + Left Go back.
Arrow
ALT + Right Arrow Go forward.
F5 or CTRL + R Reload the current page.
Esc Stop the loading of the web page.
CTRL + P Print the web page.
CTRL + S Save the web page to your computer. Read about downloading a complete website for
offline use.
CTRL + O Open a file stored on your computer. Modern browsers support PDF files. So, you can
use this shortcut to open a PDF file, or any other file such as an image, on your web
browser.
CTRL + H Open browser history.
CTRL + J Open downloads history.
CTRL + D Add the current web page to the bookmarks.
CTRL + Enter Adds www and .com to the name of the website typed in the address bar. For example,
type Fossbytes in the address bar and press CTRL + Enter. It will autocomplete
to www.fossbytes.com
CTRL + Zoom-in.
CTRL – Zoom-out.
CTRL + 0 Reset zoom.
Home Go to the top of the web page.
End Go to the bottom of the web page.
CTRL + F Search the web page.
CTRL + L or F6 or ALT + D Jump to the address bar. You can also use ALT + Enter to open the web address typed in
the address bar in a new tab.
CTRL + SHIFT + Delete Open the Clear Browsing Data option.