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Lab2 Samman

The document describes setting up simple computer networks using hubs, switches, and routers as demonstrated through Cisco Packet Tracer simulations. It provides steps to configure a network using each device type: with hubs all devices are connected but traffic is broadcast to all, switches selectively forward traffic to optimize performance, and routers connect multiple networks and make path decisions. The lab helped learn different networking device functions for establishing communication between computers.

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14 views

Lab2 Samman

The document describes setting up simple computer networks using hubs, switches, and routers as demonstrated through Cisco Packet Tracer simulations. It provides steps to configure a network using each device type: with hubs all devices are connected but traffic is broadcast to all, switches selectively forward traffic to optimize performance, and routers connect multiple networks and make path decisions. The lab helped learn different networking device functions for establishing communication between computers.

Uploaded by

creatophile
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
THAPATHALI CAMPUS

A Lab Report
Of
Computer Network and Security
On
Simple Network using Hub, Switch and Routers

Submitted By:
Rishav Subedi (THA076BCT036)

Submitted To:
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Thapathali Campus
Kathmandu, Nepal

14th July, 2023


Theory:
Computer Networking:

Networking refers to the practice of connecting multiple devices together to


facilitate the exchange of information and resources. It involves the establishment
of communication pathways and protocols that enable devices to communicate,
share data, and collaborate within a networked environment.

In a network, devices such as computers, servers, printers, routers, switches, and


other networking equipment are interconnected to form a system that allows for
efficient data transmission and resource sharing. Networking enables devices to
communicate with each other, access shared resources, and utilize network
services.

The primary objectives of networking are:

Data Communication: Networking enables devices to exchange data and


information with each other. This includes sharing files, sending messages,
accessing websites, streaming media, and other forms of digital communication.

Resource Sharing: Networks allow devices to share resources such as printers,


storage devices, databases, and applications. This enables efficient utilization of
shared resources across multiple devices.

Collaboration: Networking enables collaboration and teamwork by facilitating


communication and data sharing among users. It allows multiple users to work on
the same project, share documents, and coordinate activities in real-time.

Centralized Management: Networks provide centralized management capabilities,


allowing administrators to control and monitor network devices, user access,
security settings, and network performance. This centralization simplifies
administration tasks and enhances network security.

Scalability: Networking allows for the expansion and scalability of the network
infrastructure. New devices can be easily added to the network, and the network
capacity can be increased to accommodate growing demands.

Internet Connectivity: Networking provides access to the Internet, which is a


global network of networks. Internet connectivity allows users to access a vast
array of online resources, services, and information.
Networking is achieved through the use of various technologies, protocols, and
networking devices. These include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), routers, switches, firewalls, and other
networking components.
Hub:

A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple devices together in a


local area network (LAN). It operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI
model, meaning it primarily deals with the transmission of raw data signals.

Switch:

A switch is a device that connects multiple devices together in a local area


network (LAN). It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and
provides intelligent data forwarding capabilities.

A switch is designed to receive data packets from devices connected to its ports
and forward them to the appropriate destination. Unlike a hub that broadcasts data
to all connected devices, a switch examines the data packets' destination MAC
addresses and selectively forwards them only to the port where the destination
device is connected. This process is known as "switching" and helps optimize
network performance by reducing collisions and unnecessary traffic.

Routers:

A router is a networking device that operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the
OSI model. It is responsible for connecting multiple networks together, directing
network traffic, and making intelligent decisions regarding the best path for data to
travel between networks.

IMPLEMENTATION:

The illustration of networking using Hub , switches and Routers is done by using
cisco packet tracer. Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulation and visualization
tool developed by Cisco Systems. It is widely used by network professionals,
students, and educators to design, configure, and troubleshoot network setups.
Cisco Packet Tracer provides a virtual environment where users can create and
simulate network topologies, devices, and network traffic.
Simple Network using Hub

Fig: Connection using Hub


Step to configure Network using Hub

a. Add Devices: From the device palette on the left side of the Packet
Tracer window, select a hub device. Drag and drop it onto the
workspace to add it to your network.

b. Connect Devices: Add other devices to your network, such as


computers or laptops, by selecting them from the device palette and
placing them on the workspace. Connect these devices to the hub by
dragging a network cable from each device's Ethernet port to an
available port on the hub.

c. Configure IP Addresses: Right-click on each computer or laptop and


select "Config" to configure their IP addresses. Assign unique IP
addresses to each device in the same subnet. For example, you can use
the IP addresses 192.168.10.10, 192.168.10.11, 192.168.10.12, and so
on, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Simple Network using Switch


Step to configure Network using Switch

a. Add Devices: From the device palette on the left side of the Packet
Tracer window, select a hub device. Drag and drop it onto the
workspace to add it to your network.

b. Connect Devices: Add other devices to your network, such as


computers or laptops, by selecting them from the device palette and
placing them on the workspace. Connect these devices to the hub by
dragging a network cable from each device's Ethernet port to an
available port on the hub.

c. Configure IP Addresses: Right-click on each computer or laptop and


select "Config" to configure their IP addresses. Assign unique IP
addresses to each device in the same subnet. For example, you can use
the IP addresses 192.168.10.10, 192.168.10.11, 192.168.10.12, and so
on, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

CLI command to show mac-address-table


Enable
Show mac-address-table
Show vlan
Simple Network using Routers and switch

Steps to config using Routers

a. Add Devices: From the device palette on the left side of the Packet Tracer
window, select a router device. Drag and drop it onto the workspace to add it
to your network. Similarly, select a switch device and add it to the
workspace.

b. Connect Devices: Add other devices to your network, such as computers or


laptops, by selecting them from the device palette and placing them on the
workspace. Connect these devices to the switch by dragging a network cable
from each device's Ethernet port to an available port on the switch.

c. Connect Router and Switch: Connect the router and switch together by
dragging a network cable from one of the router's Ethernet ports to an
available port on the switch.

d. Configure IP Addresses: Right-click on each device and select "Config" to


configure their IP addresses. Assign unique IP addresses to each device in
the same subnet. For example, you can use the IP addresses 192.168.0.1,
192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3, and so on, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
e. Configure Router: Double-click on the router to open its configuration
window. Configure the router's interfaces with IP addresses and subnet
masks that correspond to the network you want to create. You may also need
to configure routing protocols (such as static routes or dynamic routing
protocols like OSPF or RIP) to enable communication between different
networks.

Conclusion:

In this Lab we learnt about created a network among the PCs by different
methods. We utilized switch, hub, router as a networking device to connect those
PCs to establish a network among them using a ethernet wire. Hubs were explored
as the simplest networking devices. Switches, on the other hand, demonstrated
significant improvements over hubs. Routers played a crucial role in connecting
multiple networks together.

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