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Activity 4

The document discusses several research studies that investigated the use of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and blast furnace slag (BFS) as partial replacements for cement in concrete. The studies employed experimental designs that involved preparing concrete samples with varying percentages of slag and testing the samples' compressive strength, flexural strength, shrinkage, density, water absorption, carbon dioxide emissions, and durability. The results showed that replacing a portion of the cement with slag can improve concrete properties, with an optimal replacement level around 40%. However, using too high a slag content reduced concrete quality in some cases. The research designs allowed evaluating how characteristics of slag concrete changed with different material compositions.

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Manjiro Sano
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16 views

Activity 4

The document discusses several research studies that investigated the use of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and blast furnace slag (BFS) as partial replacements for cement in concrete. The studies employed experimental designs that involved preparing concrete samples with varying percentages of slag and testing the samples' compressive strength, flexural strength, shrinkage, density, water absorption, carbon dioxide emissions, and durability. The results showed that replacing a portion of the cement with slag can improve concrete properties, with an optimal replacement level around 40%. However, using too high a slag content reduced concrete quality in some cases. The research designs allowed evaluating how characteristics of slag concrete changed with different material compositions.

Uploaded by

Manjiro Sano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research Design

To start with, the research design is a vital part of any research study. It is important to
carefully consider all of the elements of the design in order to ensure that the study is effective
and that the data that is collected is meaningful. However it is needed to be a well thought and
clear to ensure that the researcher is able to collect the data that they needed and effective. With
these it helps the researchers to come up with conclusions on their study. It also helps the
researchers to achieve their objectives in specific time.

In the first article, the purpose of this study is to look into the effect of GGBS on the
performance of concrete. This will be accomplished by examining the compressive strength,
flexural strength, and shrinkage of concrete samples containing varying amounts of GGBS. The
use of GGBS is intended to boost the compressive and flexural strength of concrete while
decreasing shrinkage. This study will add to the body of information on the use of GGBS as an
SCM and will aid in the development of more environmentally friendly concrete manufacturing
procedures. This study will employ an analytical research design. This implies that information
will be gathered and processed to answer the research topic. To get an overview of past research
on the issue, a literature study will be done. Concrete samples with varying GGBS concentration
will be prepared and their compressive strength, flexural strength, and shrinkage will be tested.
The data will be studied to see whether there is a link between GGBS concentration and concrete
performance.

The second article, BFS concrete, has the potential to lessen the cement industry's
environmental effect. More study, however, is required to enhance the design of BFS concrete
and solve some of the issues related with its use. The research strategy in this study was
relatively simple and successful in determining the effects of the GBFS. It is more of an
experimental group on having a cement substitute.

This study describes the experimental study design to analyze the tensile behavior and
durability features of sustainable UHPC utilizing GGBS as a cementitious material. Water
absorption, freeze-thaw cycles, and chloride ion penetration tests will be performed to determine
the durability of the UHPC samples. The study's findings will aid in determining the practicality
of employing GGBS as a partial replacement for cement in UHPC.

Another study looked at the influence of Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) to Fly Ash (FA) ratio
on the setting, strength, and shrinkage of alkali-activated pastes and concretes. BFS is a
byproduct of iron manufacturing, whereas FA is a byproduct of thermal power plants. Both
materials can be used as a partial substitute for cement. The researchers measured the setting
time, compressive strength, and shrinkage while adjusting the BFS/FA ratio from 0/100 to 100/0.
The ideal BFS/FA ratio was discovered to be 50/50, which produced the greatest results in terms
of setting time, strength, and shrinkage.
The three concrete mixes in this article were constructed with varying quantities of
cement and slag. Mix 1 included 30% slag, Mix 2 contained 40% slag, and Mix 3 contained 50%
slag. The compressive, flexural, and density strengths of the three blends were tested and
compared. The results revealed that the concrete mix containing 40% slag performed best in
terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, and density. Mix 1 with 30% slag performed the
best, whereas Mix 3 with 50% slag performed the poorest. The research found that replacing
cement with slag improves the engineering qualities of concrete. However, the ideal slag
percentage is roughly 40%. Too much slag might reduce the quality of the concrete.

In this study, researchers will investigate the feasibility of employing slag, a byproduct of
the steel industry, as a cementing element in concrete. We shall evaluate the mechanical,
physical, and environmental qualities of slag to ordinary cement. We will also assess the viability
of large- scale manufacture and application of slag-based concrete.

The study in this work was carried out utilizing a mix design strategy. Concrete mixtures
were made with varying amounts of slag, ranging from 0% to 100%. The concrete's compressive
strength, flexural strength, density, water absorption, carbon dioxide emissions, and leachability
were then determined. A mix design strategy was used to perform the investigation. Concrete
mixtures were made with varying amounts of slag, ranging from 0% to 100%. The concrete's
compressive strength, flexural strength, density, water absorption, carbon dioxide emissions, and
leachability were then determined. The results indicated that slag concrete has equivalent
strength to cement concrete. The density of slag-based concrete, on the other hand, was found to
be lower than that of cement-based concrete. The water absorption of slag-based concrete was
also found to be lower. In terms of environmental impact, the carbon dioxide emissions of slag-
based concrete were found to be lower than those of cement-based concrete. However, the
leachability of slag- based concrete was found to be higher than that of cement-based concrete.

In conclusion, this study's findings will aid in determining the practicality of employing
GGBS as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. With the design in their studies shown
helps them to track on what improvements or changes on the material, whether the strength
increases or decreases, etc.

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