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a. Research- With so many problems in our modern society, a small number of them are solved
every day because of research. This means research helps us understand, and solve situational
problems that are evident in our lives. It is a development of new knowledge that is new to our
existing world that could help us to generate new concepts and solve our day to day problems.

b. Research question- It offers the reader an idea of what the research project or study intends to
answer, such as difficulties or problems in the modern world. Since it is part of the introduction,
it defines what is your study all about and what the outcome of interest will be.

c. Research process – It is essentially a set of stages that leads scholars through the course of their
studies or research activities. Also, it helps the researchers to generate information that the
society will regard as beneficial in the field. To be more sensible, it is a series of processes used
to gather and evaluate data in order to get a better knowledge of a topic or situation

d. Report writing – it is one of the most important in research work. Prepared in order to
communicate and debate study findings. They include the rationale for the study, a description
of the technique utilized to perform the research, the findings, results, a logical discussion, and
conclusions/recommendations to the reader.

e. Ethical issues – it is set of principles that regulate how scientific and other research is conducted
and distributed at research organizations such as universities. It encourage research goals such
as expanding our knowledge to our study. It also supports the most important social and moral
values today, such as not harming others.

f. Research objectives – it describes on what you wants to achieve in your research study. It is
basically an approach and purpose of your project and helps you to focus. It also assist you
narrow down the subject of your study and essential factors, as well as guide you through the
research process.

g. Research design – it refers to the entire approach employed by a researcher in planning and
carrying out data gathering, analysis, and interpretation of findings. It contains, type of study,
research question, hypothesis, variables, sampling, and methods of data collection. The design
can be either of the following, qualitative or quantitative.

h. Qualitative research – this type of research help us to explore and provide deeper knowledge
into our real world problems. It also helps in the generation of hypotheses as well as the
investigation and understanding of quantitative data. It pose open-ended questions with non-
numerical responses, such as 'how' and 'why'.

i. Quantitative research – it focuses on accumulating numerical data and generalizing it across

k. Case control study – it is an observational study in which researchers examine two groups of
people (cases and controls) to examine variables linked with certain illnesses or outcomes. It
evaluate the differences in the histories between these two groups looking for  factors that
might cause a disease.

l. Cohort study – it is an observational research design in which groups of participants are selected
and compared based on their exposure to a certain risk factor. In other words, it compares a
certain result (such as lung cancer) among groups of people who are similar in many respects
but differ in one (for example, female nurses who smoke compared with those who do not
smoke).

m. Secondary data – it is basically a previously collected study data that may be accessed by
researchers Primary data, on the other hand, is data acquired directly from its source. In other
words, it is the data that has already been collected and is easily available from other sources.

n. Research scope - refers to the aspects of a study endeavor that will be covered. It establishes
the scope of the study. The scope of a study is always determined in the early phases.
Determining it subsequently causes a lot of uncertainty regarding the study aims.

o. Secondary data review - it is a research strategy for gathering information in order to provide a
clear analytical summary. An analyst doing this considers several pieces of secondary data in
order to generate the most cohesive picture possible on a certain issue. Also it is a thorough
data collection, synthesis, and analysis procedure based on a desk study of all pertinent
information accessible from many sources.

p. Preliminary data analysis – it is derived from small-scale preliminary studies aimed to give
essential pieces of information to support a study hypothesis They do not have to be
comprehensive studies, but the findings should be significant.

q. Literature review – it is a summary of preview research study that connects to your topics that is
related to each other. In other words, is a concise summary of important publications and other
materials on a certain topic. The literature review examines academic papers, books, and other
materials that are pertinent to a certain field of study.
2. Discuss how to properly formulate a research question.

In making or formulating a research question, since you are making a study or research it should
state the specific issue or problem of your research study. Also you need to conduct a research of your
topic before you make a research question. You need to maintain as much clarity as possible in your
query and utilize simple language. You should also ensure that your paper's thesis comes directly from
your research topic. There are 4 possible types research questions. The first one is, descriptive, in this
type of question it explain and assess something in a broader perspective, they often start with "what,"
"which," or "how." Second is inferential or observational, in this type of question it would be a repetition
of the original hypothesis in the form of a question, to be answered by examining a new collection of
data. The third type of question is relational or casual which means designed to see if one or more
factors cause or influence one or more outcome variables. Lastly, the type of research question is one in
which data is analyzed to determine whether there are any patterns, trends, or correlations between
variables.

3. Discuss the research process and how each process contributes to the success of the research.

A research process is to comprehend the context, the research method begins with choosing a
research issue and completing a literature evaluation. Based on the study challenge, the researcher
develops research questions, objectives, and hypotheses. And there are process on conducting a success
to research, these are the following. First, identifying the research problem. In this step, It helps or guide
the researcher to achieve the all important phases of the research process. Second, examining the
literature It helps the researcher to frame his problem in terms of specific qualities of his general area of
interest that have yet to be investigated during this approach. Third is setting research question,
objectives. In this process, an objective will specify what should be investigated, define the sort of
information that should be gathered, and offer a framework for the study's scope. Fourth is the research
design, in this process it is all about fulfilling objectives and answering the research questions. Fifth is
the deciding the sample design, in this process it involves any step that uses a limited amount of goods
or parts. Lastly, collecting data from the research sample, in this process consist of data gathering in any
given population might range from basic observation to a large-scale survey. There are several methods
for gathering data. The approach chosen is determined by the study's objectives, research design, and
the availability of time, money, and personnel.

4. Discuss the major differences between quantitative and qualitative approach in research.

The common difference of quantitative and qualitative is that the quantitative is more on
numbers while qualitative is more on words. Other explanation to this is qualitative and quantitative
research collect various types of information, their data collecting methods differ significantly.
Quantitative research is based on numerical or quantifiable data. Qualitative studies, on the other hand,
focus on personal stories or documentation that describe how individuals think or respond within
society. For the qualitative research, it contains interviews, documents, observations and the likes.
While the quantitative research contains experiments, questionnaires, surveys and the likes. However,
for the qualitative research is often test a smaller sample size since it is very costly and needs effort to
collect data. For the quantitative research, the participants of this research cannot personalize their
replies or give context. That’s all for the major differences between quantitative and qualitative
approach in research.

5. Discuss the importance of determining information needs and how to properly formulate information
needs.

The importance of determining information needs and how to properly formulate are the
following. First, when I answered my activity 1 the information needs actually gives you a headstart in
making your research. It gives you a head start since you are already have all of the information you
need for your research. It guides you on making a research objectives, a research questions, and
developing preliminary data analysis plan. But the question is, how to formulate information needs?
First, you need a topic. Second you need to have the background or context of that topic, or also known
as the context analysis. Third is, “you need to answer what is known so far about the issue or topic of
concern within this conext?”, but the detailed secondary data review could guide you in answering this
question. Fourth is to identify who could benefit your research. For example, my topic is all about UAV
as pesticide for ride production, so the people who could benefit for this research is the farmers. Lastly,
the potential impact of the study in terms of improving understanding of the current situation which
means you need to understand the problem of that topic. planned response practices which means that
is your topic open to new ideas?

6. Discuss strategies on how to set research objectives.

The strategies on how to set research objectives are the following. First is to identify what is the
main focus of your research. Which means it describe what your goals to achieve through your research,
you can pick a research focus by researching the literature in your business and identifying gaps in
existing research. Second is to go deeper to your main focus of your research focus into research
objectives. In this step you can break down your main focus of your research which is to have a main
objective and specific objectives. In your main objective describes in broad strokes what you hope to
achieve with your research. While the specific objectives, describe how you intend to attain your overall
aim. Last step for this is to write your research objectives in a smart format. Using this structure might
help you make your goals more clear and understandable, increasing your chances of success.

7. Discuss the importance of a preliminary data analysis plan and how it is conducted.

The preliminary data analysis plan describes the key indicators or variables connected to the
RQs that must be monitored as part of the research, gathered and analyzed. It includes checking the
reliability of measurements, assessing the efficiency of any modifications, investigating the distributions
of individual variables, and finding outliers are all part of the process. But how do we conduct it? All you
need to do is to have a research objective, research questions, and indicators. With these three, you can
make a structure DAP. There are two types of structure DAP which is structure DAP and semi structured
DAP. For the structured it contains quantifiable indicators. While for the semi structured DAP contains
descriptive indicators. In our discussion last 2 weeks, it shows that the following components for DAP is
to have exact information, level of analysis, time frame and etc.

8. Discuss what is a literature review and strategies on how to create a good literature review.
 A literature review is a summary of research topics that are related to your chosen topic. It
consists of an overview, a summary, and an evaluation of the current state of knowledge in a particular
field of study. It might also contain a discussion of methodological concerns as well as recommendations
for future study. But how to create a good literature review? There are steps on how to create a good
literature. First one is to narrow your topic, just think anything that interest you that could catch the
attention of the researchers. Second is to search for related studies, in this step you will connect the
ideas of different field but the same topics. Third is to read the selected articles, why read? So that you
can easily connect it to the other articles, what are their same thoughts about that topic. Lastly is to
organize the selected articles and make sure that they are related to each other. It is a big no for having
unrelated topics.

9. Discuss what is a reputable journal and cite some reputable journals and explain what makes such
journal reputable.

A reputable journal provide a simple submission procedure, transparent pricing, rigorous peer
review, and high production standards They will also aid in the discovery of your outputs by putting
them in bibliographic databases. Here is my example of reputable journal. Annual review of psychology.
Why does this makes a journal reputable? The Annual Review of Psychology, as the name implies,
publishes a wide range of reviews pertaining to psychological research. It provides extensive and
intelligent commentary on a wide range of topics ranging from the biological basis of behavior to
cognitive processes to human development. Second example of reputable journal is frontiers. It has
rapidly climbed through the ranks of scientific journals It now has about 3,500 papers and received the
most citations in the discipline of neurology in 2016. The journal's mentality is as progressive as the
research it covers, with a revered editorial board, open-access everywhere, and an online-only presence.

10. Discuss the importance of citing sources and give an example of how to cite a certain source in text
using APA style.

The importance of having a cite sources is to give credits to the owner of that topic or article.
Also to demonstrate to your reader that you conducted thorough research, mention the sources you
utilized to obtain your knowledge. Being a responsible scholar means giving credit to others and
acknowledging their thoughts. There are many ways how to cite a certain source. But the most used in
citing a source is first the authors last name followed by the comma then the year of publication. An
example for this is (Marmito,2022). When there’s a page number, you can use this format in citing a
soure. (Marmito,2022, p 45). When the article have many authors, just use this format (Marmito et al.,
2022).